CN101720706B - Safe overwintering method for macrobrachium nipponense parents - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for safely overwintering the parents of freshwater shrimp according to the present invention mainly includes: selection of parental overwintering temporary storage ponds, pre-overwintering treatment, construction of overwintering conditions, parent ratio and density, and feeding and management techniques during the overwintering period. The overwintering method is suitable for the biology, behavior and ecology of freshwater shrimp, and this method can maximize the survival of freshwater shrimp overwintering, and the survival rate of overwintering can reach more than 85%. This method not only reduces the loss of freshwater shrimp overwintering, directly increases economic benefits, but also provides a reliable guarantee for the preservation and survival of excellent strains of freshwater shrimp, which will help to improve the economic benefits of freshwater shrimp farming and promote the cultivation of freshwater shrimp in my country. industry health and sustainable development.

Description

A kind of method for parents of freshwater shrimp to survive winter safely

technical field

The invention relates to culture biology, behavior and ecology of macrobrachium, in particular to water environment control and management technology for green shrimps to survive winter safely.

Background technique

Green shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense), scientific name Japanese river prawn, commonly known as river shrimp, lake shrimp. It belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, Crustacea, Decapod, Longarm Shrimpidae, Macrobrachium genus. It is a kind of shrimp with larger individual in freshwater shrimp. Because of its tender meat, delicious taste and rich nutrition. It is also an important freshwater cultured shrimp in my country. At present, the annual output of freshwater shrimp farming in my country is more than 200,000 tons, and it is still increasing year by year. However, with the continuous expansion of the breeding scale and the continuous improvement of the degree of intensification, the freshwater shrimp has serious species degeneration, early sexual maturity, smaller individuals, lower listing rate, more diseases, and lower breeding benefits year by year. Variety degeneration has become the bottleneck of the freshwater shrimp aquaculture industry, seriously restricting the development of the freshwater shrimp aquaculture industry. In order to realize the healthy and sustainable development of freshwater shrimp farming, it is urgent to rejuvenate and improve freshwater shrimp, and it is necessary to realize improved parent species and form large-scale production of improved species. In order to form the large-scale production of fine-bred freshwater shrimp, it is first necessary to solve the problems of multiplication, conservation and safe overwintering of the fine-bred freshwater shrimp.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem that the above-mentioned existing breeding method has caused the serious degeneration of the freshwater shrimp species, utilize the biology, behavior and ecology of freshwater shrimp, by improving the existing breeding method, and adopt a series of effective Measures technology provides an important guarantee for the production of large-scale fine shrimp seedlings and provides a method for the safe wintering of freshwater shrimp parents.

A method for safe overwintering of freshwater shrimp parents of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises:

1) Selection of temporary wintering ponds: Choose a regular shape, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun. The pond area is selected to be 2 to 5 mu, and the water depth is at least 1.1 meters. The pond water source is required to be sufficient, the water quality is good, the drainage and irrigation are convenient, the bottom of the pond is less silt, and there is no pollution. ;The pond must be strictly cleared before the overwintering freshwater shrimps are stocked. When water is poured into the pond after clearing the pond, a sieve and silk mesh should be installed at the water inlet to filter to prevent the entry of harmful organisms;

2) Pre-wintering treatment: In mid-November, evenly sprinkle the whole pond with soaked tea leaves, 10 catties per mu. Tea leaves can also kill wild fish and snails in the pond while fertilizing the water; Soft-shell shrimps are damaged to a certain extent. When using them, you should pay attention to the weather, water temperature and shelling conditions to determine the use time, and you must avoid the shelling peak;

3) Overwintering conditions: The water depth of the pond should be 1.1-1.5 meters, the water should have a certain degree of fertility, and the transparency should be controlled at 25-40 cm. If the water is too clear, use inorganic fertilizers to sprinkle the whole pond regularly, and place tea trees or other more 15-20 shrimp nests with a diameter of 1.5 meters made of forked branches;

4) Overwintering time of broodstock: in the Yangtze River Basin from December to early April of the next year, and in most areas north of the Yangtze River from November to the end of April of the next year;

5) Stocking of brood shrimps: Brood shrimps should be selected with strong physique, complete appendages and standard body shape. Overwinter stocking should be carried out in sunny and warm weather, and especially avoid freezing and windy weather to improve the survival rate. The stocking density is 70~ 90 catties/mu, the ratio of male and female shrimp is (2-3): 1;

6) Temporary care management:

(1) Persist in regular pond patrols, and special personnel should be responsible for checking the overwintering conditions of parent shrimps, paying attention to maintaining water depth, fertility, and sufficient dissolved oxygen, and doing a good job in preventing escape, pollution, and predators; To prevent the pool water from freezing, once it is found to freeze, it must be smashed or drilled in time to prevent the parent shrimp from suffocating due to lack of oxygen;

(2) Pay attention to feeding. During the overwintering period, brood shrimp still need to ingest a small amount of food. During the entire wintering period of freshwater shrimp, they must insist on baiting well, and feed feed appropriately according to the water temperature and eating situation of freshwater shrimp;

(3) Kill ciliates regularly, and use cilia to kill ciliates every 40 to 50 days during the wintering period.

The above-mentioned soaked tea dregs is the tea dregs after soaking for 3 days by putting 1-2 catties of quicklime or 1 catties of salt into every 100 catties of tea dregs and mixing them evenly.

The eating conditions of the above-mentioned freshwater shrimp are mainly affected by the water temperature. When the water temperature drops below 8°C, they stop eating and dive into the deep water area to survive the winter; when the water temperature rises above 8°C, they start to eat; , as long as the water temperature is above 8°C, it is necessary to insist on feeding to maintain its life and activities. According to the water temperature, it is appropriate to feed high-quality full-price compound feed. The feed should be fed in the morning on a sunny day, every 3 to 7 days Feed once, and the feeding amount is 1% to 2.5% of the body weight of the shrimp.

The above-mentioned high-quality full-price compound feed is a full-price compound feed with a crude protein content above 38%.

Advantages and effects of the present invention:

The invention proposes an overwintering method suitable for the biology, behavior and ecology of freshwater shrimp. The method can greatly improve the overwintering survival of freshwater shrimp, and the overwintering survival rate can reach more than 85%. This not only reduces the loss of freshwater shrimp overwintering, directly increases the economic benefits, but also provides a reliable guarantee for the preservation of good strains of freshwater shrimp overwintering, which will help to improve the economic benefits of freshwater shrimp farming and promote the green shrimp farming industry in my country Healthy and sustainable development.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific examples.

Example 1

A farmer chooses a freshwater shrimp pond with an area of 2.5 mu to survive the winter. Thoroughly clear the pond before stocking overwintering fresh shrimps, and strictly filter the incoming water. On November 16, use 10 catties per mu (1.5 catties of quicklime for every 100 catties of tea dregs and soak for 3 days). The tea dregs can also kill wild fish and snails in the pond while fertilizing the water. During the wintering period, the water depth is controlled at about 1.2 meters, and the transparency is controlled at 25 to 35 centimeters. 18 shrimp nests with a diameter of 1.5 meters made of tea trees or other multi-forked branches are placed evenly per mu. The stocking density is 90 catties/mu, and the ratio of male and female shrimp can be 2:1. Persist in regularly patrolling ponds by the requirements of the present invention during the wintering period, and pay attention to keeping the depth, fertility and dissolved oxygen of water sufficient. And do a good job in preventing escape, pollution, and predators; at the same time, insist on feeding high-quality full-price compound feed with a crude protein content of 38.2%. The amount is 1.5% to 2.5% of the body weight of the shrimp. When the water temperature drops below 8°C, stop feeding. Use ciliate (worm) net (dosage according to the instructions) every 50 days to kill ciliates during the wintering period. By the end of April at the end of wintering, the survival rate of overwintering was 85.7%.

Example 2

A certain farm selects a freshwater shrimp pond with an area of 3.5 mu of shrimps for parents to survive the winter. Thoroughly clear the pond before stocking the overwintering fresh shrimps, and strictly filter the incoming water. On November 13, use 10 catties per mu (put 2.0 catties of quicklime for every 100 catties of tea leaves and soak for 3 days). Tea leaves can kill wild fish and snails in the pond while fertilizing water. During the wintering period, the water depth is controlled at 1.1-1.4 meters, and the transparency is controlled at 25-40 cm. Evenly place 20 shrimp nests with a diameter of 1.5 meters made of tea trees or other multi-forked branches per mu. The stocking density is 85 catties/mu, and the ratio of male and female shrimp can be 2.5:1. Persist in regularly patrolling ponds by the requirements of the present invention during the wintering period, and pay attention to keeping the depth, fertility and dissolved oxygen of water sufficient. And do a good job in preventing escape, pollution, and predators; at the same time, insist on feeding high-quality full-price compound feed with a crude protein content of more than 39.5%. The feeding amount is 1.5% to 2% of the body weight of the shrimp. When the water temperature drops below 8°C, stop feeding. During the wintering period, use ciliate (worm) net (dosage according to the instructions) every 45 days to kill ciliates. By mid-April when wintering ends, the survival rate of wintering was 88.5%.

Example 3

A breeding company chooses a freshwater shrimp pond with an area of 4.5 mu of shrimp with better conditions for parental overwintering. Thoroughly clear the pond before stocking the overwintering parental shrimps, and filter the incoming water strictly. On November 13, use 10 jin per mu (1.5 jin of quicklime for every 100 jin of tea dregs and soak for 4 days). Tea dregs can also kill wild fish and snails in the pond while fertilizing water. During the wintering period, the water depth is controlled at 1.2-1.3 meters, and the transparency is controlled at 25-35 cm. Evenly place 20 shrimp nests with a diameter of 1.5 meters made of tea trees or other multi-forked branches per mu. The stocking density is 80 catties/mu, and the ratio of male and female shrimp can be 3:1. Persist in regularly patrolling ponds by the requirements of the present invention during the wintering period, and pay attention to keeping the depth, fertility and dissolved oxygen of water sufficient. And do a good job in preventing escape, pollution, and predators; at the same time, insist on feeding high-quality full-price compound feed with a crude protein content of 41.3% or more. Depending on the water temperature and activity of the shrimp, feed once every three days in the morning. The feeding amount is 1% to 2% of the body weight of the shrimp, and when the water temperature drops below 8°C, the feeding is stopped. Use ciliate (worm) net (according to the instructions) to kill ciliates every 45 days during the wintering period. By the first ten days of April when overwintering ends, the survival rate of overwintering was 92.3%.

The above examples only illustrate the safe overwintering method for green shrimp parents established by the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. It is worth noting that the overwintering production of freshwater shrimp parents using the above technical methods is within the scope of protection required by the present invention, and will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of protection of the appended claims. Here, other specific embodiments are not listed one by one.

Claims (4)

1. a method for safe surviving the winter of freshwater shrimp parents, is characterized in that comprising: 1) Selection of temporary wintering ponds: Choose a regular shape, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun. The pond area is selected to be 2 to 5 mu, and the water depth is at least 1.1 meters. The pond water source is required to be sufficient, the water quality is good, the drainage and irrigation are convenient, the bottom of the pond is less silt, and there is no pollution. ;The pond must be strictly cleared before the overwintering freshwater shrimps are stocked. When water is poured into the pond after clearing the pond, a sieve and silk mesh should be installed at the water inlet to filter to prevent the entry of harmful organisms; 2) Pre-wintering treatment: In mid-November, evenly sprinkle the whole pond with soaked tea leaves, 10 catties per mu. Tea leaves can also kill wild fish and snails in the pond while fertilizing the water; Soft-shell shrimps are damaged to a certain extent. When using them, you should pay attention to the weather, water temperature and shelling conditions to determine the use time, and you must avoid the shelling peak; 3) Overwintering conditions: The water depth of the pond should be 1.1-1.5 meters, the water should have a certain degree of fertility, and the transparency should be controlled at 25-40 cm. If the water is too clear, use inorganic fertilizers to sprinkle the whole pond regularly, and place tea trees or other more 15-20 shrimp nests with a diameter of 1.5 meters made of forked branches; 4) Overwintering time of broodstock: in the Yangtze River Basin from December to early April of the next year, and in most areas north of the Yangtze River from November to the end of April of the next year; 5) Stocking of brood shrimps: Brood shrimps should be selected with strong physique, complete appendages and standard body shape. Overwinter stocking should be carried out in sunny and warm weather, and especially avoid freezing and windy weather to improve the survival rate. The stocking density is 70~ 90 catties/mu, the ratio of male and female shrimp is (2-3): 1; 6) Temporary care management: (1) Persist in regular pond patrols, and special personnel should be responsible for checking the overwintering conditions of parent shrimps, paying attention to maintaining water depth, fertility, and sufficient dissolved oxygen, and doing a good job in preventing escape, pollution, and predators; To prevent the pool water from freezing, once it is found to freeze, it must be smashed or drilled in time to prevent the parent shrimp from suffocating due to lack of oxygen; (2) Pay attention to feeding. During the overwintering period, brood shrimp still need to ingest a small amount of food. During the entire wintering period of freshwater shrimp, they must insist on baiting well, and feed feed appropriately according to the water temperature and eating situation of freshwater shrimp; (3) Kill ciliates regularly, and use cilia to kill ciliates every 40 to 50 days during the wintering period. 2. The method for safely surviving the winter of a kind of freshwater shrimp parent as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described soaked tea dregs is mixed with 1-2 jin of quicklime or 1 jin of table salt in every 100 jin of tea dregs, Tea dregs soaked for 3 days. 3. A method for safe overwintering of freshwater shrimp parents as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the eating conditions of the freshwater shrimp are mainly affected by the water temperature, and when the water temperature drops below 8°C, they stop eating and dive into Overwinter in deep water areas; start eating when the water temperature rises above 8°C; for this reason, during the entire wintering period of freshwater shrimp, as long as the water temperature is above 8°C, they must insist on feeding to maintain their life and activities. The situation is appropriate to feed high-quality full-price compound feed. The feed should be fed in the morning on a sunny day, once every 3 to 7 days, and the feeding amount is 1% to 2.5% of the body weight of the shrimp. 4. A method for safe overwintering of freshwater shrimp parents as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that said high-quality full-price compound feed is a full-price compound feed with a crude protein content above 38%.