CN103733884B - The short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of truffles - Google Patents
The short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of truffles Download PDFInfo
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- CN103733884B CN103733884B CN201410013496.6A CN201410013496A CN103733884B CN 103733884 B CN103733884 B CN 103733884B CN 201410013496 A CN201410013496 A CN 201410013496A CN 103733884 B CN103733884 B CN 103733884B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the short breeding method of the woodland microenvironment of a kind of truffles transformation, the truffles that described method particularly as follows: select gathers after truffles through digging is produced a little, produce centered by host plant a little by this, in the scope that diameter is 1-1.5m, first root out the weeds on surface, as backfilling earthen backfill within the scope of this after then being smashed to pieces gently by the soil dug out.The method has wide market prospect, and the sustainable use exploitation of truffles resource is significant.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation field of planting of truffles, relate to the short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of a kind of truffles.
Technical background
Truffles (Truffle), taxonomy is subordinate to Ascomycotina (Ascomycotina), Tuberale (Tuberales), Tuberaceae (Tuberaceae), Tuber (TuberMicheli:F.H.Wigg.).The business truffles of China is distributed mainly on the Sichuan of southwest, Yunnan Province, starts to develop at the mid-80, annual yield more than 150 ton, maximum output, 2002, about 300 tons.China is the maximum country of origin of natural business truffles, becomes second distribution center of world commerce truffles.
The growth of truffles must set up symbiosis with suitable host plant root system, and artificial culture truffles requires over mycorrhiza fungi seeding cultivating, then builds truffles woods and carries out.The domestic existing successfully report of cultivation of truffles, the cycle is generally required for 5-7, very very long.Domestic natural truffles since finding for 1985, it is progressively that place of production common people are cognitive, and sustainable exploitation utilization more than 20 year, owing to lacking relevant laws and regulations restriction, the collection of truffles fully belongs to unordered state, and the mode exploited is very original, boundless and indistinct aimless excavation, causes soil erosion, and the original excavation mode of rough predation formula causes that truffles resource and yield fall sharply, in recent years truffles producing region, all report resource is close to exhaustion.Therefore, the protectiveness collection of resource becomes the continuable key of truffles industry.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, inventor finds through long-term research, the growing point of truffles, temperature, illumination, humidity, water content are all very special, each truffles production is the result of natural selection, will not vary widely in a short time, usually not can produce continuously a lot of year when artificial destruction.Producing a little of artificial destruction, if recovered should be able to output truffles again in a short time, have not yet to see the report of the short propagating technology of woodland microenvironment transformation, the present invention proposes a kind of microenvironment transformation, and woodland urgees the method for numerous truffles.There is wide market prospect, the sustainable use exploitation of truffles resource is significant.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of truffles, after selecting collection truffles, the truffles through digging is produced a little, produce centered by host plant a little by this, in the scope that diameter is 1.0-1.5m, first root out the weeds on surface, as backfilling earthen backfill within the scope of this after then being smashed to pieces gently by the soil dug out.By backfilling after being smashed to pieces by the soil dug out, the strain being remaining in soil on the one hand is continued flourish, and being that surface soil maintenance is loose on the other hand improves breathability, also helps newborn truffles and grows, improves the lasting output capacity of truffles.
Alternately, the severity control of described backfill soil is at 0.2-0.3m, and keeps the rarefaction of backfill soil.Can ensure when not damaging host's root system that host's surrounding soil microenvironment has enough breathability by controlling the degree of depth of backfill soil, and be easy to newborn truffles output.
Alternately, described backfill soil adds the water-retaining agent absorbing large quantity of moisture, backfills again after mix homogeneously.By being mixed into a small amount of water-retaining agent in described backfill soil, improving backfill soil and keep the function of moisture, rainy season can absorb storage moisture, and truffles spore can be adsorbed, do not run off by rain drop erosion, the moisture that during dry season, the growth of slow releasing truffles is required, promote waterlogging-resistant drought-resistant ability simultaneously.Alternately, the addition of described water-retaining agent is the quality before 200-300g(water suction).
Alternately, adding truffles strain in described backfill soil, strain amount controls, at every strain host plant 40-60g, to backfill after mix homogeneously again.By artificially adding a small amount of strain, improve the output capacity of truffles, substantially realize sustainable output.Alternately described truffles strain beater being added sterilized water and break into even-grained slurry, uniformly pulled an oar by truffles and facilitate it fully dispersed in backfill soil on the one hand, more advantageous infectivity tree root generates mycorhiza system simultaneously.
Alternately, it is also possible to be backfill soil by described backfill soil according to volume ratio: Vermiculitum: the ratio of river sand=1:1:1 adds Vermiculitum and river sand mixes, and adds the Calx accounting for gross weight 3%, backfills after mix homogeneously again.Improve the combination property of backfill soil further so that it is there is more suitably breathability and sponginess, be conducive to truffles output.Additionally, being added with of Calx is beneficial to the pH value regulating soil, thus suppressing the growth of miscellaneous bacteria.
Alternately, be backfill soil by described backfill soil according to volume ratio: Vermiculitum: the ratio of river sand=1:1:1 adds Vermiculitum and river sand mixes, and adds the Calx accounting for gross weight 3%, it is subsequently adding 50g truffles strain, 260g water-retaining agent, 0.8g root-inducing powder, backfill again after mix homogeneously.
Alternately, described truffles strain first adds sterilized water making beating with beater, truffles slurry after uniformly making beating and root-inducing powder and the water-retaining agent of sending out well water are mixed and then constantly add sterilized water, until the water absorbing capacity that water-retaining agent reaches capacity, then with backfill native mixing.
Alternately, adding a small amount of peat soil in described backfill soil, constitute mixing backfill soil and backfill after mix homogeneously, described peat soil mass percent in mixing backfill soil controls below 20%.Utilize humus abundant in peat soil can provide substantial amounts of nutrition for the growth of the growth of truffles and seedling especially tree root.
Alternately, retain the truffles newly grown in backfill in latter 1 year, do not excavate, excavated again after 1 year, and after excavating, repeat the short numerous operation of described woodland microenvironment transformation.The mode excavated for 1 year by interval makes woodland microenvironment be recovered more fully, it is possible to realize the sustainable effect gathering truffles better.
Alternately, after described backfilling operation, the truffles newly grown can be excavated by next year, and repeats the short numerous operation of described woodland microenvironment transformation after excavating.Namely next year after the transformation of woodland microenvironment is short numerous is made directly excavates in schemes more of the present invention (scheme as adopted Vermiculitum, river sand Calx that backfill soil is improved), also can realize sustainable output truffles, and yield remains stable for.
Alternately, again using the healthy growth within described host plant 10m but there is no the plant (can as the plant of host) of truffles output as new center, the weeds on the surface within the scope of diameter 1.0-1.5m about are rooted out, then the soil within the scope of this is dug, severity control is at 0.2-0.3m, as backfill soil after the soil dug out is smashed to pieces gently, it be backfill soil by described backfill soil according to volume ratio: Vermiculitum: the ratio of river sand=1:1:1 adds Vermiculitum and river sand mixes, add the Calx accounting for gross weight 3%, it is subsequently adding 50g truffles strain, 260g water-retaining agent, 0.8g root-inducing powder, backfill again after mix homogeneously.The microenvironment produced around the host plant of bacterium is carried out transformation short numerous after, have and the plant originally not producing bacterium about carried out the special short numerous process of woodland microenvironment transformation, keep originating in bacterium point is sustainable produce bacterium while,
Alternately, truffles of the present invention is any one in China truffles, tuber indicum, Europe Tube aestivum Vitt. and Europe black truffle.
Alternately, described host plant is pinus yunnanensis faranch, Pinus armandi Franch-P. Komavovii Lavl., at least one in the common truffles host plant such as Corylus yunnanensis or oak class.
All features disclosed in this specification, or the step in disclosed all methods or process, except mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can combine by any way.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention is by backfill after being smashed to pieces by the soil dug out, and the strain that one side is remaining in soil is continued flourish, is that surface soil keeps loose raising breathability on the other hand, also helps newborn truffles and grow, improve the lasting output capacity of truffles.Truffles can be greatly enhanced and produce the some continuation probability of output truffles, quality and quantity after digging a year.After backfill, the growing point of 99% can produce truffles in next year, is conducive to determining the truffles output point in the coming year, it is to avoid blindly disorderly digs.The method has wide market prospect, and the sustainable use exploitation of truffles resource is significant.
Detailed description of the invention:
The foregoing of the present invention is described in further detail by detailed description of the invention by the following examples again.But this should not being interpreted as, the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to Examples below.Any amendment made within without departing from the spirit and principles in the present invention, and the equivalent replacement made according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means or improvement, all should include in protection scope of the present invention.Strain in following example can be each truffles producing bacterium point previous year output, it is also possible to be gather from Mianning County in Liangshan Prefecture and Huidong County China truffles and tuber indicum or derive from the European Tube aestivum Vitt. of Turin, Italy and European black truffle.Those skilled in the art also can select the raw material in other sources flexibly.
Embodiment 1
The selection of truffles woods
In territory, truffles normal region, height above sea level 1500-2900m, half cloudy half light hillside fields, the Pinus Yunnanensis Forest of canopy density about 0.65, Pinus armandii mixed forest, pinus yunnanensis faranch-oak class woods, produces the truffles standing forest of China truffles or tuber indicum for many years continuously, concentrates that sheet of to abound with district better.
The acquisition mode of truffles
The mature period and mid-November-Second Year February during, use platelet hoe to excavate, excavate and destroys growing point as far as possible less, with good conditionsi can searching in truffles woods with the Canis familiaris L. that trained produces bacterium point.
The time of the transformation of microhabitat
The mycorhiza system producing truffles is all growing the whole year, generally mushroom out in rainy season, sporophore is approximately in and initially forms July, July-November grows up gradually, maturation is started to mid-November, selecting a growth cycle is best time when finishing, thus be usually chosen in mid-November-December between truffles excavate season, select the growing point dug.
The short numerous process of woodland microenvironment transformation
After selecting collection truffles, the truffles through digging produces point (select 100 to produce and a little carry out parallel laboratory test), produce centered by host plant a little by this, in the scope that diameter is 1.0-1.5m, first root out the weeds on surface, severity control is at 0.2-0.3m, as backfilling earthen backfill within the scope of this after then being smashed to pieces gently by the soil dug out.
Again arriving corresponding truffles after backfilling 1 year to produce and a little excavate, a statistics truffles produces kames quality and quantity a little.
Statistical result showed: after the short numerous process of woodland microenvironment transformation, the growing point of 99% can produce truffles in next year, and average each growing point produces 4.4 kameses, the sporophore weight 69.7 grams that average each growing point produces；Without the growing point of transformation, only have 33% can produce truffles, and be that an average growing point only has 0.5 sporophore, the sporophore weight 3.5 grams that average each growing point produces.
Embodiment 2:
The short numerous processing method of woodland microenvironment transformation described in embodiment 1, by the severity control of described backfill soil at 0.2-0.3m, and keeps the rarefaction backfilling soil, backfill region is protected from people and animals and repeatedly tramples on.
Result shows: the growing point of 99% can produce truffles in next year, and the kames number that average each growing point produces is 4.5, and weight is 71.6 grams, all increases relative to embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
The short numerous processing method of woodland microenvironment transformation described in embodiment 1, described backfill soil adds the water-retaining agent absorbing large quantity of moisture, backfill again after mix homogeneously, each quality producing the water-retaining agent that bacterium point adds is the quality before 200-300g(water suction) (being divided into 5 groups by the addition of water-retaining agent: 200g, 240g, 260g, 280g, 300g, often corresponding 20 of group produces bacterium point).
Result shows: the growing point of 99% can produce truffles in next year, and the kames number that average each growing point produces is 4.7, and weight is 75.9 grams.Wherein add 260g water-retaining agent the average data of experimental group be all remarkably higher than other groups.The weight to sporophore output number and single sporophore that adds of water-retaining agent all increases.
Embodiment 4:
The short numerous processing method of woodland microenvironment transformation described in embodiment 1, adds 40-60g truffles strain in described backfill soil, backfills after mix homogeneously again.(being divided into 5 groups by the addition of strain: 40g, 45g, 50g, 55g, 60g, often corresponding 20 of group produces bacterium point).Described truffles strain beater is added sterilized water and breaks into even-grained slurry.
Result shows: the growing point of 100% can produce truffles in next year, and the kames number that average each growing point produces is 5.9, and weight is 82.6 grams.The average data of the experimental group wherein adding 50g strain is all remarkably higher than other groups.The visible output number that can dramatically increase kames by adding strain, but the increase of single kames weight is inconspicuous.
Embodiment 5:
The woodland microenvironment short numerous processing method of transformation described in embodiment 1, be backfill soil by described backfill soil according to volume ratio: Vermiculitum: the ratio of river sand=1:1:1 adds Vermiculitum and river sand mixes, and adds the Calx accounting for gross weight 3%, backfills after mix homogeneously again.
Result shows: the growing point of 99% can produce truffles in next year, and the kames number that average each growing point produces is 5.1, and weight is 81.9 grams.The average data of the experimental group wherein adding 50g strain is all remarkably higher than other groups.The visible output number that both can dramatically increase kames by improving backfill soil, it is also possible to increase the weight of single kames.
Embodiment 6:
The short numerous processing method of woodland microenvironment transformation described in embodiment 1, it be backfill soil by described backfill soil according to volume ratio: Vermiculitum: the ratio of river sand=1:1:1 adds Vermiculitum and river sand mixes, add the Calx accounting for gross weight 3%, it is subsequently adding 50g truffles strain, 260g water-retaining agent, 0.8g root-inducing powder, backfills after mix homogeneously again.Described truffles strain first adds sterilized water making beating with beater, the truffles slurry after uniformly making beating and root-inducing powder and the water-retaining agent of sending out well water is mixed and then constantly adds sterilized water, until the water absorbing capacity that water-retaining agent reaches capacity, then with backfill native mixing.
Result shows: the growing point of 100% can produce truffles in next year, and the kames number that average each growing point produces is 6.1, and weight is 100.6 grams.The visible complex optimum by each backfill condition, the output number of kames and the weight of single kames are obtained for further improvement.
Embodiment 7:
After the woodland microenvironment described in embodiment 1 transforms short numerous disposal methods, again using the healthy growth within described host plant 10m but there is no the plant of truffles output as new center, by diameter 1.0-1.5m about, the weeds on the surface within the scope of degree of depth 0.2-0.3m are rooted out, then the soil within the scope of this is dug, as backfill soil after the soil dug out is smashed to pieces gently, it be backfill soil by described backfill soil according to volume ratio: Vermiculitum: the ratio of river sand=1:1:1 adds Vermiculitum and river sand mixes, add the Calx accounting for gross weight 3%, it is subsequently adding 50g truffles strain, 260g water-retaining agent, 0.8g root-inducing powder, backfill again after mix homogeneously.
Result shows: in the plant of upper 1 year non-output truffles, has the plant of 95% can produce truffles in next year, and the kames number that average each growing point produces is 4.8, and weight is 72.5 grams.Adopting described method can be that truffles output point is restored and increases.
Embodiment 8:
In above-described embodiment 1-7, backfill soil is changed into the mixing backfill soil (peat soil mass percent in mixing backfill soil controls 5 ~ 20%) adding a small amount of peat soil, the number that can make the kames that each growing point produces increases by 1 ~ 2%, makes the growth by 3 ~ 7% of the weight of single kames.
Embodiment 9:
In above-described embodiment 1-7, after adopting the described woodland microenvironment short numerous disposal methods of transformation 1 year, after the truffles of new output is excavated, continue the transformation of woodland microenvironment short numerous, substantially can produce bacterium point at one and realize lasting product bacterium.
If in the various embodiments described above, truffles is retained after First Year recovers, do not excavate, this growing point of Second Year has more truffles when excavating than at first and produces, namely excavate relative to after recovering 1 year, excavate again after recovering 2 years, the growth of the number of the kames that average each growing point produces and the weight of single kames is all more than 10%, by the convalescent period of 2 years, it is more beneficial for sustainable, the high-quality exploitation of truffles, it might even be possible to several years ago realizing being incremented by of yield.
In order to pursue the balance of Sustainable Exploitation and output efficiency, it is also possible to adopt recover within 1 year and 2 years, hocket mode carries out continuable exploitation.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be merely illustrative for the purpose of the present invention, and nonrestrictive；Those of ordinary skill in the art understand, and it can be carried out many changes in the spirit and scope that the claims in the present invention limit, amendment, and even equivalence is changed, but falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of truffles, it is characterized in that, after selecting collection truffles, the truffles through digging is produced a little, produce centered by host plant a little by this, in the scope that diameter is 1-1.5m, first root out the weeds on surface, then as backfill soil after the soil dug out being smashed to pieces gently, it be backfill soil by described backfill soil according to volume ratio: Vermiculitum: the ratio of river sand=1:1:1 adds Vermiculitum and river sand mixes, add the Calx accounting for gross weight 3%, be backfilling into again within the scope of this after mix homogeneously.
2. the short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of truffles according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the severity control of described backfill soil is at 0.2-0.3m, and keeps the rarefaction of backfill soil.
3. the short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of truffles according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that add the water-retaining agent being filled water in described backfill soil, backfill again after mix homogeneously.
4. the short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of truffles according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that adding truffles strain in described backfill soil, strain amount controls, at every strain host plant 40-60g, to backfill after mix homogeneously again.
5. the short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of truffles according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, adding a small amount of peat soil in described backfill soil, constitute mixing backfill soil and backfill after mix homogeneously, described peat soil mass percent in mixing backfill soil controls below 20%.
6. the short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of truffles according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, by described backfill soil according to volume ratio it is, backfill soil: Vermiculitum: the ratio of river sand=1:1:1 adds Vermiculitum and river sand mixing, add the Calx accounting for gross weight 3%, be subsequently adding 50g truffles strain, 260g water-retaining agent, 0.8g root-inducing powder, backfills after mix homogeneously again.
7. the short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of truffles according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described truffles strain first adds sterilized water making beating with beater, truffles slurry after uniformly making beating and root-inducing powder and the water-retaining agent of sending out water good are mixed and then constantly adds sterilized water, until the water absorbing capacity that water-retaining agent reaches capacity, then mix with backfill soil.
8. the short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of truffles according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, retain the truffles newly grown in backfill in latter 1 year, do not excavate, excavated again after 1 year, and after excavating, repeat the short numerous operation of described woodland microenvironment transformation.
9. the short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of truffles according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that after described backfilling operation, the truffles newly grown can be excavated by next year, and repeats the short numerous operation of described woodland microenvironment transformation after excavating.
10. the short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of truffles according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, again to grow into tree within described host plant 10m, but there is no the host plant of truffles output as new center, the weeds on the surface within the scope of diameter 1.0-1.5m about are rooted out, then the soil within the scope of this is dug, deep 0.2-0.3m, as backfill soil after the soil dug out is smashed to pieces gently, it be backfill soil by described backfill soil according to volume ratio: Vermiculitum: the ratio of river sand=1:1:1 adds Vermiculitum and river sand mixes, add the Calx accounting for gross weight 3%, it is subsequently adding 50g truffles strain, 260g water-retaining agent, 0.8g root-inducing powder, backfill again after mix homogeneously.
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| CN104206171A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-17 | 达州市农业科学研究所 | Activity keeping agent and application and preparation method thereof and wild propagation method for wild edible mushrooms |
| CN108713448A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-10-30 | 会东县生产力促进中心 | Restore and set greatly inoculation method in a kind of truffle bacterium pool |
| CN108934768B (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-11-24 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Black spore truffle inoculation microbial inoculum, treatment method thereof and mycorrhiza cultivation method |
| CN113068566A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-06 | 云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所 | Truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection restoration method |
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