CN113068566A - Truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection restoration method - Google Patents
Truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113068566A CN113068566A CN202110347025.9A CN202110347025A CN113068566A CN 113068566 A CN113068566 A CN 113068566A CN 202110347025 A CN202110347025 A CN 202110347025A CN 113068566 A CN113068566 A CN 113068566A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of precious wild edible fungus resource protection and development and utilization, and discloses a truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection restoration method, which comprises the following steps: under the support of ecological big data of a wild truffle pond, measuring the physicochemical property of soil of the truffle pond damaged by excessive excavation and the mating type proportion of mycorrhiza; according to the measurement result, preparing a fungus pond soil improvement matrix, applying the fungus pond soil improvement matrix to the fungus pond soil in 11 months to 2 months in the next year, accurately improving the physicochemical property of the fungus pond soil, assisting in adjusting the thickness of vegetation and surface humus in a fungus pond area, repairing the ecological environment of growth of truffles, and maintaining scientific management and timely harvesting. The method has the advantages of simplicity, easy learning, less investment, quick response, easy acceptance by managers or mushroom farmers, convenient popularization, wide application prospect, capability of improving economic benefit and ecological benefit of forest lands, and important promotion effect on practicing green water green mountains, namely the important scientific conclusion of Jinshan mountain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precious wild edible fungus resource protection, development and utilization, and particularly relates to a method for ecological restoration and resource management and protection recovery of a truffle pond.
Background
At present, truffle (Tuber spp.) is a precious underground wild edible fungus, and the nutrition mode of the truffle is symbiotic, namely the growth and development of the truffle must be combined with the root system of plants (such as Yunnan pine, Chinese pine, cercus robur, quercus nigrum and kawasabi, etc.) to form biological complex mycorrhiza. The mycorrhiza is combined with surrounding soil to form a fungus pond, and the fungus pond is a place for development and growth of truffles.
In recent years, due to unscientific over-excavation, a fungus pond of truffles is damaged, so that the yield of the truffles is sharply reduced, and the truffles in some areas face the danger of being endangered to be extinct. Therefore, a new method for ecological restoration and resource management and recovery of truffle ponds is needed to solve the current situation that the yield of the existing truffles is sharply reduced and even endangered to be extinct.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: due to unscientific over-excavation, the existing truffle pond is damaged, so that the yield of truffles is reduced sharply, and the truffles in some areas face the danger of being endangered to be extinct.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: and constructing a continuous breeding functional technical system of the truffle pond.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the truffle pond is repaired, the truffle yield is increased, the economic benefit is increased on the basis of ecological construction, and the development concept that the green water mountain is the Jinshan Yinshan is practiced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection recovery method, aiming at solving the current situation that the truffle yield is sharply reduced and even endangered to be extinct.
The invention is realized in such a way, and the method for ecological restoration and resource management and protection restoration of the truffle pond comprises the following steps: under the support of ecological big data of a wild truffle pond, measuring the physicochemical property of soil of the truffle pond damaged by excessive excavation and the mating type proportion of mycorrhiza; according to the measurement result, preparing a fungus pond soil improvement matrix, applying the fungus pond soil improvement matrix to the fungus pond soil in 11 months to 2 months in the next year, accurately improving the physicochemical property of the fungus pond soil, assisting in adjusting the thickness of vegetation and surface humus in a fungus pond area, repairing the ecological environment of growth of truffles, and maintaining scientific management and timely harvesting.
Further, the truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection recovery method comprises the following steps:
measuring the organic matter content of truffle pond soil;
measuring the pH value of the soil of the truffle pond;
determining the proportion of the mating type genes of the mycorrhiza truffles in the soil of the truffle pond;
measuring the canopy density of vegetation in the truffle pond area;
measuring the thickness of the surface humus layer of the truffle pond area;
adding fermented organic matters, slaked lime, limestone and truffle spore liquid to prepare a fungus pond repairing matrix;
regulating vegetation canopy density and surface humus thickness in the fungus pond area by utilizing a forestry tending policy;
step eight, uniformly mixing the prepared substrate with soil in a bacteria pond area;
step nine, according to the management and protection requirements, the grazing, the grabbing of pine hair and humus soil in the ecological restoration area of the truffle pond are forbidden;
step ten, harvesting properly by utilizing the trained truffle dog or the truffle pig.
The method is based on the habitat of a healthy wild truffle pond, the environment of the truffle pond is gradually restored, the continuous breeding capability of the truffle pond is recovered, and the sustainable utilization of resources is realized.
Further, in the step one, the measuring of the organic matter content of the truffle pond soil comprises:
and (3) measuring and calculating the organic fertilizer quantity required to be subjected to nest pile fermentation per square meter of the bacterial pond by taking the organic matter content of the bacterial pond soil as the standard of 15-20%.
Further, in the second step, the measuring the pH value of the truffle pond soil comprises:
and measuring and calculating the amount of limestone and hydrated lime required to be applied to each square meter of the bacterial pond by taking the soil pH value of 7.5 as a standard.
Further, in the third step, the determining the mating type gene ratio of the truffle mycorrhiza in the truffle pond soil comprises:
the spore fluid application was determined to be required based on 50% each of MAT1-1-1 and MAT 1-2-1.
Further, in the fourth step, the measuring the canopy density of the vegetation in the truffle pond area comprises:
regulating the degree of canopy by tending with the degree of canopy being 0.6-0.7 as the standard.
Further, in the fifth step, the measuring the thickness of the surface humus layer of the truffle pond area comprises:
and adjusting the thickness of the surface humus layer by nurturing according to the standard that the thickness of the surface humus layer is 3-5 cm.
The parameters of the invention regulate the temperature and moisture change of the surface soil, so that the growth and development of truffles are utilized.
And further, in the sixth step, according to the organic matter content, the pH value and the mating type gene proportion of truffle mycorrhiza of the truffle pond soil and the measurement results of the canopy density of vegetation in the truffle pond area and the thickness of the surface humus layer, precisely adding fermented organic matter, hydrated lime, limestone and truffle spore liquid to prepare the fungus pond repairing matrix.
Further, after the substrate is configured to be repaired by a fungus pond, the method also comprises the following steps:
spreading the prepared matrix on the area of the fungus pond and then uniformly mixing the matrix by using a rake or other means.
Further, in the tenth step, the timely harvesting comprises:
according to timely scientific collection, starting from winter and ending in severe cold, and collecting by using trained truffle dogs or truffle pigs.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the method for ecological restoration and resource management and protection restoration of the truffle pond can quickly restore the breeding function of the pond, improve the breeding activity of the truffle pond, obviously increase the yield and quality of truffles, increase the yield by 2-3 kilograms per mu of forest land on average and add value by 1000-1500 yuan. The experimental result shows that the technology is simple and easy to learn, has low investment and quick response, is easily accepted by managers or mushroom farmers, is convenient to popularize, has wide application prospect, can obviously improve the economic benefit and the ecological benefit of forest lands, and has an important promotion effect on the important scientific conclusion that the practice of green water mountain is the Jinshan mountain. Under the support of ecological big data of a wild truffle pond, the invention utilizes a soil testing formula principle and a method, takes the damaged truffle pond as a technical falling point, accurately improves the soil physicochemical property of the truffle pond, is assisted with scientific management and protection, restores the ecological environment of the truffle pond, quickly recovers the breeding function of the truffle pond, keeps harvesting in time, improves the yield and quality of the truffle, and realizes the win-win development of economic benefit and ecological benefit.
By applying the technology, the physicochemical property of the soil of the wild truffle pond is measured under the support of big data of the physicochemical property of the soil of the wild truffle pond, then the soil improvement matrix of the wild truffle pond is prepared according to the measurement result, and the soil improvement matrix is applied to the soil of the wild truffle pond in the period from 11 months to 2 months in the coming year so as to accurately improve the physicochemical property of the soil of the wild truffle pond, and meanwhile, the thickness of vegetation and surface humus layers in the soil pond area is adjusted, the ecological environment for development of truffles is restored, scientific management and timely collection are carried out, the truffle pond is guaranteed not to be damaged any more, resources are recovered continuously, and the yield and the quality of truffles are obviously increased.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and maintenance recovery method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for restoring the ecology of a truffle pond and managing and protecting resources, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection recovery method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: under the support of ecological big data of a wild truffle pond, measuring the physicochemical property of soil of the truffle pond damaged by excessive excavation and the mating type proportion of mycorrhiza; according to the measurement result, preparing a fungus pond soil improvement matrix, applying the fungus pond soil improvement matrix to the fungus pond soil in 11 months to 2 months in the next year, accurately improving the physicochemical property of the fungus pond soil, assisting in adjusting the thickness of vegetation and surface humus in a fungus pond area, repairing the ecological environment of growth of truffles, and maintaining scientific management and timely harvesting.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for restoring the truffle pond ecology and restoring resource management and protection provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101, measuring the organic matter content of truffle pond soil;
s102, measuring the pH value of the truffle pond soil;
s103, determining the proportion of the truffle root mating type genes in the truffle pond soil;
s104, measuring the canopy density of vegetation in a truffle pond area;
s105, measuring the thickness of the surface humus layer of the truffle pond area;
s106, adding fermented organic matters, slaked lime, limestone and truffle spore liquid to prepare a fungus pond repairing matrix;
s107, adjusting vegetation canopy density and surface humus thickness in the fungus pond area by utilizing a forestry tending policy;
s108, uniformly mixing the prepared matrix with soil in a bacteria pond area;
s109, according to the management and protection requirements, grazing, grabbing pine hair and humus soil in a truffle pond ecological restoration area are forbidden;
and S110, harvesting the trained truffle dog or truffle pig at a proper time.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
In order to restore the ecology of the bacterium pond and restore the truffle resources as soon as possible and realize the sustainable utilization of the resources, the research and development of the ecological restoration and resource restoration technology of the truffle pond are carried out by the biotechnology and germplasm resource research institute of the academy of agricultural sciences of Yunnan province. Under the support of big data of the physicochemical properties of wild truffle pond soil, the physicochemical properties of the truffle pond soil damaged by excessive excavation are measured, then a soil improvement matrix of the truffle pond is prepared according to the measurement result, and the soil improvement matrix is applied to the truffle pond soil from 11 months to 2 months in the coming year so as to achieve the purpose of accurately improving the physicochemical properties of the truffle pond soil, meanwhile, the vegetation closure degree and the surface humus layer thickness in the truffle pond area are adjusted, the ecological environment for truffle development is repaired, scientific management and protection are added, timely harvesting is carried out, the truffle pond is guaranteed not to be damaged any more, the continuous recovery of resources is realized, and the yield and the quality of truffles are obviously increased. The experimental result shows that the technology is simple and easy to learn, has low investment and quick response, is easily accepted by managers or mushroom farmers, is convenient to popularize, has wide application prospect, and has an important promotion effect on the important scientific conclusion that the practice of green water mountain is the Jinshan mountain.
Aiming at the current situation that the truffle yield is sharply reduced and even endangers extinction, the invention aims to provide a truffle pond ecological restoration and resource recovery technology, which can quickly recover the breeding function of a truffle pond, obviously increase the yield and the quality of truffles, increase the yield by 2-3 kilograms per mu of forest land on average and add the value by 1000-1500 yuan. The experimental results show that the technology is simple and easy to learn, has low investment, quick response, easy acceptance by managers or mushroom farmers, convenient popularization and wide application prospect, and can obviously improve the economic benefit and the ecological benefit of the forest land.
Under the support of ecological big data of a wild truffle pond, the physicochemical property of soil of the truffle pond damaged by excessive excavation and the mating type proportion of mycorrhiza are measured, then a soil improvement matrix of the truffle pond is prepared according to the measurement result, and the soil improvement matrix is applied to the soil of the truffle pond from 11 months to 2 months in the next year so as to accurately improve the physicochemical property of the soil of the truffle pond, meanwhile, the thickness of vegetation and surface humus layers in the truffle pond area is adjusted, the ecological environment for development of truffle is restored, scientific management and timely harvesting are maintained, the truffle pond is guaranteed not to be damaged any more, resources are recovered continuously, and the yield and the quality of the truffle are obviously increased.
Measuring the organic matter content of the truffle pond soil, and calculating the organic fertilizer quantity needing nest pile fermentation per square meter of the pond by taking the organic matter content of the truffle pond soil as the standard of 15-20%.
And measuring the pH value of the soil of the truffle bacterial pond, and measuring and calculating the amount of limestone and hydrated lime required to be applied to each square meter of bacterial pond by taking the pH value of the soil as 7.5 as a standard.
And (3) measuring the mating type gene proportion of truffle mycorrhiza in the truffle pond soil, and determining whether spore liquid needs to be applied or not by taking 50% of MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 as standards.
And measuring the canopy closure degree of vegetation in the truffle pond area, and adjusting the canopy closure degree by nurturing with the canopy closure degree of 0.6-0.7 as a standard.
And measuring the thickness of the surface humus layer in the truffle pond area, and adjusting the thickness of the surface humus layer by nurturing according to the standard that the thickness of the surface humus layer is 3-5 cm.
And accurately adding fermented organic matters, slaked lime, limestone and truffle spore liquid according to the measurement result to prepare the fungus pond repairing matrix.
Spreading the prepared matrix on the area of the fungus pond and then uniformly mixing the matrix by using a rake or other means.
According to the management and protection requirements, grazing, pine hair grabbing and humus soil are forbidden to be carried out in an ecological restoration area of a truffle pond so as to avoid damaging the habitat of the truffle pond.
According to timely scientific collection, the method starts from winter and ends in severe cold, and a trained truffle dog or a truffle pig is used for collection so as to avoid damaging a bacterial pond.
By applying the technology, the breeding activity of the truffle pond is improved, the yield and the quality of truffles are obviously increased, the yield of each mu of forest land is increased by about 2-3 kilograms on average, and the value is increased by about 1000-1500 yuan. Under the support of big data of the physicochemical properties of the soil of a wild truffle pond, the physicochemical properties of the soil of the truffle pond damaged by excessive excavation are measured, then a soil improvement matrix of the truffle pond is prepared according to the measurement result, and the soil improvement matrix is applied to the soil of the truffle pond from 11 months to 2 months of the coming year in the current year so as to accurately improve the physicochemical properties of the soil of the truffle pond, meanwhile, the thickness of vegetation and ground surface humus layers in the truffle pond area is adjusted, the ecological environment for development of the truffle is repaired, scientific management and timely harvesting are supported, the truffle pond is guaranteed not to be damaged any more, resources are continuously recovered, and the yield and the quality of the truffle. The experimental result shows that the technology is simple and easy to learn, has low investment and quick response, is easily accepted by managers or mushroom farmers, is convenient to popularize, has wide application prospect, and has an important promotion effect on the important scientific conclusion that the practice of green water mountain is the Jinshan mountain.
Comparison: the site is in a city, county, city, Qujing, Yunnan province, the landform is a typical stony desertification landform, and the pH value of the soil is 6.8; the elevation of the experimental area is 2260 m; the main tree species is Pinus armandi, and the area of the contrast forest land is 3 mu. In 2016, 12 months, investigation is carried out on the yield of truffles in a demonstration forest land and the background condition of soil pH, the Pinus armandi forest is a forest land capable of growing truffles, the growth environment of the truffles is seriously damaged due to disorderly digging for many years, tree roots are naked, and 7 truffles are found, and the weight of the truffles is 215 g. In 2017 and 2020, the technology is not applied for management.
And (3) treatment: the site is in a city, county, city, Qujing, Yunnan province, the landform is a typical stony desertification landform, and the pH value of the soil is 6.8; the elevation of the experimental area is 2260 m; the main tree species is Pinus armandi, and the area of the treated area is 3 mu. In 2016, 12 months, the yield of truffles in a demonstration forest land and the background condition of soil pH are investigated, the Pinus armandi forest is a forest land capable of growing truffles, the growth environment of the truffles is seriously damaged due to disordered digging for many years, tree roots are naked, and 6 truffles are found, and the weight of the truffles is 205 g. In 2017 and 2020, the method is applied to ecological restoration of the truffle pond and resource management and protection recovery.
The experimental results are as follows: in the year of 2017 and 2020, 210 g of truffles are harvested in the control area year, 400 yuan per kg, and 88 yuan is harvested; and collecting 230 truffles in the treatment area, wherein the mass of the truffles is 12 kilograms, and each kilogram of the truffles is 550 yuan, and the truffles are harvested for 6600 yuan.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps: under the support of ecological big data of a wild truffle pond, measuring the physicochemical property of soil of the truffle pond damaged by excessive excavation and the mating type proportion of mycorrhiza; according to the measurement result, preparing a fungus pond soil improvement matrix, applying the fungus pond soil improvement matrix to fungus pond soil in 11 months to 2 months in the next year, improving the physicochemical property of the fungus pond soil, assisting in adjusting the thickness of vegetation and surface humus layers in a fungus pond area, repairing the ecological environment of growth of truffles, and maintaining scientific management and timely harvesting.
2. The truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection restoration method comprises the following steps:
measuring the organic matter content of truffle pond soil;
measuring the pH value of the soil of the truffle pond;
determining the proportion of the mating type genes of the mycorrhiza truffles in the soil of the truffle pond;
measuring the canopy density of vegetation in the truffle pond area;
measuring the thickness of the surface humus layer of the truffle pond area;
adding fermented organic matters, slaked lime, limestone and truffle spore liquid to prepare a fungus pond repairing matrix;
regulating vegetation canopy density and surface humus thickness in the fungus pond area by utilizing a forestry tending policy;
step eight, uniformly mixing the prepared substrate with soil in a bacteria pond area;
step nine, according to the management and protection requirements, the grazing, the grabbing of pine hair and humus soil in the ecological restoration area of the truffle pond are forbidden;
step ten, harvesting properly by utilizing the trained truffle dog or the truffle pig.
3. The method for restoring ecology and managing and protecting resources of a fungus pond in a block according to claim 2, wherein in the first step, the measuring of the organic matter content of the soil of the fungus pond in the block comprises: and (3) measuring and calculating the organic fertilizer quantity required to be subjected to nest pile fermentation per square meter of the bacterial pond by taking the organic matter content of the bacterial pond soil as the standard of 15-20%.
4. The truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection recovery method according to claim 2, wherein in the second step, the measuring the pH value of the soil of the truffle pond comprises: and measuring and calculating the amount of limestone and hydrated lime required to be applied to each square meter of the bacterial pond by taking the soil pH value of 7.5 as a standard.
5. The truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection recovery method according to claim 2, wherein in step three, the determining of the mating type gene ratio of the truffle roots in the truffle pond soil comprises the following steps: the spore fluid application was determined to be required based on 50% each of MAT1-1-1 and MAT 1-2-1.
6. The truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection recovery method according to claim 2, wherein in step four, the measuring the canopy density of vegetation in the truffle pond area comprises: regulating the degree of canopy by tending with the degree of canopy being 0.6-0.7 as the standard.
7. The truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection recovery method according to claim 2, wherein in the fifth step, the step of measuring the thickness of the surface humus layer of the truffle pond area comprises the following steps: and adjusting the thickness of the surface humus layer by nurturing according to the standard that the thickness of the surface humus layer is 3-5 cm.
8. The truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection restoration method according to claim 2, wherein in the sixth step, fermented organic matter, hydrated lime, limestone and truffle spore liquid are accurately added according to the organic matter content, the pH value and the mating type gene proportion of the truffle mycorrhiza of the truffle pond soil and the measurement results of the canopy density of vegetation in the truffle pond area and the thickness of the ground surface humus layer to prepare the truffle pond restoration matrix.
9. The truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection restoration method according to claim 8, wherein after being configured into a pond restoration matrix, the method further comprises the following steps: spreading the prepared matrix on the area of the fungus pond and then uniformly mixing the matrix by using a rake or other means.
10. The truffle pond ecological restoration and resource management and protection recovery method according to claim 2, wherein in the tenth step, the timely harvesting comprises the following steps: according to timely scientific collection, starting from winter and ending in severe cold, and collecting by using trained truffle dogs or truffle pigs.
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| CN103733884A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-04-23 | 攀枝花市丰盛源农林开发有限公司 | Woodland microenvironment reform propagation promoting method of truffles |
| CN110583359A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-12-20 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Truffle in-situ tending microbial inoculum and preparation and use method thereof |
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