CN103733884A - Woodland microenvironment reform propagation promoting method of truffles - Google Patents

Woodland microenvironment reform propagation promoting method of truffles Download PDF

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CN103733884A
CN103733884A CN201410013496.6A CN201410013496A CN103733884A CN 103733884 A CN103733884 A CN 103733884A CN 201410013496 A CN201410013496 A CN 201410013496A CN 103733884 A CN103733884 A CN 103733884A
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ferfas
microenvironment
woodland
backfill
soil
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CN103733884B (en
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林强
简体平
冉晓潇
简瑕
简维忠
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PANZHIHUA FENGSHENGYUAN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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PANZHIHUA FENGSHENGYUAN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a woodland microenvironment reform propagation promoting method of truffles. The method specifically includes: selecting a truffle originating position which is dug after the truffles are gathered; uprooting weeds on the surface of an area with a diameter of 1-1.5m and with a host plant on the originating position as a center firstly; then gently pounding soil which is dug out and finally using the soil as backfill soil to backfill the area. The woodland microenvironment reform propagation promoting method of the truffles has wide market prospect, and has great significance for sustainable utilization and exploitation of truffle resources.

Description

The short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of ferfas
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation field of planting of ferfas, relate to the short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of a kind of ferfas.
Technical background
Ferfas (Truffle), is subordinate to Ascomycotina (Ascomycotina) on taxonomy, Tuberale (Tuberales), and Tuberaceae (Tuberaceae), Tuber ( tubermicheli: F. H. Wigg.).The business ferfas of China is mainly distributed in Sichuan, the Yunnan Province of southwest, starts to develop more than 150 ton of annual output, maximum output,, about 300 tons in 2002 at the mid-80.China is the maximum country of origin of natural business ferfas, becomes second distribution center of world commerce ferfas.
The growth of ferfas must be set up symbiotic relation with suitable host plant root system, and artificial cultivation ferfas need to pass through mycorrhiza fungi seeding cultivating, then builds ferfas woods and carries out.The domestic existing successfully report of cultivation of ferfas, the cycle all needs 5-7 conventionally, very very long.Domestic natural ferfas is since 1985 find, be progressively that place of production common people are cognitive, and continue to have developed more than 20 year, owing to lacking relevant laws and regulations restriction, the collection of ferfas belongs to unordered state completely, and the mode of exploitation is very original, boundless and indistinct aimless excavation, causes water and soil loss, and the original excavation mode of rough predation formula causes ferfas resource and output to fall sharply, in recent years ferfas producing region, all reports that resource is close to exhaustion.Therefore, the protectiveness collection of resource becomes the continuable key of ferfas industry.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, inventor finds through long-term research, the growing point of ferfas, temperature, illumination, humidity, water content are all very special, each ferfas production is the result of natural selection, can not vary widely in a short time, conventionally not have can produce continuously a lot of years in the situation of artificial destruction.Producing a little of artificial destruction, if recovered should be able to be in a short time output ferfas again, have not yet to see the report of the short propagating technology of woodland microenvironment transformation, the present invention proposes a kind of microenvironment transformation, the method for the short numerous ferfas of woodland.There are wide market prospects, the sustainable use exploitation of ferfas resource is significant.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The short breeding method of woodland microenvironment transformation of ferfas, selecting to gather ferfas produces a little by the ferfas digging, centered by this produces host plant a little, in the scope that is 1.0-1.5m at diameter, first root out surperficial weeds, then the soil digging out is smashed to pieces gently rear within the scope of backfill soil is backfilling into this.By smashing the soil digging out to pieces rear backfill, be that bacterial classification remaining in soil is continued breeding growth on the one hand, be surface soil keeps the loose gas permeability that improves on the other hand, also help newborn ferfas and grow, improve the lasting output capacity of ferfas.
As optional mode, the severity control of described backfill soil is at 0.2-0.3m, and keeps the rarefaction of backfill soil.By controlling the degree of depth of backfill soil, can in the situation that not damaging host's root system, guarantee that host's surrounding soil microenvironment has enough gas permeabilities, and be convenient to newborn ferfas output.
As optional mode, in described backfill soil, add the water-loss reducer that has absorbed large quantity of moisture, backfill again after mixing.By sneak into a small amount of water-loss reducer in described backfill soil, improve the function that backfill soil keeps moisture, can absorb storage moisture rainy season, and can adsorb ferfas spore, by rain drop erosion, do not run off, during dry season, slowly discharge the ferfas required moisture of growing, promote waterlogging-resistant drought-resistant ability simultaneously.As optional mode, the addition of described water-loss reducer is the quality before 200-300g(water suction).
As optional mode, in described backfill soil, add ferfas bacterial classification, bacterial classification amount is controlled at every strain host plant 40-60g, backfill again after mixing.By people, for adding a small amount of bacterial classification, improve the output capacity of ferfas, substantially realize sustainable output.As optional mode, described ferfas bacterial classification is added to sterile water with beater and break into even-grained slurry, ferfas is evenly pulled an oar and facilitates on the one hand it in backfill soil, fully to disperse, simultaneously more favourable infection tree root generates mycorhiza system.
As optional mode, can also according to volume ratio, be backfill soil by described backfill soil: the ratio of vermiculite: river sand=1:1:1 adds vermiculite and river sand to mix, then adds the lime that accounts for gross weight 3%, backfill again after mixing.Further improve the combination property of backfill soil, make it have more suitably gas permeability and sponginess, be conducive to ferfas output.In addition, lime add the pH value that is conducive to regulate soil, thereby suppress the growth of miscellaneous bacteria.
As optional mode, by described backfill soil, according to volume ratio, be backfill soil: the ratio of vermiculite: river sand=1:1:1 adds vermiculite and river sand to mix, then adds the lime that accounts for gross weight 3%, then add 50g ferfas bacterial classification, 260g water-loss reducer, 0.8g root-inducing powder, backfill again after mixing.
As optional mode, described ferfas bacterial classification first adds sterile water making beating with beater, ferfas slurry and root-inducing powder after even making beating are mixed and then constantly add sterile water with the water-loss reducer of sending out water good, until the water absorbing capacity that water-loss reducer reaches capacity, then mix with backfill soil.
As optional mode, in described backfill soil, add a small amount of peat soil, mix rear formation and mix backfill soil backfill again, the mass percent of described peat soil in mixing backfill soil is controlled at below 20%.Utilize humus abundant in peat soil to provide a large amount of nutrition for the growth of ferfas and the sapling especially growth of tree root.
As optional mode, after backfill, in 1 year, retain the ferfas newly growing, do not excavate, after 1 year, excavate again, and after excavating, repeat the short numerous operation of described woodland microenvironment transformation.The mode of excavating for 1 year by interval is recovered woodland microenvironment more fully, can realize better the effect of sustainable collection ferfas.
As optional mode, after described backfilling operation, next year can excavate the ferfas newly growing, and after excavating, repeats the short numerous operation of described woodland microenvironment transformation.Next year after the transformation of woodland microenvironment is short numerous directly excavates in schemes more of the present invention (as the scheme that adopts vermiculite, river sand lime to improve backfill soil), also can realize sustainable output ferfas, and it is stable that output keeps.
As optional mode, with the described host plant 10m of distance, using interior healthy growth but there is no the plant (can be used as host's plant) of ferfas output as Xin center again, surperficial weeds within the scope of diameter 1.0-1.5m around it are rooted out, then the soil within the scope of this is dug, severity control is at 0.2-0.3m, the soil digging out is smashed to pieces gently rear as backfill soil, by described backfill soil, according to volume ratio, be backfill soil: the ratio of vermiculite: river sand=1:1:1 adds vermiculite and river sand to mix, add again the lime that accounts for gross weight 3%, then add 50g ferfas bacterial classification, 260g water-loss reducer, 0.8g root-inducing powder, backfill again after mixing.To the host plant that produces bacterium microenvironment around transform short numerous after, have the plant that it is not produced to bacterium around originally to carry out the special short numerous processing of woodland microenvironment transformation, when keeping the original sustainable product of bacterium point bacterium,
As optional mode, ferfas of the present invention is any one in Chinese ferfas, India truffle, European summer truffle and European black truffle.
As optional mode, described host plant is pinus yunnanensis, Huashan pine, at least one in the common ferfas host plant such as Yunnan hazel or oak class.
Disclosed all features in this specification, or the step in disclosed all methods or process, except mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can combine by any way.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention, by smashing the soil digging out to pieces rear backfill, is that bacterial classification remaining in soil is continued breeding growth on the one hand, is that surface soil keeps the loose gas permeability that improves on the other hand, also helps newborn ferfas and grows, and improves the lasting output capacity of ferfas.Can greatly improve ferfas produces a little and is digging probability, the quality and quantity that continues afterwards output ferfas for a year.After backfill, 99% growing point can be produced ferfas in next year, is conducive to determine the ferfas output point in the coming year, avoids blindly disorderly digging.The method has wide market prospects, and the sustainable use exploitation of ferfas resource is significant.
embodiment:
Embodiment is by the following examples described in further detail foregoing of the present invention again.But this should be interpreted as to the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following example.Do not departing from any modification of making within the spirit and principles in the present invention, and being equal to of making according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means replace or improve, all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.Bacterial classification in following examples can be the ferfas that respectively produces bacterium point previous year output, can be also gather from Mianning County in Liangshan Prefecture and Huidong County China's ferfas and India truffle or derive from European summer truffle and the European black truffle of Turin, Italy.Those skilled in the art also can select the raw material in other sources flexibly.
Embodiment 1
The selection of ferfas woods
In territory, ferfas normal region, height above sea level 1500-2900m, half cloudy half light hillside fields, the Pinus Yunnanensis Forest of crown density about 0.65, Pinus armandii mixed forest, pinus yunnanensis-oak class woods, produces continuously the ferfas standing forest of Chinese ferfas or India truffle for many years, concentrates the in blocks district that abounds with better.
The acquisition mode of ferfas
During the mature period is mid-November-Second Year February, use platelet hoe to excavate, excavate and destroy less growing point as far as possible, with good conditionsily can in ferfas woods, find product bacterium point with the dog of having trained.
The time of the transformation of microhabitat
Producing the mycorhiza system of ferfas is all growing the whole year, conventionally in ramp in rainy season, fruit body starts to form about July greatly, grow up July-November gradually, to mid-November, start maturation, when selecting a growth cycle to finish, be the best time, so be conventionally chosen in ferfas between mid-November-December, excavate season, select the growing point digging.
The short numerous processing of woodland microenvironment transformation
Select to gather ferfas and produce point (select 100 produce a little carry out parallel laboratory test) by the ferfas digging, centered by this produces host plant a little, in the scope that is 1.0-1.5m at diameter, first root out surperficial weeds, severity control, at 0.2-0.3m, is then smashed the soil digging out to pieces rear within the scope of backfill soil is backfilling into this gently.
Backfill was again produced a little and is excavated to corresponding ferfas after 1 year, and a statistics ferfas is produced kames quality and quantity a little.
Statistical result showed: after the short numerous processing of woodland microenvironment transformation, 99% growing point can be produced ferfas in next year, and on average each growing point produces 4.4 kameses, 69.7 grams of the fruit body weight that on average each growing point produces; And there is no the growing point of transformation, only there is 33% the ferfas that can produce, and be that an average growing point only has 0.5 fruit body, 3.5 grams of the fruit body weight that on average each growing point produces.
Embodiment 2:
According to the short numerous processing method of the woodland microenvironment transformation described in embodiment 1, the severity control of described backfill soil, at 0.2-0.3m, and is kept to the rarefaction of backfill soil, backfill region is protected and avoided people and animals repeatedly to trample on.
Result shows: 99% growing point can be produced ferfas in next year, and the kames number that on average each growing point produces is 4.5, and weight is 71.6 grams, with respect to embodiment 1, all increases.
Embodiment 3:
According to the short numerous processing method of woodland microenvironment transformation described in embodiment 1, in described backfill soil, add the water-loss reducer that has absorbed large quantity of moisture, backfill again after mixing, the quality of the water-loss reducer that each product bacterium point adds is the quality before 200-300g(water suction) (by the addition of water-loss reducer, be divided into 5 groups: 200g, 240g, 260g, 280g, 300g, every group corresponding 20 are produced bacterium points).
Result shows: 99% growing point can be produced ferfas in next year, and the kames number that on average each growing point produces is 4.7, and weight is 75.9 grams.Wherein add 260g water-loss reducer the average data of experimental group be all significantly higher than other groups.Adding of water-loss reducer all increases to the weight of fruit body output number and single fruit body.
Embodiment 4:
The short numerous processing method of woodland microenvironment transformation according to described in embodiment 1 adds 40-60g ferfas bacterial classification, backfill again after mixing in described backfill soil.(by the addition of bacterial classification, be divided into 5 groups: 40g, 45g, 50g, 55g, 60g, every group corresponding 20 are produced bacterium point).Described ferfas bacterial classification is added to sterile water with beater and break into even-grained slurry.
Result shows: 100% growing point can be produced ferfas in next year, and the kames number that on average each growing point produces is 5.9, and weight is 82.6 grams.The average data of wherein adding the experimental group of 50g bacterial classification is all significantly higher than other groups.The visible output number that can significantly increase kames by adding bacterial classification, but the increase of single kames weight is not obvious.
Embodiment 5:
According to the short numerous processing method of woodland microenvironment transformation described in embodiment 1, by described backfill soil, according to volume ratio, be backfill soil: the ratio of vermiculite: river sand=1:1:1 adds vermiculite and river sand to mix, then adds the lime that accounts for gross weight 3%, backfill again after mixing.
Result shows: 99% growing point can be produced ferfas in next year, and the kames number that on average each growing point produces is 5.1, and weight is 81.9 grams.The average data of wherein adding the experimental group of 50g bacterial classification is all significantly higher than other groups.By improving backfill soil, both can significantly increase the output number of kames as seen, also can increase the weight of single kames.
Embodiment 6:
According to the short numerous processing method of woodland microenvironment transformation described in embodiment 1, by described backfill soil, according to volume ratio, be backfill soil: the ratio of vermiculite: river sand=1:1:1 adds vermiculite and river sand to mix, add again the lime that accounts for gross weight 3%, then add 50g ferfas bacterial classification, 260g water-loss reducer, 0.8g root-inducing powder, backfill again after mixing.Described ferfas bacterial classification first adds sterile water making beating with beater, and the ferfas slurry after even making beating and root-inducing powder are mixed and then constantly add sterile water with the water-loss reducer of sending out water good, until the water absorbing capacity that water-loss reducer reaches capacity, then mix with backfill soil.
Result shows: 100% growing point can be produced ferfas in next year, and the kames number that on average each growing point produces is 6.1, and weight is 100.6 grams.Visible by the complex optimum of each backfill condition, the output number of kames and the weight of single kames have all obtained further improvement.
Embodiment 7:
After the short numerous disposal methods of woodland microenvironment transformation according to described in embodiment 1, with the described host plant 10m of distance, using interior healthy growth but there is no the plant of ferfas output as Xin center again, by diameter 1.0-1.5m around it, surperficial weeds within the scope of degree of depth 0.2-0.3m are rooted out, then the soil within the scope of this is dug, the soil digging out is smashed to pieces gently rear as backfill soil, by described backfill soil, according to volume ratio, be backfill soil: the ratio of vermiculite: river sand=1:1:1 adds vermiculite and river sand to mix, add again the lime that accounts for gross weight 3%, then add 50g ferfas bacterial classification, 260g water-loss reducer, 0.8g root-inducing powder, backfill again after mixing.
Result shows: at upper 1 year not in the plant of output ferfas, have 95% plant to produce ferfas in next year, the kames number that on average each growing point produces is 4.8, and weight is 72.5 grams.Adopting described method can be that ferfas output point is restored and increases.
Embodiment 8:
In above-described embodiment 1-7, backfill soil is changed into the mixing backfill soil (mass percent of peat soil in mixing backfill soil is controlled at 5 ~ 20%) that has added a small amount of peat soil, can make the number of the kames of each growing point generation increase by 1 ~ 2%, make the growth by 3 ~ 7% of the weight of single kames.
Embodiment 9:
In above-described embodiment 1-7, after adopting the short numerous disposal methods of described woodland microenvironment transformation 1 year, after the ferfas of new output is excavated, continue the transformation of woodland microenvironment short numerously, substantially can produce bacterium point at one and realize lasting product bacterium.
If in the various embodiments described above, after recovering, First Year retains ferfas, do not excavate, this growing point of Second Year has more ferfas while excavating than at first and produces, with respect to recovery, after 1 year, excavate, recover to excavate again after 2 years, the number of kames that average each growing point produces and the growth of the weight of single kames are all more than 10%, by the convalescence of 2 years, more be conducive to sustainable, the high-quality exploitation of ferfas, even can several years ago realizing increasing progressively of output.
In order to pursue the balance of Sustainable Exploitation and output efficiency, can also adopt and recover within 1 year and 2 years, to hocket to such an extent that mode is carried out continuable exploitation.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is only illustrative for the purpose of the present invention, and nonrestrictive; Those of ordinary skills understand, and in the spirit and scope that limit, can carry out many changes to it in the claims in the present invention, revise, and even equivalence change, but all will fall into protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. breeding method is urged in the woodland microenvironment of ferfas transformation, it is characterized in that, selecting to gather ferfas produces a little by the ferfas digging, centered by this produces host plant a little, in the scope that is 1-1.5m at diameter, first root out surperficial weeds, then the soil digging out is smashed to pieces gently rear within the scope of backfill soil is backfilling into this.
2. the short breeding method of the woodland microenvironment of ferfas according to claim 1 transformation, is characterized in that, the severity control of described backfill soil is at 0.2-0.3m, and keeps the rarefaction of backfill soil.
3. the short breeding method of the woodland microenvironment of ferfas according to claim 1 and 2 transformation, is characterized in that, adds the water-loss reducer that is filled water, backfill again after mixing in described backfill soil.
4. the short breeding method of the woodland microenvironment of ferfas according to claim 1 and 2 transformation, is characterized in that, in described backfill soil, add ferfas bacterial classification, bacterial classification amount is controlled at every strain host plant 40-60g, backfill again after mixing.
5. breeding method is urged in the woodland microenvironment of ferfas according to claim 1 and 2 transformation, it is characterized in that, by described backfill soil, according to volume ratio, be backfill soil: the ratio of vermiculite: river sand=1:1:1 adds vermiculite and river sand to mix, then adds the lime that accounts for gross weight 3%, backfill again after mixing.
6. breeding method is urged in the woodland microenvironment of ferfas according to claim 1 and 2 transformation, it is characterized in that, by described backfill soil, according to volume ratio, be, the ratio of backfill soil: vermiculite: river sand=1:1:1 adds vermiculite and river sand to mix, add again the lime that accounts for gross weight 3%, then add 50g ferfas bacterial classification, 260g water-loss reducer, 0.8g root-inducing powder, backfill again after mixing.
7. breeding method is urged in the woodland microenvironment of ferfas according to claim 6 transformation, it is characterized in that, described ferfas bacterial classification first adds sterile water making beating with beater, ferfas slurry and root-inducing powder after even making beating are mixed and then constantly add sterile water with the water-loss reducer of sending out water good, until the water absorbing capacity that water-loss reducer reaches capacity, then mix with backfill soil.
8. breeding method is urged in the woodland microenvironment of ferfas according to claim 1 and 2 transformation, it is characterized in that, after backfill, in 1 year, retain the ferfas newly growing, do not excavate, after 1 year, excavate again, and after excavating, repeat the short numerous operation of described woodland microenvironment transformation.
9. the short breeding method of the woodland microenvironment of ferfas according to claim 1 and 2 transformation, is characterized in that, after described backfilling operation, next year can excavate the ferfas newly growing, and after excavating, repeats the short numerous operation of described woodland microenvironment transformation.
10. breeding method is urged in the woodland microenvironment of ferfas according to claim 1 transformation, it is characterized in that, again with distance described host plant 10m with the interior tree that grows into, but there is no the host plant of ferfas output as Xin center, surperficial weeds within the scope of diameter 1.0-1.5m around it are rooted out, then the soil within the scope of this is dug, dark 0.2-0.3m, the soil digging out is smashed to pieces gently rear as backfill soil, by described backfill soil, according to volume ratio, be backfill soil: the ratio of vermiculite: river sand=1:1:1 adds vermiculite and river sand to mix, add again the lime that accounts for gross weight 3%, then add 50g ferfas bacterial classification, 260g water-loss reducer, 0.8g root-inducing powder, backfill again after mixing.
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