CN103724345A - 一种合成吲哚类化合物的方法 - Google Patents

一种合成吲哚类化合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN103724345A
CN103724345A CN201310337281.5A CN201310337281A CN103724345A CN 103724345 A CN103724345 A CN 103724345A CN 201310337281 A CN201310337281 A CN 201310337281A CN 103724345 A CN103724345 A CN 103724345A
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鄢明
位文涛
张学景
聂少振
陈艳艳
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Sun Yat Sen University
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    • C07D471/00Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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Abstract

本发明提供一种合成吲哚类化合物的方法,该方法采用2-酰基-N,N-二取代苯胺为原料,在氮气保护下,加入一种碱,在溶剂中加热,即可以良好的产率得到吲哚类化合物。该方法原料易得、操作简便、反应时间短、反应产率高,对于吲哚类化合物的工业制备具有很高的实用价值。

Description

一种合成吲哚类化合物的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种合成吲哚类化合物的方法,属于有机合成领域。
背景技术
吲哚类化合物广泛应用于合成药物、农药和光电材料,其高效、低成本的合成方法具有重要的工业应用价值。目前工业上主要采用苯胺和乙二醇为原料合成吲哚,该方法存在反应温度高、使用的催化剂毒性较大、产物收率低等缺点(EP169436;WO8300691;US332838;CA150729)。吲哚类化合物也可通过邻位卤代的苯胺与末端炔,在过渡金属催化剂存在下发生偶联和环化反应得到(JOrg.Chem.2006,25,9403;Adv.Synth.Catal.2008,16,2498;Org.Biomol.Chem.2012,44,8835)。此外,以2-烯基苯胺为原料,通过光催化法也能合成吲哚类化合物(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2013,135,1823)。这些方法普遍存在着催化剂价格昂贵和产物中重金属残留问题,在工业生产中的应用受到很大限制。
本发明提供一种合成吲哚类化合物的新方法,该方法采用2-酰基-N,N-二取代苯胺为原料,在氮气保护下,加入一种碱,在溶剂中加热,即可以良好的产率得到吲哚类化合物。该方法原料易得、操作简便、反应时间短、反应产率高,对于吲哚类化合物的工业制备具有很高的实用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种合成吲哚类化合物的方法。
具体的技术方案如下:
采用式(II)所示的2-酰基-N,N-二取代苯胺为原料,在氮气保护下,加入一种碱,在溶剂中加热,得到式(I)所示的吲哚类化合物;所述的碱为叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇锂、甲醇钠;所述的溶剂为二氧六环、二甲基亚砜、N,N-甲基甲酰胺、N,N二甲基乙酰胺;所述的式(I)和式(II)结构的化合物如下:
Figure BSA0000093499130000011
其中:
R1代表氢、C1~C10烷基、苯基、甲基苯基、甲氧基苯基、氯代苯基、溴代苯基;
R2代表苯环上的单取代,取代基有氢、甲基、甲氧基、三氟甲基;
R3代表C1~C10烷基、苯基、甲基苯基、甲氧基苯基、氯代苯基、溴代苯基、苄基、甲氧基苄基、三氟甲基苄基、甲酰基、乙酰基、苯甲酰基;
R4代表苯基、甲基苯基、甲氧基苯基、三氟甲基苯基、氯代苯基、溴代苯基、萘基;
R3和R4也可与它们连接的碳原子和氮原子一起形成四氢异喹啉环,该环中的苯环上的碳原子可选择性的有单取代和双取代,取代基为甲氧基、甲基、氯、溴、三氟甲基。
优选地,所述的碱为叔丁醇钾。
优选地,所述的碱相对于式(II)所示的2-酰基-N,N-二取代苯胺的用量的摩尔比为3:1~0.2∶1,更优选为1.2∶1。
优选地,所述的溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
优选地,所述方法采用的反应温度为40~140℃,更优选为90℃。
优选地,所述方法的反应时间为0.5~24小时。
本发明所述的合成吲哚类化合物的方法,具有原料易得、操作简便、反应时间短、反应产率高的优点,对于吲哚类化合物的工业制备具有很高的实用价值。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述,但这些实施例不是对本发明的限制。
Figure BSA0000093499130000021
实施例1
Figure BSA0000093499130000022
在500mL圆底烧瓶中,加入叔丁醇钾(2.70g,24mmol),1-(2-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-苯基)乙酮(5.02g,20mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(200mL),加完后在反应瓶上安装一个球形冷凝管,在氮气保护下于90℃油浴中加热3小时。冷却到室温,向反应液中加入500mL蒸馏水,混合物用乙酸乙酯(1000mL×3)萃取,合并的萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂后得到粗品。以石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂为洗脱剂,粗品经过硅胶柱层析纯化得到12-甲基-5,6-二氢吲哚[2,1-a]异喹啉(3.87g,83%yield);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.86(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.37-7.29(m,3H),7.25(s,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.11(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),4.23(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.14(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.64(s,3H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ135.3,133.5,130.7,130.3,129.4,128.3,127.1,126.6,125.5,121.9,119.0,118.8,108.6,107.2,40.1,30.2,10.7;HRMS(ESI)C17H16N(M+H)+的理论计算值为:234.1277,实测值为:234.1273。
实施例2
Figure BSA0000093499130000031
按照与实施例1相同的方法,采用甲醇钠(1.30g,24mmol)替代叔丁醇钾,得到12-甲基-5,6-二氢吲哚[2,1-a]异喹啉(2.94g,63%yield)。
实施例3
Figure BSA0000093499130000032
按照与实施例1相同的方法,采用二甲基亚砜替代N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,得到12-甲基-5,6-二氢吲哚[2,1-a]异喹啉(3.00g,60%yield)。
实施例4
Figure BSA0000093499130000033
采用与实施例1相同的方法,以1-(2-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)苯基)丙酮(5.30g,20mmo1)为反应原料,得到12-乙基-5,6-二氢吲哚[2,1-a]异喹啉(4.35g,88%yield);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.80(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.34(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.28(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.21(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.10(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.20(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.10(t,J=7.3Hz,4H),1.39(t,J=7.5Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ135.4,133.7,130.2,130.1,128.6,128.4,127.2,126.7,125.4,122.0,119.0,118.9,114.3,108.7,40.1,30.2,18.4,15.2;HRMS(ESI)C18H18N(M+H)+的理论计算值为:248.1434,实测值为:248.1432。
实施例5
Figure BSA0000093499130000041
采用与实施例1相同的方法,以(2-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)苯基)苯甲酮(6.26g,20mmol)为反应原料,得到12-苯基-5,6-二氢吲哚[2,1-a]异喹啉(4.43g,75%yield);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60-7.54(m,3H),7.46(dd,J=12.0,6.4Hz,2H),7.37(s,3H),7.24(s,2H),7.16-7.14(m,1H),7.12-7.08(m,1H),7.04-7.00(m,1H),4.28(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),3.21(d,J=5.6Hz,2H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ135.8,135.5,133.5,130.5,129.2,128.8,128.2,127.2,126.7,126.7,126.1,122.3,120.0,119.6,113.9,108.8,40.3,29.9;HRMS(ESI)C22H18N(M+H)+的理论计算值为:296.1434,实测值为:296.1435。
实施例6
Figure BSA0000093499130000042
采用与实施例1相同的方法,以1-(2-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)4-甲氧基苯基)乙酮(5.62g,20mmo1)为反应原料,得到9-甲氧基-12-甲基-5,6-二氢吲哚[2,1-a]异喹啉(4.63g,88%yield);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.79(d,J=7.6Hz,lH),7.47(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.33(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.27-7.23(m,1H),7.18(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.79-6.76(m,2H),4.15(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.88(s,3H),3.11(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.59(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ156.7,136.0,133.0,130.5,129.7,128.3,127.1,126.1,125.0,124.0,119.6,109.0,107.3,92.2,55.8,40.1,30.3,10.8;HRMS(ESI)C18H18NO(M+H)+的理论计算值为:264.1383,实测值为:264.1374。
实施例7
采用与实施例1相同的方法,以1-(2-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)4-三氟甲基苯基)乙酮(6.38g,20mmol)为反应原料,得到9-三氟甲基-12-甲基-5,6-二氢吲哚[2,1-a]异喹啉(4.99g,83%yield);H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.87(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.58(s,1H),7.38(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.35-7.26(m,3H),4.27(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),3.16(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.63(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ134.2,133.7,133.3,131.6,129.6,128.5,127.4,127.3,125.9,125.4(q,1.JCF3=269HZ),123.7(2JCF3=32HZ),119.1,115.6(JCF3=4HZ),107.4,106.1(3JCF3=5HZ),40.3,30.0,10.7;HRMS(ESI)C18H13NF3(M-H)-的理论计算值为:300.1006,实测值为:300.1007。
实施例8
Figure BSA0000093499130000051
采用与实施例1相同的方法,以1-(2-(甲基(萘-1-甲基)胺基)苯基)乙酮(5.78g,20mmol)为反应原料,得到1,3-二甲基-2-(萘-1-基)-1H-吲哚(4.23g,78%yield);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.85(t,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.58(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.48(dd,J=14.6,7.1Hz,2H),7.40(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.14-7.28(m,2H),7.20(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.11(dd,J=8.7,6.1Hz,1H),3.32(s,3H),2.06(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ137.2,135.9,133.7,133.3,130.0,129.5,128.93,128.5,128.4,126.7,126.2,126.1,125.3,121.6,119.1,118.9,109.9,109.2,30.7,9.4;HRMS(ESI)C20H18N(M+H)+的理论计算值为:272.1434,实测值为:272.1434。
实施例9
Figure BSA0000093499130000052
采用与实施例1相同的方法,以1-(2-(苄基(甲基)胺)苯基)乙酮(4.78g,20mmol)为反应原料,得到1-甲基-3-甲基-2-苯基-1H-吲哚(3.53g,80%yield);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.48(dd,J=11.4,4.0Hz,2H),7.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),7.32(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.23(dd,J=8.0,4.4Hz,1H),7.15(dd,J=7.7,7.1Hz,1H),3.60(s,3H),2.28(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ137.7,137.3,132.2,130.7,128.5,128.3,127.7,121.7,119.1,118.8,109.2,108.6,30.9,9.4;HRMS(ESI)C16H16N(M+H)+的理论计算值为:222.1272,实测值为:222.1277。
实施例10
采用与实施例1相同的方法,以1-(2-(4-溴-苄基(甲基)胺)苯基)乙酮(6.34g,20mmo1)为反应原料,得到2-(4-溴苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吲哚(4.66g,78%yield);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.52(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.46(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),7.25(dd,J=14.6,7.3Hz,3H),7.18(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.07(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),3.51(s,3H),2.19(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ136.3,134.9,133.3,132.3,129.7,128.8,128.2,127.3,121.4,121.1,118.3,118.0,108.3,108.3,29.9,8.3;HRMS(ESI)C16H15NBr(M+H)+的理论计算值为:300.1382,实测值为:300.1386。
实施例11
采用与实施例1相同的方法,以1-(2-(苄基(乙基)胺)苯基)乙酮(5.06g,20mmol)为反应原料,得到1-乙基-3-甲基-2-苯基-1H-吲哚(3.95g,84%yield);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.49(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.45-7.34(m,4H),7.23(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.14(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.07(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.24(s,3H),1.21(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ137.2,136.0,132.5,130.6,128.7,128.4,127.8,121.6,119.0,118.9,109.5,108.8,38.6,15.3,9.2;HRMS(ESI)C17H18N(M+H)+的理论计算值为:236.1434,实测值为:236.1428。
实施例12
采用与实施例1相同的方法,以1-(2-(二苄胺)-苯基)乙酮(6.30g,20mmol)为反应原料,得到1-苄基-3-甲基-2-苯基-1H-吲哚(4.93g,83%yield);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.63(dd,J=4.9,3.5Hz,1H),7.38(t,J=7.8Hz,3H),7.35-7.29(m,2H),7.23-7.13(m,6H),6.95(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),5.23(s,2H),2.31(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ138.6,137.8,136.9,132.1,130.6,128.9,128.6,128.4,127.9,127.1,126.1,122.0,119.5,118.9,110.2,109.2,47.6,9.5;HRMS(ESI)C22H20N(M+H)+的理论计算值为:298.1590,实测值为:298.1600。
实施例13
Figure BSA0000093499130000071
采用与实施例1相同的方法,以1-(2-(苄基(苯基)基)苯基)乙酮(6.02g,20mmol)为反应原料,得到3-甲基-l,2-二苯基-1H-吲哚(4.36g,77%yield);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.62-7.57(m,1H),7.25(m,3H),7.22-7.16(m,4H),7.15-7.08(m,6H),2.34(s,3H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ137.6,136.5,135.8,131.1,129.5,127.9,126.9,126.8,126.1,125.5,121.4,119.0,117.8,109。7,109.3,8.6;HRMS(ESI)C21H18N(M+H)+的理论计算值为:284.1434,实测值为:284.1429。

Claims (6)

1.一种合成式(I)所示的吲哚类化合物的方法,其特征在于,采用式(II)所示的2-酰基-N,N-二取代苯胺为原料,在氮气保护下,加入一种碱,在溶剂中加热,得到式(I)所示的吲哚类化合物;所述的碱为叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇锂、甲醇钠;所述的溶剂为二氧六环、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺;所述的式(I)和式(II)结构的化合物如下:
Figure FSA0000093499120000011
其中:
R1代表氢、C1~C10烷基、苯基、甲基苯基、甲氧基苯基、氯代苯基、溴代苯基;
R2代表苯环上的单取代,取代基有氢、甲基、甲氧基、三氟甲基;
R3代表C1~C10烷基、苯基、甲基苯基、甲氧基苯基、氯代苯基、溴代苯基、苄基、甲氧基苄基、三氟甲基苄基、甲酰基、乙酰基、苯甲酰基;
R4代表苯基、甲基苯基、甲氧基苯基、三氟甲基苯基、氯代苯基、溴代苯基、萘基;
R3和R4也可与它们连接的碳原子和氮原子一起形成四氢异喹啉环,该环中的苯环上的碳原子可选择性的有单取代和双取代,取代基为甲氧基、甲基、氯、溴、三氟甲基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于所述的碱为叔丁醇钾。
3.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于所述的碱相对于式(II)所示的叔胺的用量的摩尔比为3∶1~0.2∶1,优选为1.2∶1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于所述的溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于反应温度为40~140℃,优选为90℃。
6.根据权利要求所述的合成方法,其特征在于反应时间为0.5~24小时。
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