CN103700907A - 一种锌金属空气电池的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种锌金属空气电池的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- -1 uniformly mixing Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000016804 zinc Nutrition 0.000 claims description 55
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006184 cellulose methylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripotassium borate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- JTNCEQNHURODLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanimidamide Chemical compound NC(=N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JTNCEQNHURODLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000343 potassium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- WJZHMLNIAZSFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese zinc Chemical compound [Mn].[Zn] WJZHMLNIAZSFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- GBCAVSYHPPARHX-UHFFFAOYSA-M n'-cyclohexyl-n-[2-(4-methylmorpholin-4-ium-4-yl)ethyl]methanediimine;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1.C1CCCCC1N=C=NCC[N+]1(C)CCOCC1 GBCAVSYHPPARHX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003174 MnOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/06—Electrodes for primary cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/06—Electrodes for primary cells
- H01M4/08—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/12—Processes of manufacture of consumable metal or alloy electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8652—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites as mixture
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种锌金属空气电池的制备方法。包括如下步骤:(1)正极板制备:将多金属氧化物、二氧化锰、氯化物、硫酸盐、活性碳、乙炔黑、CMC、PTFE、酒精混合均匀后涂覆在集流体上,干燥和辊热压后即为正极板;(2)负极板制备:将锌及氧化锌与聚乙烯醇、碳酸盐、硼酸盐、PTFE、HPMC加入碱性溶液中混合均匀后涂覆在集流体上,干燥和辊压后即为负极板;(3)组装:依次将正极、隔膜、负极叠加或按正极、隔膜、负极、隔膜、正极、隔膜、负极循环叠加,组装入电池壳即可得一单元或多单元电池。本发明的锌金属空气电池兼具金属空气电池和碱性锌锰电池的特点,既适合小电流长时间放电,也适合大电流短时间放电,且能多次使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电池,特别涉及一种锌金属空气电池的制备方法。
背景技术
金属空气电池利用金属与氧气的反应来产生电能,具有清洁环保,使用安全,贮存周期长,无需其他反应介质,有空气和水即可,广泛用于应急、指示、信号、备用电源等多个领域,如野外救生、照明、应急充电电源、航标、野外信号灯等。
锌由于其电位相对镁、铝等其他金属高,其稳定性更好,且锌价格低廉,无毒易回收。锌金属空气电池具备可充电性能,使用范围更宽,可以干态贮存,使用前只需让电池隔膜充放吸水,置于空气气氛即可放电,使用更安全,适应运输和长期贮存。
传统的锌金属空气电池空气电极包括催化层、集流体和扩散层,多金属氧化物为催化剂,适合于单体电池,电压不高,不利于组装成多单元电池,且不能大倍率放电。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种锌金属空气电池的制备方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案为:
一种锌金属空气电池的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)正极板的制备
以钙钛矿催化剂为催化剂,与二氧化锰粉末混合,再与活性碳、乙炔黑、硫酸盐、氯化物、羧甲基纤维素CMC、聚四氟乙烯PTFE、酒精、水混合,搅拌均匀后涂覆在集流体A上,干燥和辊热压后,即为正极板;
(2)负极板的制备
将锌及氧化锌粉末与质量分数为5%的聚乙烯醇、碱性溶液、水、碳酸盐、硼酸盐、羟丙基甲基纤维素HPMC、聚四氟乙烯PTFE充分搅拌,然后涂覆在集流体B上,干燥和辊压后,即为负极板;
(3)电池的组装
以多孔超细玻璃纤维为隔膜,依次将正极、隔膜、负极相叠加,组装入电池壳即为一个单元的锌金属空气电池或依次将正极、隔膜、负极、隔膜、正极、隔膜、负极循环叠加,组成多个单元联体锌金属空气电池,再用导线连接相邻正负极,然后组装入侧面多孔型塑料壳。
进一步,上述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,所述步骤(1)中钙钛矿催化剂与二氧化锰的混合物、活性碳、乙炔黑、硫酸盐、氯化物、羧甲基纤维素CMC、聚四氟乙烯PTFE、酒精、水的质量比为100:1~2.5:1~2.5:5~10:5~10:5~10:5~10:10~30:10~20,优选为100:1~2:1~2:5~8:5~8:5~8:5~8:10~25:10~16,更优选为100:1.5~2:1.5~2:6~8:6~8:6~8:6~8:15~25:12~16;所述钙钛矿催化剂与二氧化锰的质量比为3:7-27,优选为3:7-20,更优选为3:10-15。
进一步,上述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,所述步骤(2)中锌、氧化锌、质量分数为5%的聚乙烯醇、饱和碱性溶液、碳酸盐、硼酸盐、羟丙基甲基纤维素HPMC、聚四氟乙烯PTFE的质量比为100:5~15:20~30:5~10:1~2.5:1~2.5:5~15:10~20,优选为100:5~12:20~25:5~8:1~2:1~2:5~12:10~15,更优选为100:7~12:22~25:6~8:1.5~2:1.5~2:7~12:12~15。
进一步,上述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,所述钙钛矿催化剂为镧、钙、钴或/和镍的复合氧化物;镧、钙、钴或/和镍的复合氧化物的物质的量之比为3:2:5。
进一步,上述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,所述硫酸盐为硫酸钠、硫酸钾、硫酸氢钠、硫酸氢钾或硫酸铵的一种或几种。
进一步,上述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,所述氯化物为氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化铵、氯化锌的一种或几种。
进一步,上述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,所述碳酸盐为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢铵的一种或几种。
进一步,上述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,所述硼酸盐为硼酸钠、硼酸钾的一种或两种。
进一步,上述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,所述集流体为泡沫镍或镀镍钢网。
进一步,上述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,所述碱性溶液中的碱为氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙的一种或几种。
本发明的正极制备,以钙钛矿复合金属氧化物为催化剂,二氧化锰为反应物,氯化物为反应助剂,硫酸盐为造孔剂,活性碳、乙炔黑、CMC、PTFE、酒精则用于帮助体系成膜,增强粘结性和导电性。负极制备,以锌为反应活性物质,氧化锌与碱反应形成锌酸盐,碳酸盐、硼酸盐为添加剂,防止锌发生氧化腐蚀,聚乙烯醇、PTFE、HPMC等加强活性物质的粘结性和稳定性。当正极与空气接触且含有水就在正负极之间产生了电动势,从而对外供电。电池反应式如下:
小电流反应:
正极:O2+2H2O+4e------4OH-
负极:Zn----Zn2++2e-
小电流总反应:4Zn+2O2+4H2O---4Zn(OH)2
大电流反应:
正极:MnO2+H2O+e------MnOOH+OH-
3MnOOH+e------Mn2O3+OH-+H2O
负极:Zn+4OH-----Zn(OH)4 2-+2e-
Zn+2OH-----Zn(OH)2+2e- Zn(OH)2-----ZnO+H2O
大电流总反应:Zn+2MnO2+2H2O---2MnOOH+Zn(OH)2
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明的正极采用多金属氧化物与二氧化锰的混合物,既能形成锌金属空气电池,也能形成锌锰碱性电池,能满足小电流长时间放电和大电流短时间放电,且能利用锌空气电池进行反复充放电使用。
(2)本发明的负极采用锌粉制成膏状,涂覆在集流体上,避免了传统的直接利用锌片,避免了锌片因反应进行造成极板强度和导电性能下降,相比传统的管式电极,单体电池的体积比能量更大,且内阻更小,倍率放电性能会明显提高。
(3)本发明的正、负极板都是将活性物质混合后涂覆在集流体上,能够极大地增强极板的导电性和极板强度。
(4)本发明的隔膜采用吸水性极强的多孔超细玻璃纤维,不但能够能保证电池处于贫液态,超强吸附水和空气,利于反应进行,并且不会渗水或滴水。
(5)本发明的电池壳采用侧面多孔型塑料壳,使电极、隔膜与空气能充分接触,利于反应进行。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明,但本发明并不限于此。
实施例1
1、称取300g钙钛矿催化剂,其金属离子摩尔比镧:钙:钴=3:2:5,称取700g二氧化锰粉末,分别称其活性碳10g,乙炔黑10g,硫酸钠50g,氯化钠50g,羧甲基纤维素50g,聚四氟乙烯50g,酒精100g,水100g;
2、将上述步骤1称量完毕的物质在密闭的搅拌器内充分搅拌均匀,使混合物成流动态的膏状,后均与双面涂覆在泡沫镍上,于120℃干燥,经辊热压裁切后,即为正极板;
3、称取1000g锌粉,50g氧化锌粉,浓度5%聚乙烯醇200g,饱和氢氧化钠溶液50g,碳酸钠10g,硼酸钠10g,HPMC羟丙基甲基纤维素50g,PTFE聚四氟乙烯100g;
4、将上述步骤3称量完毕的物质在密闭的搅拌器内充分搅拌均匀,使混合物成流动态的膏状,后均与双面涂覆在泡沫镍上,于120℃干燥,经辊压裁切后,即为负极板。
5、以多孔超细玻璃纤维为隔膜,依次将正极板、隔膜、负极板、隔膜、正极板、隔膜、负极板相叠加,即可组装入多孔性塑料壳为两个单元联体锌金属空气电池,单元与单元之间的相邻正负极应用导线连接,组装入多孔性塑料壳,电池两极分别接上导线。
完成上述步骤后,对电池接上负载,往电池盒内加水即可形成锌金属空气电池对外放电。
实施例2
1、称取100g钙钛矿催化剂,其金属离子摩尔比镧:钙:镍=3:2:5,称取900g二氧化锰粉末,分别称其活性碳25g,乙炔黑25g,硫酸钾100g,氯化钾100g,羧甲基纤维素100g,聚四氟乙烯100g,酒精300g,水200g;
2、将上述步骤1称量完毕的物质在密闭的搅拌器内充分搅拌均匀,使混合物成流动态的膏状,后均匀双面涂覆在镀镍钢网上,于130℃干燥,经辊热压裁切后,即为正极板;
3、称取1000g锌粉,150g氧化锌粉,浓度5%聚乙烯醇300g,饱和氢氧化钙溶液100g,碳酸钾25g,硼酸钾25g,HPMC羟丙基甲基纤维素150g,PTFE聚四氟乙烯200g;
4、将上述步骤3称量完毕的物质在密闭的搅拌器内充分搅拌均匀,使混合物成流动态的膏状,后均匀双面涂覆在泡沫镍上,于140℃干燥,经辊压裁切后,即为负极板;
5、以多孔超细玻璃纤维为隔膜,依次将正极板、隔膜、负极板隔膜、正极板、隔膜、负极板、隔膜、正极板、隔膜、负极板相叠加,即可组装入多孔性塑料壳为三个单元联体锌金属空气电池,单元与单元之间的相邻正负极应用导线连接,组装入多孔性塑料壳,电池两极分别接上导线。
完成上述步骤后,对电池接上负载,往电池盒内加水即可形成锌金属空气电池对外放电。
实施例3
1、称取500g钙钛矿催化剂,其金属离子摩尔比镧:钙:钴=3:2:5,称取500g二氧化锰粉末,分别称其活性碳20g,乙炔黑20g,硫酸钠80g,氯化铵80g,羧甲基纤维素80g,聚四氟乙烯80g,酒精200g,水150g;
2、将上述步骤1称量完毕的物质在密闭的搅拌器内充分搅拌均匀,使混合物成流动态的膏状,后均匀双面涂覆在泡沫镍上,于160℃干燥,经辊热压裁切后,即为正极板;
3、称取1000g锌粉,100g氧化锌粉,浓度5%聚乙烯醇250g,饱和氢氧化钾溶液80g,碳酸钠20g,硼酸钠20g,HPMC羟丙基甲基纤维素100g,PTFE聚四氟乙烯150g;
4、将上述步骤3称量完毕的物质在密闭的搅拌器内充分搅拌均匀,使混合物成流动态的膏状,后均匀双面涂覆在镀镍钢网上,于150℃干燥,经辊压裁切后,即为负极板。
5、以多孔超细玻璃纤维为隔膜,依次将正极板、隔膜、负极板相叠加,即可组装入多孔性塑料壳为一个单元锌金属空气电池,组装入多孔性塑料壳,电池两极分别接上导线。
完成上述步骤后,对电池接上负载,往电池盒内加水即可形成锌金属空气电池对外放电。
实施例4
1、称取400g钙钛矿催化剂,其金属离子摩尔比镧:钙:钴=3:2:5,称取600g二氧化锰粉末,分别称其活性碳15g,乙炔黑15g,硫酸钠80g,氯化锌80g,羧甲基纤维素90g,聚四氟乙烯90g,酒精200g,水150g;
2、将上述步骤1称量完毕的物质在密闭的搅拌器内充分搅拌均匀,使混合物成流动态的膏状,后均匀双面涂覆在镀镍钢网上,于140℃干燥,经辊热压裁切后,即为正极板;
3、称取1000g锌粉,80g氧化锌粉,浓度5%聚乙烯醇250g,饱和氢氧化钾溶液80g,碳酸钠20g,硼酸钠20g,HPMC羟丙基甲基纤维素100g,PTFE聚四氟乙烯150g;
4、将上述步骤3称量完毕的物质在密闭的搅拌器内充分搅拌均匀,使混合物成流动态的膏状,后均匀双面涂覆在镀镍钢网上,于150℃干燥,经辊压裁切后,即为负极板;
5、以多孔超细玻璃纤维为隔膜,依次将正极板、隔膜、负极板、隔膜、正极板、隔膜、负极板相叠加,即可组装入多孔性塑料壳为两个单元联体锌金属空气电池,单元与单元之间的相邻正负极应用导线连接,组装入多孔性塑料壳,电池两极分别接上导线。
完成上述步骤后,对电池接上负载,往电池盒内加水即可形成锌金属空气电池对外放电。
实施例5
1、称取500g钙钛矿催化剂,其金属离子摩尔比镧:钙:钴:镍=3:2:4:1,称取500g二氧化锰粉末,分别称其活性碳15g,乙炔黑15g,硫酸钠75g,氯化铵85g,羧甲基纤维素75g,聚四氟乙烯75g,酒精250g,水180g;
2、将上述步骤1称量完毕的物质在密闭的搅拌器内充分搅拌均匀,使混合物成流动态的膏状,后均匀双面涂覆在泡沫镍上,于150℃干燥,经辊热压裁切后,即为正极板;
3、称取1000g锌粉,80g氧化锌粉,浓度5%聚乙烯醇280g,饱和氢氧化钾溶液80g,碳酸钠20g,硼酸钠20g,HPMC羟丙基甲基纤维素120g,PTFE聚四氟乙烯180g;
4、将上述步骤3称量完毕的物质在密闭的搅拌器内充分搅拌均匀,使混合物成流动态的膏状,后均匀双面涂覆在镀镍钢网上,于155℃干燥,经辊压裁切后,即为负极板;
5、以多孔超细玻璃纤维为隔膜,依次将正极板、隔膜、负极板隔膜、正极板、隔膜、负极板、隔膜、正极板、隔膜、负极板、隔膜、正极板、隔膜、负极板相叠加,即可组装入多孔性塑料壳为四个单元联体锌金属空气电池,单元与单元之间的相邻正负极应用导线连接,组装入多孔性塑料壳,电池两极分别接上导线。
完成上述步骤后,对电池接上负载,往电池盒内加水即可形成锌金属空气电池对外放电。
实施例6
1、称取450g钙钛矿催化剂,其金属离子摩尔比镧:钙:钴:镍=3:2:3:2,称取550g二氧化锰粉末,分别称其活性碳15g,乙炔黑15g,硫酸钠85g,氯化铵75g,羧甲基纤维素70g,聚四氟乙烯85g,酒精250g,水150g;
2、将上述步骤1称量完毕的物质在密闭的搅拌器内充分搅拌均匀,使混合物成流动态的膏状,后均匀双面涂覆在泡沫镍上,于180℃干燥,经辊热压裁切后,即为正极板;
3、称取1000g锌粉,70g氧化锌粉,浓度5%聚乙烯醇270g,饱和氢氧化钾溶液70g,碳酸钠18g,硼酸钠22g,HPMC羟丙基甲基纤维素130g,PTFE聚四氟乙烯170g;
4、将上述步骤3称量完毕的物质在密闭的搅拌器内充分搅拌均匀,使混合物成流动态的膏状,后均匀双面涂覆在镀镍钢网上,于160℃干燥,经辊压裁切后,即为负极板;
5、以多孔超细玻璃纤维为隔膜,依次将正极板、隔膜、负极板、隔膜、正极板、隔膜、负极板相叠加,即可组装入多孔性塑料壳为两个单元联体锌金属空气电池,单元与单元之间的相邻正负极应用导线连接,组装入多孔性塑料壳,电池两极分别接上导线。
完成上述步骤后,对电池接上负载,往电池盒内加水即可形成锌金属空气电池对外放电。
Claims (10)
1.一种锌金属空气电池的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)正极板的制备
以钙钛矿催化剂为催化剂,与二氧化锰粉末混合,再与活性碳、乙炔黑、硫酸盐、氯化物、羧甲基纤维素CMC、聚四氟乙烯PTFE、酒精、水混合,搅拌均匀后涂覆在集流体A上,干燥和辊热压后,即为正极板;
(2)负极板的制备
将锌及氧化锌粉末与质量分数为5%的聚乙烯醇、碱性溶液、水、碳酸盐、硼酸盐、羟丙基甲基纤维素HPMC、聚四氟乙烯PTFE充分搅拌,然后涂覆在集流体B上,干燥和辊压后,即为负极板;
(3)电池的组装
以多孔超细玻璃纤维为隔膜,依次将正极、隔膜、负极相叠加,组装入电池壳即为一个单元的锌金属空气电池或依次将正极、隔膜、负极、隔膜、正极、隔膜、负极循环叠加,组成多个单元联体锌金属空气电池,再用导线连接相邻正负极,然后组装入侧面多孔型塑料壳。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中钙钛矿催化剂与二氧化锰的混合物、活性碳、乙炔黑、硫酸盐、氯化物、羧甲基纤维素CMC、聚四氟乙烯PTFE、酒精、水的质量比为100:1~2.5:1~2.5:5~10:5~10:5~10:5~10:10~30:10~20;所述钙钛矿催化剂与二氧化锰的质量比为3:7-27。
3.根据权利要求1所述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中锌、氧化锌、质量分数为5%的聚乙烯醇、饱和碱性溶液、碳酸盐、硼酸盐、羟丙基甲基纤维素HPMC、聚四氟乙烯PTFE的质量比为100:5~15:20~30:5~10:1~2.5:1~2.5:5~15:10~20。
4.根据权利要求1所述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述钙钛矿催化剂为镧、钙、钴或/和镍的复合氧化物;镧、钙、钴或/和镍的复合氧化物的物质的量之比为3:2:5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述硫酸盐为硫酸钠、硫酸钾、硫酸氢钠、硫酸氢钾或硫酸铵的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述氯化物为氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化铵、氯化锌的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碳酸盐为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢铵的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述硼酸盐为硼酸钠、硼酸钾的一种或两种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述集流体为泡沫镍或镀镍钢网。
10.根据权利要求1所述的锌金属空气电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碱性溶液中的碱为氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙的一种或几种。
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