CN103698807B - Scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system design method - Google Patents
Scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is the Scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system design method improving seismic prospecting imaging section signal to noise ratio. Apply known earthquake and well data, and investigate apparent velocity, the wavelength of exploratory area scattered noise, determine the minimum of recording geometry and the element interval of maximum width, maximum reception line-spacing, reception line number and receiver pattern, centered by acceptance point, wave-detector is transversely become elementary cell with longitudinal Symmetric Composite respectively, transverse combination base receives line-spacing apart from equaling, and array length equals distance in length and breadth, by elementary cell according to the coupling combination of wave-detector vertical and horizontal. Present invention achieves Spatial continual pressure to make an uproar, thus really realize the horizontal pressure of associating between recording geometry reception line and make an uproar, also making up spatial sampling deficiency avoids alias noise simultaneously, is conducive to raising starting material quality and imaging section signal to noise ratio.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic data acquisition parameter designing, mainly a kind of Scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system design method.
Background technology
Complicated mountain region is all generally that tectonic movement strong deformation region, earth's surface and underground structure are all very complicated, grows polytype strong energy noise, and starting material signal to noise ratio is extremely low. Seismic wave field is extremely complicated, and data imaging is very difficult. From at the end of last century, Mountainous Seismic Exploration Technology has had and has developed on a large scale very much, but in some extremely complicated areas, seismic data quality still achieves no breakthrough, and seriously constrains the oil-gas exploration and development progress in relevant area.
Existing two-dimensional observational system designs, proving bin size according to physical model and testing data and guarantee that the requirement of geologic objective lateral resolution, enough spreadss guarantee that the sampling to steep dip geologic body, suitable covering number of times guarantee that stack velocity and residual static correction are asked for, such recording geometry is adapted to the region that starting material has certain signal to noise ratio. In low signal-to-noise ratio district, conventional two-dimensional observational system does not meet the requirement of data imaging, so having developed the laterally big combination technique based on conventional two-dimensional observational system, object is that compacting side noise improves starting material quality, such observation mode is adapted to side noise direction and extremely by force and combines the time difference relatively zonule, and the region violent at topographic relief is limited. So for the low signal-to-noise ratio district that landform acutely rises and falls, develop wide line observation technology, but conventional wide line collection method, general only consideration increases the horizontal line number that receives and improves covering number of times, and consider deficiency to pressing continuously between the lines to make an uproar, cause wide line laterally to press ability of making an uproar greatly to reduce.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of Scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system design method adapting to the violent region of topographic relief.
The present invention is realized by following step:
1) earthquake and well data is gathered; or apply known seismic section, velocity spectrum and well data; extracting zone of interest double-pass reflection time, the stratigraphic dip time difference and stack velocity or buried depth of strata information, the frequency protected in conjunction with geological tasks determines bin size, spreads.
2) applying the known seismic interpretation section in exploratory area and structural map, velocity spectrum or well data, extract stratigraphic dip and interval velocity information, the frequency protected in conjunction with geological tasks determines maximum width.
Step 2) described in maximum width be protect the significant wave of the most short-sighted wavelength can in-phase stacking and the horizontal width that limits.
3) apparent wavelength of single big gun material computation strong refraction interference wave that the apparent velocity of investigation exploratory area scattered noise, apparent cycle, group number and intensity or application have obtained, it is determined that minimum width.
Minimum width described in step 3) is the horizontal width suppressed the strongest scattered noise and limit.
4) by the greatest combined base distance of top layer model velocity, the restriction of the thickness data calculation combination time difference, it is determined that maximum reception line-spacing.
Maximum reception line-spacing described in step 4) is the greatest combined base distance that protection receiver pattern does not suppress significant wave and limit. Not distorted according to significant wave, the calculating significant wave described in step 4) should not distort.
5) expectation designed according to multiple stacking Statistical Effect covers number of times and determines to receive line number;
Determination described in step 5) receives line number: reception line number is multiplied by reception line-spacing after subtracting 1 should equal recording geometry width, receives line-spacing and is not more than maximum reception line-spacing, and recording geometry width is not less than minimum width and is not more than maximum width;
6) according to the Coherence radii of the random noise in work area, it is determined that the element interval of receiver pattern;
7) centered by acceptance point, transversely with longitudinal Symmetric Composite respectively, wave-detector being become elementary cell, transverse combination base receives line-spacing apart from equaling, and array length equals distance in length and breadth;
8) by elementary cell according to the coupling combination of wave-detector vertical and horizontal.
Coupling combination described in step 8) receives line to be connected in the horizontal with the elementary cell received between line, and the elementary cell of same reception line is connected in the vertical, forms scalariform two-dimensional observational system.
Instant invention overcomes conventional two-dimensional observational system pressure make an uproar characteristic discontinuity, receive and combine pressure between line and make an uproar combination time difference that alias noise that ability, spatial sampling deficiency cause and laterally combining greatly causes to the deficiency of the aspects such as the disadvantageous effect of significant wave and static correction and intensity of illumination are inadequate, achieve Spatial continual pressure to make an uproar, thus really realize receiving the horizontal pressure of associating between line and make an uproar, the present invention simultaneously also makes up spatial sampling deficiency and avoids alias noise, is conducive to improving starting material quality and imaging section signal to noise ratio. The present invention is applicable to that scattering noise is grown, original signal to noise ratio is low, it is necessary to strengthens laterally pressure and makes an uproar ability and the high area covering number of times.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
The concrete implementation step of the present invention is as follows:
1) earthquake and well data is gathered; or apply known seismic section, velocity spectrum and well data; extracting zone of interest double-pass reflection time, the stratigraphic dip time difference and stack velocity or buried depth of strata information, the frequency protected in conjunction with geological tasks determines bin size, spreads.
Bin size��stratigraphic dip time difference, (unit: rice/millisecond) was divided by the protection frequencies of 2 times (unit: hertz)
Spreads �� equals buried depth of strata
2) applying the known seismic interpretation section in exploratory area and structural map, velocity spectrum or well data, extract stratigraphic dip and interval velocity information, the frequency protected in conjunction with geological tasks determines maximum width.
Step 2) described in maximum width be protect the significant wave of the most short-sighted wavelength can in-phase stacking and the horizontal width that limits.
Maximum width Wy is the twice of the horizontal width of CDP bin.
If the horizontal width of CDP bin is Ly, destination layer apparent dip in the horizontal is ��, and the reflection time arrived at first in same CDP bin is t1, and the reflection time finally arrived is t2, then have:
T2-t1=2 �� Ly �� tg ��/Vi (Vi is interval velocity)
Reflection wave in CDP bin width can in-phase stacking, then have:
2Ly �� tg ��/Vi��T/4=1/4Fp (T is for protecting frequency cycle, Fp for protection frequency)
That is, maximum width Wy=2 �� Ly��Vi/4Fptg ��
3) apparent wavelength of single big gun material computation strong refraction interference wave that the apparent velocity of investigation exploratory area scattered noise, apparent cycle, group number and intensity or application have obtained, it is determined that minimum width.
Minimum width described in step 3) is the horizontal width suppressed the strongest scattered noise and limit.
Minimum width is more than or equal to the maximum apparent wavelength of strong scattered noise.
4) by the greatest combined base distance of top layer model velocity, the restriction of the thickness data calculation combination time difference, it is determined that maximum reception line-spacing.
Maximum reception line-spacing described in step 4) is the greatest combined base distance that protection receiver pattern does not suppress significant wave and limit.
In upper formula: T is significant wave period, L is array length, h0For significant wave reflects depth of stratum, V is formation velocity, and �� H is the combination discrepancy in elevation, VHFor the formation velocity in the combination discrepancy in elevation, x is offset distance.
5) expectation designed according to multiple stacking Statistical Effect covers number of times and determines to receive line number;
RLN=FoldexX��2SI
In upper formula: FoldexFor expecting to cover number of times, RLN is for receiving line number, and X is spreads, and SI is shotpoint spacing
Described determination receives line number: reception line number is multiplied by reception line-spacing after subtracting 1 should equal recording geometry width, receives line-spacing and is not more than maximum reception line-spacing, and recording geometry width is not less than minimum width and is not more than maximum width;
6) according to the Coherence radii of the random noise in work area, it is determined that the element interval of receiver pattern;
7) centered by acceptance point, transversely with longitudinal Symmetric Composite respectively, wave-detector being become elementary cell, transverse combination base receives line-spacing apart from equaling, and array length equals distance in length and breadth;
8) by elementary cell according to the coupling combination of wave-detector vertical and horizontal.
Described coupling combination receives line to be connected in the horizontal with the elementary cell received between line, and the elementary cell of same reception line is connected in the vertical, forms scalariform two-dimensional observational system.
The present invention implements in the following ways further in concrete embodiment:
Zone of fracture, inverse nappe, the low wave resistance geologic body etc. covered are explored, and will increase the intensity of illumination to geologic body, receiving the horizontal big gun line number of increase between line, should be formed " Scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system " that many big guns are multi-thread.
Earth's surface is smooth, the exploration of buried hill, underground or weak reflection geologic body, suitable " Scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system " adopting many big guns two-wire.
High-dip structure district, when acceptance point spacing does not meet high-dip structure imaging, it is possible to docking take-up carries out part road apart from the changing of the relative positions, forms " Scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system " of distortion.
Claims (3)
1. a Scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system design method, feature is realized by following step:
1) earthquake and well data is gathered, or apply known seismic section, velocity spectrum and well data, extracting zone of interest double-pass reflection time, the stratigraphic dip time difference and stack velocity and buried depth of strata information, the frequency protected in conjunction with geological tasks determines bin size, spreads;
Bin size��stratigraphic dip time difference divided by the protection frequency of 2 times, spreads �� buried depth of strata;
2) applying the known seismic section in exploratory area, structural map, velocity spectrum and well data, extract stratigraphic dip and interval velocity information, the frequency protected in conjunction with geological tasks determines maximum width;
3) apparent wavelength of the apparent velocity of investigation exploratory area scattered noise, apparent cycle, group number and Strength co-mputation strong refraction interference wave, it is determined that minimum width, or apply the apparent wavelength of the single big gun material computation strong refraction interference wave obtained, it is determined that minimum width;
Described minimum width is the horizontal width suppressed the strongest scattered noise and limit;
4) by the greatest combined base distance of top layer model velocity, the restriction of the thickness data calculation combination time difference, it is determined that maximum reception line-spacing;
Described maximum reception line-spacing is the greatest combined base distance that protection receiver pattern does not suppress significant wave and limit, and determines that significant wave does not distort by following formula:
In upper formula: T is significant wave period, L is array length, h0For significant wave reflects depth of stratum, v is formation velocity, and �� H is the combination discrepancy in elevation, vHFor the formation velocity in the combination discrepancy in elevation, x is offset distance;
5) expectation designed according to multiple stacking Statistical Effect covers number of times and determines to receive line number, and determines to receive line number by following formula:
RLN=Foldex/X��2SI
In upper formula: FoldexFor expecting to cover number of times, RLN is for receiving line number, and X is spreads, and SI is shotpoint spacing;
6) according to the Coherence radii of the random noise in work area, it is determined that the element interval of receiver pattern;
7) centered by acceptance point, transversely with longitudinal Symmetric Composite respectively, wave-detector being become elementary cell, transverse combination base receives line-spacing apart from equaling, and longitudinal combination base is apart from equaling distance;
8) by elementary cell according to the coupling combination of wave-detector vertical and horizontal;
Described coupling combination receives line to be connected in the horizontal with the elementary cell received between line, and the elementary cell of same reception line is connected in the vertical, forms scalariform two-dimensional observational system.
2. method according to claim 1, feature is step 2) described in maximum width be protect the significant wave of the most short-sighted wavelength can in-phase stacking and the horizontal width that limits.
3. method according to claim 1, feature is step 5) described in determination receive line number be: receive line number subtract 1 after be multiplied by receive line-spacing should equal recording geometry width, receiving line-spacing and be not more than maximum reception line-spacing, recording geometry width is not less than minimum width and is not more than maximum width.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104199083A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-10 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method and device for determining wide-line seismological observation system |
| CN105093268B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2018-04-03 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of method and device based on wave field Lighting Design observation system parameter |
| CN106501841B (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-08-14 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of optimum design method and device of two dimension wode line seismic observation system |
| CN108845349B (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2020-10-16 | 中国海洋大学 | Energy-based arrangement width design method |
| CN111983673B (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2023-08-22 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining receiving line distance of three-dimensional seismic observation system |
| CN110174697A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-27 | 中国煤炭地质总局物测队 | A kind of the change sight simulation system and its analogy method of 3-d seismic exploration |
| CN112698394B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2022-11-04 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining size of design surface element of two-dimensional observation system |
| CN111025390B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2022-07-08 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Seismic data acquisition method and device |
| CN111538078A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-14 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Observation mode determination method and device of two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system |
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