CN101105536A - Complicated earth surface banding earthquake collection method - Google Patents
Complicated earth surface banding earthquake collection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101105536A CN101105536A CNA200610098675XA CN200610098675A CN101105536A CN 101105536 A CN101105536 A CN 101105536A CN A200610098675X A CNA200610098675X A CN A200610098675XA CN 200610098675 A CN200610098675 A CN 200610098675A CN 101105536 A CN101105536 A CN 101105536A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a petroleum seismic exploration technique complex ground surface area banded seismic collection method, which comprises the following steps: 1) multi-line reception is adopted; the number of the reception lines is determined by the known parameter; spatial aliasing is not generated between any two adjacent reception lines; 2) the positions of two adjacent reception lines are in parallel; 3) shotpoints are set within the band area according to the ground surface and near ground surface geological condition; 4) seismic data is collected; seismic section plane is formed by the utilization of 3D processing method. The selection of shotpoints and the detection points in the invention is in line with the specific conditions, convenient and flexible and can effectively suppress space disturbance by level overlap in the course of document processing; the document quality is approximate to the 3D seismic exploration noise reduction effect; the invention is suitable for 2D exploration in ground surface area.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the oil seismic exploration technology, be specifically related to the two-dimension earthquake acquisition method of intricately list area.
Background technology
Carrying out two-dimension earthquake when gathering, usually can run into complex surface conditions, as: topographic relief is violent, ravines and guillies criss-cross, crop out, underground height steep occurrence stratum, fracture are grown, comparatively fragmentation etc. of stratum.The surface structure that these are complicated when carrying out earthquake data acquisition, can become ground interference source one by one, produces serious space scattering phenomenon.Because these disturb from the space all directions, there is not fixing rule, if when earthquake data acquisition, effectively do not suppressed, follow-up seismic data is handled and can't be eliminated, this will directly influence the quality of seismic section, show as mainly that seismic section reflection wave groups feature is not obvious, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of usable reflection discontinuous seismic event, data is low, the underground structure details is unintelligible etc.The two-dimension earthquake method of exploration has straight line, curved line and wide line acquisition method at present.
The linear pick-up method is meant and adopts a line to receive, and shot point and acceptance point are on same straight line, by blowing out repeatedly covering section along line direction of acquisition in the field.The data of using this method collection can effectively be suppressed the interference along line direction in processing, the interference from the space different directions is not had conduct.
Curved line acquisition method is meant in the mountain area or the loess tableland district lays survey line along ditch, geophone station must be on survey line, shot point is laid along line direction, blows out by the field and obtains the repeatedly covering section along line direction, and this section can not reflect structural feature and locus truly.Same this method effectively press-space scattering is disturbed.
Wide line acquisition method is to receive on the line at many to arrange acceptance point, receiving line both sides laying shot point, forms a wide line stacked section by field acquisition, distinctive wide line information Processing Technology.Wide line requires the big gun line and receives line all must be straight line, and strictness has limited the distribution of shot point and geophone station, is unfavorable for selecting favourable shot point to excite, and is limited to the improvement degree of data quality; Wide line acquisition method has certain effect to the interference wave of press-space different directions, and still wide line is superimposed upon transversely and can blurs some structure details, is unfavorable for the complex structure imaging.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the limitation that solves an intricately list area seismic prospecting difficult problem in the existing two-dimension earthquake acquisition method, a kind of ribbon earthquake collection method that the press-space scattering is disturbed in the seismic data processing that helps is provided.
The invention provides following method:
1) adopt multi-thread mode to receive, receive the line number and determine that by known geophysical parameters concrete grammar is as follows:
A, elder generation determine adjacent two line-spacings that receive lines, do not produce spatial aliasing requirement Δ L≤v/ (4Fsin α);
Wherein: Δ L: receive line-spacing, V: zone of interest root-mean-square velocity, F: zone of interest dominant frequency, α: zone of interest inclination maximum;
B, n 〉=λ/Δ L+1, n: receive the line number, λ: the interference wave maximum wavelength, determine by given data or conventional investigation;
2) the adjacent reception line parallel is laid;
3) according to common two-dimentional survey line distribution method, every receives line is straight line or by the angle route selection of cracking down on the abduction of two-dimentional survey line standard;
4) carry out earthquake data acquisition, geological data is handled the applying three-dimensional disposal route, forms seismic section and equally uses with two dimensional cross-section fully.
The present invention also provides following method:
In the band scope of many reception lines, lay shot point according to the face of land and near surface geologic condition.
The position of shot point can not be chosen on the reception line and shot point is laid with interior scope in the interval that the band outermost receives line Δ L/2.
Shot point lay to select press low or top layer speed height of surficial geology condition face of land elevation in the band scope or surface slope is delayed or face of land lithology is good or surface humidity is big place;
The present invention is owing to the selection of shot point and geophone station is suited measures to local conditions, and is convenient, flexible.In the Data Processing process, by the level stack, effectively press-space is disturbed, and data quality is pressed the effect of making an uproar near 3-d seismic exploration, is fit to the two dimension exploration of intricately list area.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is wode line seismic acquisition technique observation synoptic diagram; Among the figure: S1, S2 are big gun line 1,2, and R1-R3 is for receiving line 1-3, and a, b, c, d, e, f are common midpoint (CMP) line 1-6.
Fig. 2 is ribbon earthquake collection method observation synoptic diagram of the present invention; Among the figure: R1, R2, R3, R4 are for receiving line: ▲ be acceptance point, * be shot point.
Fig. 3 is ribbon seismic exploration technique effect figure; Among the figure: a is 04 adjacent two dimensional cross-section, and b is that 05 ribbon is gathered section.
Fig. 4 is embodiment of the invention observed pattern and degree of covering distribution plan; Among the figure: a is an observed pattern, and b is that degree of covering distributes.
Embodiment
Certain structural belt has been found the gas field, seismic grid density had reached 1 * 2-2 * 2km in the past, and encrypted survey grid in the local structure zone, seismic line have been encrypted to 1 * 1-1 * 1.5km, though data quality increases, stratal configuration is still not fully aware of, and the breakpoint structure is practicable not enough.
Adopt ribbon seismic prospecting mode to adopt multi-thread mode to receive, receive how much determining of line number, determine that specifically method is as follows according to concrete geophysical parameters situation:
At first do not determine two line-spacing Δ L that receive line, Δ L≤v/ (4Fsin α), V: zone of interest root-mean-square velocity, F: zone of interest dominant frequency, α: zone of interest inclination maximum according to transversely not producing spatial aliasing.The geophysical parameters in known work area is: F=40Hz, and v=3767m/s, Δ L≤68m is tried to achieve according to above-mentioned formula in α=20 °, rounds the back and determines Δ L=60m (littler also can).
Secondly according to the requirement that will satisfy the compacting interference wave, the width of band should be greater than the wavelength X of interference wave, and λ can be by in the past analysis or carry out noise wave investigation and try to achieve.Receiving line so counts n and can try to achieve n 〉=λ/Δ L+1 by following formula; Work area known disturbances ripple maximum wavelength is got 140m, n 〉=3.33, and therefore analysis-by-synthesis selects 4 lines to receive (accompanying drawing 2), receives line-spacing and elects 60m as; It can be straight line that each bar receives line, but can be by the angle route selection (present embodiment is a straight line) of cracking down on the abduction of two-dimentional survey line standard according to on-the-spot needs, and the adjacent reception line parallel is laid.
The laying of shot point of the present invention has broken through wide line must be along the restriction of big gun line laying, can in band, lay shot point according to " keeping away higher position low (referring to face of land elevation); keep away low just high (referring to top layer speed); keep away just slow suddenly; keep away gravel; keep away just to do and wet " location that any selective excitation condition of principle is good, improve the quality that excites of single big gun with regard to rock according to the face of land and near surface geologic condition.
The position of common shot point can not overlap with the reception line and outermost shot point should be laid with interior scope in the interval of the outermost reception line of band Δ L/2.
In the Data Processing process, applying three-dimensional disposal route, the pressure of both having brought into play 3-D and the wide line effect of making an uproar has been avoided their weak point again, forms seismic section and equally uses with two dimensional cross-section fully.Superpose by level during processing, effectively press-space is disturbed, data quality is pressed the effect of making an uproar near 3-d seismic exploration, end result section quality obviously improves, and it is obvious mainly to show as the reflection wave groups feature, and the usable reflection lineups are more continuous, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of data improves, structure detail is more clear simultaneously, and form and the development characteristics (accompanying drawing 3-b) of having implemented certain structure provide foundation for disposing prospect pit, are fit to very much the two dimension exploration of intricately list area.
The concrete construction parameter of present embodiment is as follows:
Observation form: 4 lines * 5 big guns * 360 roads
Bin size: 15m (indulging) * 30m (horizontal stroke)
Degree of covering: 60 (indulging) * 4 time (horizontal stroke) (middle two CMP lines completely cover 240 times)
Reception channel number: 1440 roads
Track pitch: 30m
Shotpoint spacing: 60m
Receive line-spacing: 60m
Perpendicular offset: 90m
Minimum geophone offset: 33.5m
Maximum offset: 5389m
Minimum non-advance: 30m
Maximum non-advance: 210m
Vertical arrangement mode: 5385-15-30-15-5385
Claims (4)
1. the ribbon earthquake collection method of an intricately list area is characterized in that adopting following steps:
1) adopt multi-thread mode to receive, receive the several known geophysical parameterses of line and determine that concrete grammar is as follows according to block:
A, elder generation determine adjacent two line-spacings that receive lines, do not produce spatial aliasing, require Δ L≤v/ (4Fsin α);
Wherein: Δ L: receive line-spacing, V: zone of interest root-mean-square velocity, F: zone of interest dominant frequency, α: zone of interest inclination maximum;
B, n 〉=λ/Δ L+1, n: receive the line number, λ: the interference wave maximum wavelength, determine by given data or conventional investigation;
2) position of adjacent take-up is parallel to each other;
3) in band, lay shot point according to the face of land and near surface geologic condition;
4) carry out earthquake data acquisition, geological data is handled the applying three-dimensional disposal route, forms seismic section.
2. the ribbon earthquake collection method of a kind of intricately according to claim 1 list area is characterized in that: the geologic condition that the described shot point of step 3 is laid is preferentially selected low or top layer speed height of face of land elevation or surface slope is slow or face of land lithology is good or surface humidity is big place.
3. the ribbon earthquake collection method of a kind of intricately according to claim 1 list area is characterized in that: the position of step 3 shot point shot point can not be chosen in to receive on the line and in the interval of band outermost reception line Δ L/2 and lay with interior scope.
4. the ribbon earthquake collection method of a kind of intricately according to claim 1 list area is characterized in that: step 1 or 2 described reception lines are straight lines or by the angle route selection of cracking down on the abduction of two-dimentional survey line standard.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102213770A (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-12 | 罗仁泽 | Combined area excitation receiving method for seismic data in low signal-to-noise ratio area |
| CN102262240A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2011-11-30 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Method for automatically arranging geophone points and demodulator probes in overall coverage area of three-dimensional observation system |
| CN101520516B (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2012-02-29 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Method for pre-stack like-two-dimensional transform of three-dimensional seismic record |
| CN102778689A (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-11-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Wide curved line seismic data underground reflection line building method |
| CN102998698A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2013-03-27 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for acquiring large-azimuth seismic data by aid of bunched submarine cables |
| CN103698807A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-02 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system design method |
| CN104597496A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-05-06 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Three-dimensional space homing method for speed in two-dimensional seismic data |
| CN112180428A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-01-05 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Push-pull type observation system receiving relation generation method and device |
| CN112379407A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-19 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Matching method and device for number of vibroseis excitation combination units and covering times |
| CN112394389A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-02-23 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and system for determining shot-geophone inspection point of two-dimensional seismic exploration curved line |
| CN112462422A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-03-09 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Desert area three-dimensional seismic exploration physical point location automatic design method and device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5258960A (en) * | 1992-11-27 | 1993-11-02 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Seismic velocity estimation method |
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2006
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101520516B (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2012-02-29 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Method for pre-stack like-two-dimensional transform of three-dimensional seismic record |
| CN102213770A (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-12 | 罗仁泽 | Combined area excitation receiving method for seismic data in low signal-to-noise ratio area |
| CN102213770B (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2013-04-17 | 罗仁泽 | Combined area excitation receiving method for seismic data in low signal-to-noise ratio area |
| CN102778689B (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2015-02-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Wide curved line seismic data underground reflection line building method |
| CN102778689A (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-11-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Wide curved line seismic data underground reflection line building method |
| CN102262240A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2011-11-30 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Method for automatically arranging geophone points and demodulator probes in overall coverage area of three-dimensional observation system |
| CN102262240B (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2013-04-03 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Method for automatically arranging geophone points and demodulator probes in overall coverage area of three-dimensional observation system |
| CN102998698A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2013-03-27 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for acquiring large-azimuth seismic data by aid of bunched submarine cables |
| CN102998698B (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2015-08-19 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of pencil subsea cable wide-azimuth seismic data acquisition method |
| CN103698807A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-02 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system design method |
| CN103698807B (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2016-06-08 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system design method |
| CN104597496A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-05-06 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Three-dimensional space homing method for speed in two-dimensional seismic data |
| CN104597496B (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2017-08-25 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | A kind of three dimensions method for homing of 2-d seismic data medium velocity |
| CN112180428A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-01-05 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Push-pull type observation system receiving relation generation method and device |
| CN112180428B (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2023-12-26 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Push-pull observation system receiving relation generation method and device |
| CN112394389A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-02-23 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and system for determining shot-geophone inspection point of two-dimensional seismic exploration curved line |
| CN112379407A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-19 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Matching method and device for number of vibroseis excitation combination units and covering times |
| CN112462422A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-03-09 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Desert area three-dimensional seismic exploration physical point location automatic design method and device |
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