CN101551464B - Complex surface three-dimensional exploration first-motion wave time determining method - Google Patents
Complex surface three-dimensional exploration first-motion wave time determining method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a complex surface three-dimensional exploration first-motion wave time determining method utilized in oil geophysical prospection. The method is realized through the following steps: a sectorial subregion is divided by taking a shot point as a circle center in the area surrounding the shot point position of a seed cannon and a rectangular region; fitting a straight line to the first-motion wave time on the shot-geophone distance so as to obtain the slope of the straight line; the apparent velocity of each path of the seed cannon is calculated by utilizing weighted distance; a non-seed cannon surrounding the seed cannon and nearest the seed cannon is taken as an extrapolation object; and the time difference caused by the distance difference between the seed cannon and the non-seed cannon is calculated, so as to obtain the first-motion wave time of the non-seed cannon by calculating the time difference and the first-motion wave time of the seed cannon. The invention has the advantages that the first-motion wave estimating efficiency is improved by times; the handling quality is improved; the exploring accuracy is improved; and the first-motion wave time determining method of the position of stratum containing oil and gas is better carried out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to reflection wave seismic data processing technology in the physical prospecting, specifically is to utilize three-dimensional seed big gun primary wave time and apparent velocity thereof to determine that a kind of of non-seed big gun primary wave time determines method in the complex surface three-dimensional exploration first-motion wave time on every side.
Background technology
Along with the progress of exploration engineering, the road number that 3D seismic data is gathered is more and more, and the road number of big gun record develops into several thousand present roads even road up to ten thousand by original hundreds of road, and it is increasing to cause three-dimensional first arrival to pick up workload.In addition, the complicated earth surface condition has also changed the first arrival signal quality, has increased the difficulty that first arrival is picked up.Under these circumstances, quick and effective three-dimensional first arrival pickup technology just becomes the technology of being badly in need of in the geological data processing.
About the first arrival automatic pick method, the method based on amplitude or energy is arranged, as peak amplitude method or energy ratio method; Method based on signal frequency information is arranged, as cross-correlation method; Also have based on primary wave and be different from background noise and have the fractal method of obvious morphological feature partially; Method that the technique of image edge detection utilized discerns automatically etc. is also arranged.Higher when the primary wave signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), when consistance was better, as marine data or Plain data, these methods were effective; When the face of land rises and falls, the complicated variation of surface materials causes the changing of the relative positions of primary wave phase place, and the interference wave of growing is when causing primary wave seriously to distort again, and automatic pick method does not usually prove effective.
Pick up scheme about first arrival, have based on earth's surface-consistent principle and utilization and pick up the result on a small quantity and reflect the scheme of calculating automatically when postponing; Also have non-seed big gun is hinted obliquely in the first arrival of seed big gun, manually guide the scheme that adds automatic tracking then.Because these schemes need a large amount of manual interventions, it is not high to cause first arrival to pick up efficient.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of raising first arrival to pick up efficient, improve to handle quality, and the complex surface three-dimensional exploration first-motion wave time of improving surveying accuracy and implementing the hydrocarbon-bearing formation position is better determined method.
Specific implementation step of the present invention comprises:
1) adopt conventional means to gather three-dimensional prestack big gun collection geological data;
The described conventional means of step 1) is meant that the reception line at employing wave detector place is vertical mutually with the excitation line at focus place, and it is parallel to each other to receive line, and all receive the pencil recording geometry that lines form a rectangle band.
2) determine that making an uproar than high big gun in the big gun collection geological data is the seed big gun; For each trace record of seed big gun collection geological data, determine the primary wave time and preserve and to pick up the result;
3) for the rectangular area at seed big gun sp location and place, acceptance point position thereof, be the center of circle, evenly divide fan-shaped subregion with the shot point;
The described fan-shaped subregion of step 3) is 16 to 32.
4) in each subregion, divide the geophone offset section according to the ascending order of geophone offset, on each geophone offset section, with each recording channel primary wave time adjustment on the seed big gun to the elevation at first trace record place, with least square method the primary wave time on this geophone offset section is carried out fitting a straight line, obtain the slope of straight line, with the inverse of slope apparent velocity as this geophone offset section first arrival curve; The described geophone offset section of step 4) is to be divided into 3 to 5 sections according to the ascending order of geophone offset section.
5) make corresponding this Duan Shoudao of apparent velocity position of geophone offset section first arrival curve, utilize the distance weighted apparent velocity that calculates each road of seed big gun;
Step 5) described distance weighted be that known distance between two points is L, the apparent velocity on it is respectively V
1, V
2, calculate the apparent velocity V of any one unknown point on these 2 lines
x, at first calculate the distance L of this unknown point and two known points
1And L
2, calculate scale-up factor then
With
The apparent velocity of this unknown point is so
Here it is distance weighted formula.
6) according at the pencil layout chart, with around the seed big gun and apart from the object of the nearest non-seed big gun of seed big gun as extrapolation;
7) if the road of identical acceptance point is arranged in the middle of seed big gun and the non-seed big gun, according to the apparent velocity on face of land comformity relation and the seed road, the time difference that calculating causes because of seed big gun and non-the two range difference of seed big gun, the primary wave time in this time difference and seed road is done algebraic operation, obtain the primary wave time in non-seed road.
The road that does not have identical acceptance point in the described seed big gun of step 7) and the non-seed big gun, with in the non-seed big gun with non-seed road that close on and road that the primary wave time is known as the seed road, according to the refraction wave propagation law and utilize apparent velocity on the seed road, the time difference that calculating causes because of seed road and the two range difference of non-seed road, the primary wave time in this time difference and seed road is done algebraic operation, obtain the primary wave time in non-seed road.
The efficient of first arrival of the present invention prediction significantly improves, and has improved the processing quality, and the complex surface three-dimensional exploration first-motion wave time of improving surveying accuracy and implementing the hydrocarbon-bearing formation position is better determined method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the seed big gun data selected of the present invention and the first arrival of picking up;
Fig. 2 is the non-seed big gun data determined of the present invention and the first arrival of determining.
Embodiment
Instantiation of the present invention is:
1, gather and read and show the three-dimensional big gun collection of prestack geological data, this big gun collection comprises 3 arrangements nearer apart from shot point.For reducing data space, data are intercepted, the primary wave part that a retention time is less is seen Fig. 1.Meanwhile, read shot point and acceptance point relation information.
2, for shot gather data shown in Figure 1, think that its signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is higher, can be defined as the seed big gun.Pick up the first arrival in each road of seed big gun, see primary wave labelled-moieties among Fig. 1.
3, for seed big gun shown in Figure 1, shot point is made as initial point, sets up the cross coordinate system.Shot point and all geophone stations are placed coordinate system.Two cross spiders that utilize ordinate to equate with horizontal ordinate ratio are divided into upper and lower, four zones in a left side and the right side with coordinate plane.Secondary is carried out in each zone divide, be divided into 8 equal sub regions again.Like this, with the shot point center just, coordinate plane is divided into 32 sub regions, formed 32 less azimuth coverages.
4, in each subregion, it is divided into 3 sections according to the big young pathbreaker of geophone offset, and both little geophone offset section, middle geophone offset section and big geophone offset section are so that the situation of simulation direct wave and two groups of refraction waves.First break time to the road in each geophone offset section is carried out elevation correction, and used speed is Chang Su, and this speed is provided in advance by the user.Utilize then least square method to after proofreading and correct in every section first break time---geophone offset is asked for the slope of straight line to carrying out fitting a straight line, with the inverse of slope apparent velocity as this section first arrival curve.
5, in calculating each subregion, each geophone offset section, after the apparent velocity of first arrival curve, utilize the instantaneous velocity on each road of distance weighted interpolation calculation, set up seed big gun apparent velocity field.
What 6, seed big gun shown in Figure 1 adopted is typical three-dimensional pencil recording geometry, and the surface elevation change degree is moderate, can select a bigger extrapolation scope to this.With the seed big gun is the center of circle, is that radius is drawn a circle with 280 meters, the scope that the fixed scope of this circle is extrapolated for the seed big gun.In circle, always have 15 big guns, non-seed emplacement shown in Figure 2 is apart from a seed big gun big gun farthest in circumference.
7, at first, find out in the middle of non-seed big gun and have the road of identical acceptance point with the seed big gun and determine that it satisfies face of land comformity relation, the residue road is defined as not satisfying the road of earth's surface-consistent relation.Then to satisfying the road of face of land comformity relation, obtain the poor of the difference of it and seed road geophone offset and shot point elevation, just can obtain the time difference that the difference of the difference of geophone offset and elevation causes by the apparent velocity on this road, this time difference is added to the first arrival of seed road gets on, just obtained the first arrival in this non-seed road.All non-seed roads that satisfy face of land comformity relation are all carried out above-mentioned processing, with regard to the measurable first arrival that goes out these roads.
8, for the road (not knowing) that does not satisfy earth's surface-consistent relation in the non-seed big gun, we can utilize and be adjacent and the road (knowing) of known first arrival, extrapolate and calculate its first break time according to the refraction relation.Concrete steps comprise: at first find around not knowing and know; Utilize the difference and the apparent velocity poor, elevation of the two geophone offset to obtain the poor of first break time then; Again the difference of this first break time is added to the first arrival of known road at last and gets on, just obtained the first arrival of not knowing.All are not known all carry out above-mentioned processing, just can extrapolate their first break time.Like this, the first break time in all roads has just been calculated in the non-seed big gun.Because the prediction and the extrapolation work of first break time are all finished by computing machine, and the non-seed big gun of all 15 big guns around can calculating by a big gun seed big gun, so the efficient of first arrival prediction will significantly improve.
Claims (4)
1. a complex surface three-dimensional exploration first-motion wave time is determined method, it is characterized in that adopting following concrete steps to realize:
1) adopt conventional means to gather three-dimensional prestack big gun collection geological data;
2) determine that the big gun that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is high in the big gun collection geological data is the seed big gun; For each trace record of seed big gun collection geological data, determine the primary wave time and preserve and to pick up the result;
3) for the rectangular area at seed big gun sp location and place, acceptance point position thereof, be the center of circle, evenly divide fan-shaped subregion with the shot point;
4) in each subregion, divide the geophone offset section according to the ascending order of geophone offset, on each geophone offset section, with each recording channel primary wave time adjustment on the seed big gun to the elevation at first trace record place, with least square method the primary wave time on this geophone offset section is carried out fitting a straight line, obtain the slope of straight line, with the inverse of slope apparent velocity as this geophone offset section first arrival curve;
5) make corresponding this Duan Shoudao of apparent velocity position of geophone offset section first arrival curve, utilize the distance weighted apparent velocity that calculates each road of seed big gun;
Described distance weighted be that known distance between two points is L, the apparent velocity on it is respectively V
1, V
2, calculate the apparent velocity V of any one unknown point on these 2 lines
x, at first calculate the distance L of this unknown point and two known points
1And L
2, calculate scale-up factor then
With
The apparent velocity of this unknown point is so
Here it is distance weighted formula;
6) according at the pencil layout chart, with around the seed big gun and apart from the object of the nearest non-seed big gun of seed big gun as extrapolation;
7) if the road of identical acceptance point is arranged in the middle of seed big gun and the non-seed big gun, according to the apparent velocity on face of land comformity relation and the seed road, the time difference that calculating causes because of seed big gun and non-the two range difference of seed big gun, the primary wave time in this time difference and seed road is done algebraic operation, obtain the primary wave time in non-seed road;
The road that does not have identical acceptance point in described seed big gun and the non-seed big gun, with in the non-seed big gun with non-seed road that close on and road that the primary wave time is known as the seed road, according to the refraction wave propagation law and utilize apparent velocity on the seed road, the time difference that calculating causes because of seed road and the two range difference of non-seed road, the primary wave time in this time difference and seed road is done algebraic operation, obtain the primary wave time in non-seed road.
2. the complex surface three-dimensional exploration first-motion wave time according to claim 1 is determined method, it is characterized in that the described conventional means of step 1) is meant that the reception line at employing wave detector place is vertical mutually with the excitation line at focus place, the reception line is parallel to each other, and all receive the pencil recording geometry that line forms a rectangle band.
3. the complex surface three-dimensional exploration first-motion wave time according to claim 1 is determined method, it is characterized in that the described fan-shaped subregion of step 3) is 16 to 32.
4. the complex surface three-dimensional exploration first-motion wave time according to claim 1 is determined method, it is characterized in that the described geophone offset section of step 4) is to be divided into 3 to 5 sections according to the ascending order of geophone offset section.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102073067B (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2012-12-12 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for increasing automatic pickup efficiency of geological data first-motion waves |
| CN102243320B (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2013-03-20 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for picking seismic wave first break |
| CN104266894B (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-12-07 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of mine microquake signal preliminary wave moment extracting method based on correlation analysis |
| CN110261899B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2021-03-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Seismic data Z-shaped interference wave removing method |
| CN112241021B (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2023-05-26 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | First arrival picking method and device |
| CN112394389A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-02-23 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and system for determining shot-geophone inspection point of two-dimensional seismic exploration curved line |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1128373C (en) * | 2001-01-21 | 2003-11-19 | 周熙襄 | Short wavelength static correction method of seismic prospecting data with preliminary refraction wave |
| CN101086534A (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2007-12-12 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Demodulator probe secondary localization method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1128373C (en) * | 2001-01-21 | 2003-11-19 | 周熙襄 | Short wavelength static correction method of seismic prospecting data with preliminary refraction wave |
| CN101086534A (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2007-12-12 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Demodulator probe secondary localization method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 牛沛琛等.基于数字图像处理的地震波初至时间检测.《计算机与现代化》.2007,(第4期),27-30. * |
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