CN103698807A - Scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system design method - Google Patents
Scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a scalariform two-dimensional wide-band observation system design method improving the signal-to-noise ratio of a seismic prospecting imaging section. The method comprises the following steps: applying known seismic data and well data; investigating the apparent velocities and wave lengths of interference waves on the side face of an exploratory area; determining the minimum and maximum widths, the maximum receiving line interval and the receiving line number of an observation system as well as the element intervals of a geophone array; symmetrically combining geophones into basic units in the horizontal and vertical directions by taking receiving points as centers, wherein the transverse array lengths are equal to receiving line intervals, the vertical and horizontal array lengths are equal to track pitches, and the basic units are combined in a matching way in the vertical and horizontal directions according to the geophones. With adoption of the method, spatial continuous noise suppressing is realized, so that the effect that the receiving lines of the observation system unite to suppress noise horizontally is really realized, simultaneously the deficiency in spatial sampling is made up to, avoid alias noise, and improvement of the quality of a source material and the signal-to-noise ratio of the imaging section is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic data acquisition parameter designing, is mainly the wide line recording geometry method for designing of a kind of scalariform two dimension.
Background technology
Complex Mountain is all generally tectonic movement strong deformation region, and earth's surface and underground structure are all very complicated, grows polytype strong energy noise, and source book signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is extremely low.Seismic wave field is extremely complicated, and data imaging is very difficult.From starting at the end of last century Mountainous Seismic Exploration Technology, had very great development, but in some extremely complicated areas, seismic data quality still achieves no breakthrough, seriously restricted the oil-gas exploration and development progress in relevant area.
Existing two-dimensional observation system, according to physical model and testing data, prove bin size and guarantee that the requirement of geologic objective lateral resolution, enough spread lengths guarantee the sampling of steep dip geologic body, suitable degree of covering to guarantee that stack velocity and residual static correction ask for, such recording geometry is adapted to the region that source book has certain signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).In low signal-to-noise ratio district, conventional two-dimensional observation system does not meet the requirement of data imaging, so developed and take conventional two-dimensional observation system and be the laterally large combination technique on basis, object is that compacting side noise improves source book quality, such observed pattern be adapted to side noise direction extremely strong and combination the time difference compared with zonule, limited in the region that topographic relief is violent.So for the violent low signal-to-noise ratio district rising and falling of landform, developed wide line observation technology, but wide line acquisition method in the past, general only consider to increase laterally receive a line number and improve degree of covering, and etween the lines is pressed to make an uproar continuously, consider deficiency, cause wide line laterally to press the ability of making an uproar greatly to reduce.
Summary of the invention
The wide line recording geometry method for designing of scalariform two dimension that provides a kind of adaptation to the ground to rise and fall violent region is provided the object of the invention.
The present invention realizes by following steps:
1) gather earthquake and well data; or apply known seismic section, velocity spectrum and well data; extract zone of interest double-pass reflection time, the stratigraphic dip time difference and stack velocity or buried depth of strata information, the frequency that will protect in conjunction with geological tasks is determined bin size, spread length.
2) known seismic interpretation section and structural map, velocity spectrum or the well data in application exploratory area, extracts stratigraphic dip and interval velocity information, and the frequency that will protect in conjunction with geological tasks is determined breadth extreme.
Step 2) described breadth extreme is to protect that the significant wave of short-sighted wavelength can be with transverse width superimposed and that limit.
3) apparent wavelength of single big gun material computation strong refraction interference wave that apparent velocity, apparent cycle, group number and the intensity of investigation exploratory area scattered noise or application have been obtained, determines minimum widith.
Minimum widith described in step 3) is to suppress the strongest scattered noise and the transverse width that limits.
4) with the greatest combined cardinal distance of surface-level model speed, the restriction of the thickness data calculation combination time difference, determine the maximum line-spacing that receives.
It is that protection receiver pattern is not suppressed significant wave and the greatest combined cardinal distance that limits that maximum described in step 4) receives line-spacing.According to significant wave, do not distorted, the calculating significant wave described in step 4) should not distort.
5) according to the expectation degree of covering of the Statistical Effect design that repeatedly superposes, determine and receive line number;
Definite reception line number described in step 5) is: after reception line number subtracts 1, be multiplied by reception line-spacing and should equal recording geometry width, receive line-spacing and be not more than the maximum line-spacing that receives, recording geometry width is not less than minimum widith and is not more than breadth extreme;
6), according to the relevant radius of work area random noise, determine the element interval of receiver pattern;
7) centered by acceptance point, wave detector is become to elementary cell along horizontal and vertical Symmetric Composite respectively, transverse combination cardinal distance equals to receive line-spacing, and array length equals track pitch in length and breadth;
8) elementary cell is combined according to wave detector vertical and horizontal coupling.
Coupling combination described in step 8) is to receive line to be connected in the horizontal with the elementary cell receiving between line, and the elementary cell of same reception line is connected in the vertical, forms scalariform two-dimensional observation system.
The present invention has overcome two-dimensional observation system in the past and has pressed the uncontinuity of the characteristic of making an uproar, receives to combine between line and press the alias noise that the ability of making an uproar, spatial sampling deficiency cause and the combination time difference that laterally large combination the causes deficiency to the adverse effect of significant wave and static correction and the aspect such as illumination intensity is inadequate, having realized space presses and makes an uproar continuously, thereby real realization between reception line combined laterally and pressed and make an uproar, the present invention simultaneously also makes up spatial sampling deficiency and avoids alias noise, is conducive to improve source book quality and imaging section signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).The present invention is applicable to the growth of scattering noise, original signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is low, needs to strengthen the area of laterally pressing make an uproar ability and high degree of covering.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the present invention in detail.
The concrete implementation step of the present invention is as follows:
1) gather earthquake and well data; or apply known seismic section, velocity spectrum and well data; extract zone of interest double-pass reflection time, the stratigraphic dip time difference and stack velocity or buried depth of strata information, the frequency that will protect in conjunction with geological tasks is determined bin size, spread length.
Bin size≤stratigraphic dip time difference (unit: rice/millisecond) divided by the protection frequencies of 2 times (unit: hertz)
Spread length ≈ equals buried depth of strata
2) known seismic interpretation section and structural map, velocity spectrum or the well data in application exploratory area, extracts stratigraphic dip and interval velocity information, and the frequency that will protect in conjunction with geological tasks is determined breadth extreme.
Step 2) described breadth extreme is to protect that the significant wave of short-sighted wavelength can be with transverse width superimposed and that limit.
Breadth extreme Wy is the twice of CDP bin transverse width.
If CDP bin transverse width is Ly, destination layer apparent dip is in the horizontal α, and be t1 the reflection interval arriving at first in same CDP bin, and be t2 the reflection interval finally arriving, and has:
T2-t1=2 * Ly * tg α/Vi (Vi is interval velocity)
Reflection wave in CDP bin width can, with superimposed, have:
2Ly * tg α/Vi≤T/4=1/4Fp (T is for protection frequency period, Fp are for protecting frequency)
That is, breadth extreme Wy=2 * Ly≤Vi/4Fptg α
3) apparent wavelength of single big gun material computation strong refraction interference wave that apparent velocity, apparent cycle, group number and the intensity of investigation exploratory area scattered noise or application have been obtained, determines minimum widith.
Minimum widith described in step 3) is to suppress the strongest scattered noise and the transverse width that limits.
Minimum widith is more than or equal to the maximum apparent wavelength of strong scattered noise.
4) with the greatest combined cardinal distance of surface-level model speed, the restriction of the thickness data calculation combination time difference, determine the maximum line-spacing that receives.
It is that protection receiver pattern is not suppressed significant wave and the greatest combined cardinal distance that limits that maximum described in step 4) receives line-spacing.
In above formula: T is significant wave period, L is array length, h
0for significant wave layer depth reflectingly, V is formation velocity, and △ H is the combination discrepancy in elevation, V
hfor the formation velocity in the combination discrepancy in elevation, x is offset distance.
5) according to the expectation degree of covering of the Statistical Effect design that repeatedly superposes, determine and receive line number;
RLN=Fold
exX×2SI
In above formula: Fold
exfor expectation degree of covering, RLN is for receiving line number, and X is spread length, and SI is shotpoint spacing
Described definite reception line number is: after reception line number subtracts 1, be multiplied by reception line-spacing and should equal recording geometry width, receive line-spacing and be not more than the maximum line-spacing that receives, recording geometry width is not less than minimum widith and is not more than breadth extreme;
6), according to the relevant radius of work area random noise, determine the element interval of receiver pattern;
7) centered by acceptance point, wave detector is become to elementary cell along horizontal and vertical Symmetric Composite respectively, transverse combination cardinal distance equals to receive line-spacing, and array length equals track pitch in length and breadth;
8) elementary cell is combined according to wave detector vertical and horizontal coupling.
Described coupling combination is to receive line to be connected in the horizontal with the elementary cell receiving between line, and the elementary cell of same reception line is connected in the vertical, forms scalariform two-dimensional observation system.
The present invention further implements in the following ways in concrete embodiment:
Zone of fracture, contrary cover the explorations such as nappe, low wave impedance geologic body, increase the illumination intensity to geologic body, should increase horizontal big gun line number receiving between line, form many big guns multi-thread " the wide line recording geometry of scalariform two dimension ".
Earth's surface is smooth, the exploration of underground buried hill or weak plastid reflectingly, " the wide line recording geometry of scalariform two dimension " of suitable many big guns of employing two-wire.
High steep tectonic province, when acceptance point spacing does not meet high steep structure imaging, can dock take-up and carry out part track pitch changing of the relative positions, forms " the wide line recording geometry of scalariform two dimension " of distortion.
Claims (6)
1. the wide line recording geometry method for designing of scalariform two dimension, feature is to realize by following steps:
1) gather earthquake and well data, or apply known seismic section, velocity spectrum and well data, extract zone of interest double-pass reflection time, the stratigraphic dip time difference and stack velocity or buried depth of strata information, the frequency that will protect in conjunction with geological tasks is determined bin size, spread length;
2) known seismic interpretation section and structural map, velocity spectrum or the well data in application exploratory area, extracts stratigraphic dip and interval velocity information, and the frequency that will protect in conjunction with geological tasks is determined breadth extreme;
3) apparent wavelength of single big gun material computation strong refraction interference wave that apparent velocity, apparent cycle, group number and the intensity of investigation exploratory area scattered noise or application have been obtained, determines minimum widith;
4) with the greatest combined cardinal distance of surface-level model speed, the restriction of the thickness data calculation combination time difference, determine the maximum line-spacing that receives;
5) according to the expectation degree of covering of the Statistical Effect design that repeatedly superposes, determine and receive line number;
6), according to the relevant radius of work area random noise, determine the element interval of receiver pattern;
7) centered by acceptance point, wave detector is become to elementary cell along horizontal and vertical Symmetric Composite respectively, transverse combination cardinal distance equals to receive line-spacing, and array length equals track pitch in length and breadth;
8) elementary cell is combined according to wave detector vertical and horizontal coupling.
2. method according to claim 1, feature is step 2) described breadth extreme is to protect that the significant wave of short-sighted wavelength can be with transverse width superimposed and that limit.
3. method according to claim 1, feature is that the minimum widith described in step 3) is to suppress the strongest scattered noise and the transverse width that limits.
4. method according to claim 1, feature is that to receive line-spacing be that protection receiver pattern is not suppressed significant wave and the greatest combined cardinal distance that limits to the maximum described in step 4).According to significant wave, do not distorted, the calculating significant wave described in step 4) should not distort.
5. method according to claim 1, feature is that the definite reception line number described in step 5) is: after reception line number subtracts 1, be multiplied by reception line-spacing and should equal recording geometry width, receive line-spacing and be not more than the maximum line-spacing that receives, recording geometry width is not less than minimum widith and is not more than breadth extreme.
6. the combination of the coupling described in step 8) is to receive line to be connected in the horizontal with the elementary cell receiving between line, and the elementary cell of same reception line is connected in the vertical, forms scalariform two-dimensional observation system.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN104199083A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-10 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method and device for determining wide-line seismological observation system |
| CN105093268A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-25 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method and device based on wave field illumination design observation |
| CN106501841A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-03-15 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of Optimization Design of two-dimentional wode line seismic observation system and device |
| CN108845349A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-20 | 中国海洋大学 | Arrangement width design method based on energy |
| CN110174697A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-27 | 中国煤炭地质总局物测队 | A kind of the change sight simulation system and its analogy method of 3-d seismic exploration |
| CN111025390A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-17 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Seismic data acquisition method and device |
| CN111538078A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-14 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Observation mode determination method and device of two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system |
| CN111983673A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-11-24 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining receiving line distance of three-dimensional seismic observation system |
| CN112698394A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-23 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining size of design surface element of two-dimensional observation system |
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Cited By (14)
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| CN104199083A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-10 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method and device for determining wide-line seismological observation system |
| CN105093268A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-25 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method and device based on wave field illumination design observation |
| CN105093268B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2018-04-03 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of method and device based on wave field Lighting Design observation system parameter |
| CN106501841A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-03-15 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of Optimization Design of two-dimentional wode line seismic observation system and device |
| CN106501841B (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-08-14 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of optimum design method and device of two dimension wode line seismic observation system |
| CN108845349B (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2020-10-16 | 中国海洋大学 | Energy-based arrangement width design method |
| CN108845349A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-20 | 中国海洋大学 | Arrangement width design method based on energy |
| CN111983673A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-11-24 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining receiving line distance of three-dimensional seismic observation system |
| CN111983673B (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2023-08-22 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining receiving line distance of three-dimensional seismic observation system |
| CN110174697A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-27 | 中国煤炭地质总局物测队 | A kind of the change sight simulation system and its analogy method of 3-d seismic exploration |
| CN112698394A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-23 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining size of design surface element of two-dimensional observation system |
| CN112698394B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2022-11-04 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining size of design surface element of two-dimensional observation system |
| CN111025390A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-17 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Seismic data acquisition method and device |
| CN111538078A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-14 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Observation mode determination method and device of two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system |
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