CN101819279B - High-precision three-dimensional static correction based on variogram fitting reconfiguration - Google Patents
High-precision three-dimensional static correction based on variogram fitting reconfiguration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional static correction fitting and reconstruction method based on a variation function takes chromatography inversion static correction as basic static correction and takes refraction or other static correction with partial imaging advantage as auxiliary static correction. The invention comprises the steps of: calculating a refraction static correcting value by using first arrival; respectively decomposing a chromatography static correcting value and refraction or other static correcting values in a shot domain and a demodulator probe domain into a low-frequency component and high-frequency components; selecting regions in which imaging effects of the refraction or other static correcting values are better than that of the chromatography static correcting value; fitting a shot static correcting high-frequency component and a demodulator probe static correcting high-frequency component respectively in two regions, processing transitional boundary of the two static correcting high-frequency components by using variation fitting function STAH=(STRH*D1+STCH*D2)/(D1+D2) and reconfiguring the low-frequency component of the chromatography static correcting value and the high-frequency components obtained by the variation function fitting: STA=STCL+STAH. The invention realizes the fitting and reconfiguration of different static correcting values, solves the difficulty of advantage fitting of different static correction methods on complex surface conditions and ensures the reliability of construction form.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the seismic data Processing and Interpretation Technology field of oil seismic exploration, be intended to solve the image quality problem in the seismic data processing, a kind of specifically high-precision three-dimensional static correcting method based on variation function fitting reconfiguration.
Background technology
In recent years, seismic prospecting is to the development of surface conditions areas with complicated such as desert area, loess areal coverage, mountain area, and the geologic province area that the 3-D seismics Data Processing often relates to is big; Face of land type is various, and the near-surface velocity complex structure is changeable, and complex surface conditions is handled to seismic data and caused very big difficulty; Earthquake can not finely be formed images; The true form that can accurately not reflect subsurface geological structure, therefore, accurate estimating table interval velocity model; Eliminating the static correction problem that complicated top layer factor produces on seismic data, is a complex region seismic data Treatment Technology difficult problem.In the seismic data processing procedure, static correction can be isolated low frequency component and two parts of high fdrequency component, and the low frequency static correction value mainly influences the form of the subsurface geological structure of seismic section, and the high frequency static correction value influences the image quality of reflection line-ups.
The purpose that seismic data is handled is exactly on the basis of imaging, guarantees reliable structural feature, and this just need ask for static correction value accurately.At present; Ripe static correcting method has model static correction, primary wave refraction static correction and the static correction of primary wave tomographic inversion etc., and these technology all are to certain specific near-surface model hypothesis and field data collection characteristic, and separately applicable elements and usable range are all arranged; In the complex area that comprises multiple face of land type; Can only preferred a certain static correcting method in the practical study, can't realize the fine match of distinct methods static correction advantage, in the reality at the boundary position of two kinds of static corrections; The dislocation or the shake of seismic section lineups can be occurred, the static correction difficult problem in complicated earth surface district can not be well solved like this.
The technical matters that summary of the invention the present invention will solve is to provide a kind of high-precision three-dimensional static correcting method based on variation function fitting reconfiguration; Method provided by the invention can realize the match and the reconstruct of different static correction values; Well solve the difficult problem of different static correcting method advantage match under the complicated earth surface condition; Effectively improve the image quality of the 3-D seismics section of complicated earth surface topographic condition, guarantee the reliability of structural feature.
It is following that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of taking: a kind of 3D static correction fitting reconfiguration method based on the variation function; It is characterized in that with the tomographic inversion static correction be basic static correction; The static correction that refraction or other have part imaging advantage is auxiliary static correction, and its implementation procedure may further comprise the steps:
1) the production big gun primary wave data in earthquake-capturing work area;
2) be the basis with the primary wave time of accurately picking up, carry out the tomographic inversion static correction value with optimum parameters and calculate;
3) the refraction time of utilizing first arrival to pick up, calculating refraction statics, with step 2) the basic static correction value that calculates carries out the stacking image effect comparison, selects the regional extent that the refraction statics imaging has advantage;
Other static correction value that perhaps utilizes the information of near surface to obtain is with step 2) the basic static correction value that calculates carries out the stacking image effect comparison, selects the regional extent that other static correction value imaging has advantage;
4) the design spread length of constructing based on field acquisition; Form size based on subsurface structure; Confirm the level and smooth radius of low frequency; / 2nd of a structure radius≤low frequency level and smooth radius≤design spread length is decomposed into low frequency component and high fdrequency component in big gun territory and geophone station territory respectively with chromatography static correction value and refraction or other static correction value;
Use ST respectively
A, ST
C, ST
RStatic correction value, chromatography static correction value, refraction or other static correction value after the expression reconstruct are decomposed into separately high fdrequency component and low frequency component according to given spread length Len with chromatography static correction value, refraction or other static correction value:
ST
C＝ST
C L+ST
C H
ST
R＝ST
R L+ST
R H
ST
C LAnd ST
C HBe respectively low frequency and the high frequency static correction value that the chromatography static correction value decomposites; ST
R LAnd ST
R HBe respectively low frequency and the high frequency static correction value that refraction or other static correction value decomposite;
5) on the superposition of data body, utilize quantitative Analysis SNR method, select the zone that refraction or other static correction value imaging effect are better than the chromatography static correction value;
6) in the selected zone of step 5), shot-static correction high frequency content and receiver static correction high frequency content are carried out match in two territories respectively, with variation fitting function ST
A H=(ST
R H* D1+ST
C H* D2)/(D1+D2) border of chromatography static correction high frequency content and refraction or other static correction high frequency content transition is handled; Wherein, D1 is that certain P point is to the distance of boundary line, outside B in the transitional region, and D2 is the distance of P point to the inner boundary dotted line; D1+D2 is the width of transitional region; To confirm D1+D2>=design spread length, the general field construction design spread length of selecting 1/2 to 3/2 times of the value of D1 and D2 according to the design spread length and the size of structure amplitude;
7) in the shot point territory, the geophone station territory carries out reconstruct with the low frequency component of chromatography static correction value with through the high fdrequency component that the match of step 6) variation function obtains respectively, so, through low-and high-frequency separate with reconstruct after static correction value then be: ST
A=ST
C L+ ST
A H
Principle of the present invention is referring to Fig. 1, and Fig. 1 is the high fdrequency component of chromatography static correction and the high fdrequency component fit Plane synoptic diagram of refraction or other static correction.
B is the border of determining according to the stacked section imaging effect among Fig. 1; The inside on the B border; The stacked section signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of chromatography static correction value is lower than refraction or other static correction value, and in order to guarantee the reliable and stacking image effect of low frequency component, the low frequency component of the whole district is taken from chromatography static correction value ST
C L, the outside on the B border, high fdrequency component ST
A HGet the high fdrequency component ST of chromatography static correction value
C H, dotted line to B border is a zone of transition among the figure, at the inside of dotted line, high fdrequency component ST
A HGet the high fdrequency component ST of refraction or other static correction value
R H, P is the point in the zone of transition, its high frequency static correction value then is calculated as follows.
ST
A H＝(ST
R H*D1+ST
C H*D2)/(D1+D2)
Following formula is exactly the variation fitting function of 3D static correction; Wherein, D1 is the distance of P point to boundary line, outside B; D2 is the distance of P point to the inner boundary dotted line, and D1+D2 will confirm according to the spread length and the size of structure amplitude, the general field construction design spread length of selecting 1/2 to 3/2 times of the value of D1 and D2.Like this, in the overlapping region, the transition of the high fdrequency component of the high fdrequency component of chromatography static correction and refraction or other static correction nature can not form the unusual and vestige of correcting value.
So, through the static correction value after low-and high-frequency separation and the reconstruct then be:
ST
A＝ST
C L+ST
A H
With respect to the chromatography static correction value, its structural feature of stacked section that the static correction value after the reconstruct is corresponding does not change, and the section image quality is improved.
The present invention comes down to advantage match and the reconstruct of tomographic inversion static correction with distinct methods static corrections such as refraction inverting static correction or model static corrections.
Method of the present invention is the basis with the non-linear chromatography imaging static correction of accurate low frequency static correction, and the high and low frequency that carries out static correction earlier separates, for the low imaging moiety of local signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio); According to the quality of imaging, choose the high frequency static correction of other static correcting method that the imaging advantage is arranged, like refraction static correction, model static correction etc.; Border two kinds of high frequency static corrections; Carry out match with the variation function, and with the low frequency static correction reconstruct that separates, obtained the new static correction value of a cover.
The inventive method realizes the match and the reconstruct of different static correction values; Well solved the difficult problem of different static correcting method advantage match under the complicated earth surface condition; Effectively improve the image quality of the 3-D seismics section of complicated earth surface topographic condition, guaranteed the reliability of structural feature.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the high fdrequency component of chromatography static correction and the high fdrequency component fit Plane synoptic diagram of refraction or other static correction,
Fig. 2, the face of land, red building spring work area elevation map,
Fig. 3 a is a chromatography static correction value planimetric map,
Fig. 3 b is the refraction statics planimetric map,
Fig. 3 c is the static correction value planimetric map that utilizes based on variation function fitting reconfiguration,
Fig. 4 a is the stacked section of chromatography static correction,
Fig. 4 b is the stacked section of refraction static correction,
Fig. 4 c is the stacked section that utilizes based on the static correction value of variation function fitting reconfiguration,
Fig. 5 a is a chromatography static correction value planimetric map,
Fig. 5 b is a model static correction value planimetric map,
Fig. 5 c is the static correction value planimetric map that utilizes based on variation function fitting reconfiguration,
Fig. 6 a is the stacked section of chromatography static correction,
Fig. 6 b is the stacked section of model static correction,
Fig. 6 c is the stacked section that utilizes based on the static correction value of variation function fitting reconfiguration.
Embodiment application example 1
Red building spring area, Caidamu Basin physical features is comparatively smooth, and relative relief is less, and northern and northeast is gravel sandy beach district, and the south is marsh and saline and alkaline careless beach, and face of land seismic condition is better.Low velocity layer thickness is 4 meters-40 meters range, total variation tendency southwest thickening gradually northeastward of serving as reasons.This northeast, district and the east shallow-layer gravel bed that extensively distributing causes exciting, condition of acceptance is relatively poor, and the face of land, red building spring work area elevation map is seen Fig. 2.Because complicated face of land terrain feature causes this district static correction problem serious with the variation of weathering zone, through repetition test repeatedly, the single static correction technology of discovery employing can't solve the static correction problem in this district.
We utilize variation fitting reconfiguration 3D static correction method of the present invention to do two kinds of static corrections in red building spring area is that chromatography and refraction static correction are handled:
1) the earthquake big gun record with field acquisition carries out the seismic trace editor, for high-quality big gun collection is prepared in first break picking;
2) on single shot record, pick up the primary wave time, exchange the first break time that the inspection of difference curve is picked up, guarantee that first break time picks up accurately with adjacent big gun first arrival curve, shot point and geophone station;
3) utilize the primary wave time of picking up, with the basic static correction value of the tomographic inversion static correcting method calculating whole district, the line parameter optimization of going forward side by side makes the static correction imaging effect of this method reach best;
Fig. 3 a is a chromatography static correction value planimetric map, and it is regional preferably for the imaging of chromatography static correcting method wherein to mark the a-quadrant,
4) the refraction wave time of utilizing first arrival to pick up, calculate the refractive wave static correction amount, the basic static correction value that calculates with step 3) carries out the stacking image effect comparison, selects the regional extent that the imaging of refractive wave static correction amount has advantage;
Fig. 3 b is the refraction statics planimetric map, and it is regional preferably for this static correcting method imaging wherein to mark the B zone,
5) the design spread length of constructing based on field acquisition; Form size based on subsurface structure; Confirm the level and smooth radius of low frequency; / 2nd of a structure radius≤low frequency level and smooth radius≤design spread length is decomposed into low frequency component and high fdrequency component in big gun territory and geophone station territory respectively with chromatography static correction value and refraction or other static correction value;
Use ST respectively
A, ST
C, ST
RStatic correction value, chromatography static correction value, refraction statics after the expression reconstruct are decomposed into separately high fdrequency component and low frequency component according to given spread length Len with chromatography static correction value, refraction statics:
ST
C＝ST
C L+ST
C H
ST
R＝ST
R L+ST
R H
ST
C LAnd ST
C HBe respectively low frequency and the high frequency static correction value that the chromatography static correction value decomposites; ST
R LAnd ST
R HBe respectively low frequency and the high frequency static correction value that refraction statics decomposites;
6) on the superposition of data body, utilize quantitative Analysis SNR method, select the zone that the refraction statics imaging effect is better than the chromatography static correction value; Fig. 4 a is the stacked section of chromatography static correction, and it is regional preferably for this static correcting method imaging wherein to mark the a-quadrant, and Fig. 4 b is the stacked section of refraction static correction, and it is regional preferably for this static correcting method imaging wherein to mark the B zone,
7) in the selected zone of step 6), shot-static correction high frequency content and receiver static correction high frequency content are carried out match in two territories respectively, the border of two kinds of static correction high frequency contents transition is with variation fitting function ST
A H=(ST
R H* D1+ST
C H* D2)/(D1+D2) handle; Wherein, D1 is that certain P point is to the distance of boundary line, outside B in the transitional region, and D2 is the distance of P point to the inner boundary dotted line; D1+D2 is the width of transitional region; To confirm according to the design spread length and the size of structure amplitude, D1+D2>=design spread length, the value of D1 and D2 is 1/2 field construction design spread length;
8) in the shot point territory, the geophone station territory carries out reconstruct with the low frequency component of chromatography static correction value with through the high fdrequency component that the match of step 6) variation function obtains respectively, through low-and high-frequency separate with reconstruct after static correction value then be: ST
A=ST
C L+ ST
A H
Fig. 3 c is the static correction value planimetric map that utilizes based on variation function fitting reconfiguration, obviously finds out from Fig. 3 c: mark a-quadrant static correction value does not almost change, and the B zone is the new amount that imaging among Fig. 3 b is reconstructed than the static correction value of good part,
It all is to extract at the place of M line shown in Fig. 3 c that the section of Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b and Fig. 4 c extracts the position.
Fig. 4 c is the stacked section that utilizes based on the static correction value of variation function fitting reconfiguration; Wherein the a-quadrant imaging is suitable with the respective regions of Fig. 4 a; The respective regions of B regional imaging and Fig. 4 b is suitable, therefore is the advantage set of two kinds of static correcting method imagings, and the static correction stacked section structural feature that the variation fitting reconfiguration obtains does not change; Simultaneously section reflection line-ups image quality be improved significantly; Continuity is better, has obtained reasonable static correction effect, has proved the advantage of utilizing based on the static corrections processing technology of variation function fitting reconfiguration.
Application example 2
Bavin mountain area, east piece is positioned at the Dong Chaishan structure, and the work area mean sea level is about 3250-3300 rice.The face of land, whole work area is main with empty sand all, and waning moon shape sand dune, drift sand Liang Zi etc. extensively distribute, and with a spot of Gobi desert.Total physical features is high in the south and low in the north, high in the east and low in the west.The south is rolling sand dune, and the middle part is old stratum (N
1) the exposure district, the north is gravel sandy beach district.The work area water table is darker, excites, condition of acceptance is relatively poor relatively.According to work area near-surface investigation achievement in the past, the work area low velocity layer is thicker, and the low velocity layer variation in thickness is violent; Sand dune district, south, work area high-velocity bed buried depth is a 80-110 rice; Exposure district, old stratum is a 3-15 rice, and the gravel district is a 40-60 rice, and total variation tendency is by north orientation south thickening gradually.The top layer lithology is dry, and the top layer speed difference is big; Because empty husky existence decays seismic wave energy rapidly, reflected energy a little less than.Simultaneously, this district's ground roll, refraction wave, side wave are relatively grown, and complicated landform limited effective enforcement of combination, cause background interference strong, and the record signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is low.In a word, this top layer, district excites, condition of acceptance is relatively poor.Because the complicated face of land terrain feature and the variation of weathering zone cause this district's static correction problem extremely serious,, adopt single static correction technology to solve the static correction problem that to be somebody's turn to do the district equally through test of many times.
Utilize variation fitting reconfiguration 3D static correction technology of the present invention to do the processing of chromatography static correction and model static correction in the Dong Chaishan work area; Fig. 5 a is a chromatography static correction value planimetric map; It is regional regional preferably for the imaging of chromatography static correcting method wherein to mark C, and Fig. 5 b is a model static correction value planimetric map, and it is regional preferably for the imaging of model static correcting method wherein to mark the D zone; Fig. 5 c utilizes the static correction value planimetric map that the present invention is based on variation function fitting reconfiguration; Wherein mark C regional static correction amount and almost do not change, the D zone is the new amount that imaging among Fig. 5 b is reconstructed than the model static correction value of good part
It all is to extract at the place of N line shown in Fig. 5 c that the section of Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b and Fig. 6 c extracts the position;
Fig. 6 a is the stacked section of chromatography static correction, and it is regional preferably for this static correcting method imaging wherein to mark the C zone; Fig. 6 b is the stacked section of model static correction, and it is regional preferably for this static correcting method imaging wherein to mark the D zone; Fig. 6 c is the stacked section that utilizes based on the static correction value of variation function fitting reconfiguration; Wherein the respective regions of C regional imaging and Fig. 6 a quite, the respective regions of D regional imaging and Fig. 6 b is suitable; Find out obviously that from Fig. 6 c the static correction stacked section structural feature that the variation fitting reconfiguration obtains does not change; Simultaneously section reflection line-ups image quality be improved significantly, continuity is better, has obtained reasonable static correction effect.Embodying the present invention is the advantage set of chromatography static correction and the imaging of model static correcting method, and the advantage of utilizing based on the static corrections processing technology of variation function fitting reconfiguration has been described equally.
Claims (1)
1. the 3D static correction fitting reconfiguration method based on the variation function is characterized in that with the tomographic inversion static correction be basic static correction, and the static correction that refraction or other have part imaging advantage is auxiliary static correction, and its implementation procedure may further comprise the steps:
1) the earthquake big gun record with field acquisition carries out the seismic trace editor, for high-quality big gun collection is prepared in first break picking; On single shot record, pick up the primary wave time, exchange the first break time that the inspection of difference curve is picked up, guarantee that first break time picks up accurately with adjacent big gun first arrival curve, shot point and geophone station;
2) be the basis with the primary wave time of accurately picking up, carry out the tomographic inversion static correction value with optimum parameters and calculate;
3) the refraction time of utilizing first arrival to pick up, calculating refraction statics, with step 2) the basic static correction value that calculates carries out the stacking image effect comparison, selects the regional extent that the refraction statics imaging has advantage;
Other static correction value that perhaps utilizes the information of near surface to obtain is with step 2) the basic static correction value that calculates carries out the stacking image effect comparison, selects the regional extent that other static correction value imaging has advantage;
4) the design spread length of constructing based on field acquisition; Form size based on subsurface structure; Confirm the level and smooth radius of low frequency; / 2nd of a structure radius≤low frequency level and smooth radius≤design spread length is decomposed into low frequency component and high fdrequency component in big gun territory and geophone station territory respectively with chromatography static correction value and refraction or other static correction value;
Use ST respectively
A, ST
C, ST
RStatic correction value, chromatography static correction value, refraction or other static correction value after the expression reconstruct are decomposed into separately high fdrequency component and low frequency component according to given spread length Len with chromatography static correction value, refraction or other static correction value:
ST
C＝ST
C L+ST
C H
ST
R＝ST
R L+ST
R H
ST
C LAnd ST
C HBe respectively low frequency and the high frequency static correction value that the chromatography static correction value decomposites; ST
R LAnd ST
R HBe respectively low frequency and the high frequency static correction value that refraction or other static correction value decomposite;
5) on the superposition of data body, utilize quantitative Analysis SNR method, select the zone that refraction or other static correction value imaging effect are better than the chromatography static correction value;
6) in the selected zone of step 5), shot-static correction high frequency content and receiver static correction high frequency content are carried out match in two territories respectively, with variation fitting function ST
A H=(ST
R H* D1+ST
C H* D2)/(D1+D2) border of chromatography static correction high frequency content and refraction or other static correction high frequency content transition is handled; Wherein, D1 is that certain P point is to the distance of boundary line, outside B in the transitional region, and D2 is the distance of P point to the inner boundary dotted line; D1+D2 is the width of transitional region; To confirm D1+D2>=design spread length, the general field construction design spread length of selecting 1/2 to 3/2 times of the value of D1 and D2 according to the design spread length and the size of structure amplitude;
7) in the shot point territory, the geophone station territory carries out reconstruct with the low frequency component of chromatography static correction value with through the high fdrequency component that the match of step 6) variation function obtains respectively, so, through low-and high-frequency separate with reconstruct after static correction value then be: ST
A=ST
C L+ ST
A H
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| CN102004264B (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2015-09-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of earthquake-capturing data quality quantitative test and evaluation method |
| CN102590864A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-18 | 中国石油集团西北地质研究所 | Near-surface modeling method using tomography inversion of two-step method |
| CN103744113A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-04-23 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Method and device for three-dimension seismic data processing |
| CN105093320B (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2018-03-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | For high-speed crystallization salt crust area of coverage tomographic statics first break pickup method |
| CN106569276A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2017-04-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Tomographic static correction fusion method and system for earthquake data |
| CN105467452B (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2018-01-05 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of method and device that static correction is carried out to transitional region |
| CN109557586A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-04-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of static correcting method of mountainous districts data |
| CN111435172A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2020-07-21 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for chromatographic static correction |
| CN109917460B (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2020-08-11 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Model static correction method and device for composite earth surface |
| CN112925025B (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2023-02-10 | 中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所 | Seismic data static correction method and device based on surface waves and electronic equipment |
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| WO2002003102A1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-10 | Pgs Americas, Inc. | Vertical cable time processing |
| CN101393270A (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-03-25 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Continuum area surface layer high precision static correction method |
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| CN101393270A (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-03-25 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Continuum area surface layer high precision static correction method |
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