CN103696773A - Combined open-pit and pit mining process of near-surface ore body - Google Patents
Combined open-pit and pit mining process of near-surface ore body Download PDFInfo
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- CN103696773A CN103696773A CN201310727712.9A CN201310727712A CN103696773A CN 103696773 A CN103696773 A CN 103696773A CN 201310727712 A CN201310727712 A CN 201310727712A CN 103696773 A CN103696773 A CN 103696773A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined open-pit and pit mining process of a near-surface ore body. The process is characterized in that a funnel-shaped ore drawing system is formed and has the characteristics of rock drilling, powder charging, blasting and shoveling in the open air, ore storage in a draw shaft and ore removal in a pit. The process comprises the following specific steps: accurately mining, namely excavating an output haulage roadway in the bottom trend of the ore body, vertically and upwardly excavating one or more draw shafts with combined mining conditions on the lateral wall of the haulage roadway, after the forming of the draw shafts, drilling the mouths of the draw shafts by a drilling machine in the earth surface to form funnel-shaped ore drawing side walls and annular outdoor working steps, gradually changing the small steps to the medium steps along with the mining process, and mounting a vibration ore drawing machine at the lower part of the draw shaft. The mining process is simple and easy to implement, safe and reliable, and can save a large amount of shoveling cost and transporting equipment cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mining technique field, particularly unitized production technology in a kind of outdoor and hole of near surface ore body.
Background technology
At present, along with rising steadily of commodity price constantly increases with demand, all kinds of mining scales are also in rapid expansion, to the near surface in some Medium and smaller mines (covered depth and buried depth sum are less than 60～70m), buried depth exploitation quantity little, just tiltedly (slanting angle of ore body 30-45 degree), anxious hectare of oblique (more than the slanting angle of ore body 45～55 degree) ore body is also being on the increase.These ore bodies mainly contain outdoor and two kinds of exploitation methods of down-hole footrill at present.Strip mining transformation method is from ground, to dig outdoor raceway groove and form exploitation work plane ore extraction is come, and utilizes the large equipments such as rig, excavator, dump truck and digs up mine in the mode in 10-15 rice stage.This method expends a large amount of shovel dresses and transportation (automobile or electric locomotive transportation) expense, and for the squat of exploitation near surface, Technological Economy is obviously unreasonable.Be limited to the reasons such as landform, fund, mine age, this kind of method is not suitable for exploiting such ore body.Down-hole drift mining method is by the sensible ore body of footrill, then according to the requirement of mining methods, utilizes rig to do a series of accurate cutting work of adopting, and finally reaches the object of ore removal.This method is more loaded down with trivial details, has high input, and has certain potential safety hazard.Be necessary to seek a kind of be suitable for those ore deposits amounts less, the production technique of short near surface ore body of life-span, that is to say, carry out a kind ofly without large equipment and simple, less investment, safe and reliable exploitation method, with need that should numerous near surface orebody mining.Summary of the invention
The advantage that the object of the invention is mining in comprehensive surface mining and hole, proposes a kind of near surface orebody mining technique that is applicable to, and has equipment simple, the features such as less investment, production practice are simple, safety, Yi Hang.
The present invention realizes by following technical proposals.
Outdoor and the inline excavating technology of running jointly in hole of near surface ore body, its essence is: along ore body bottom level, move towards to drive in direction the haulage way of transportation use, lateral wall at haulage way drives the drop shaft that forms unitized production condition vertically upward, after drop shaft forms, on earth's surface, with rig, the large funnel ore drawing of drop shaft mouth brush limit wall and formation are with to annular open work step, specifically:
1) according to the occurrence condition of ore body, that is: trend, tendency, inclination angle, thickness, upper lower burrs country rock situation etc., determine the layout of annular open work step, funnel-form ore drawing Bian Bi position and relevant supporting facility that haulage way, drop shaft, drop shaft part suitable for reading connect;
2) adopt standard:
At ore body bottom level, move towards to drive in direction the haulage way of transportation use, in most cases, haulage way will be arranged in ore body lower wall conventionally, its towards cave mouth direction establish 3 ‰～5 ‰ to descending slope, in gallery, establish the facilities such as hydrophobic ditch and ventilation, illumination, lateral wall at haulage way drives the drop shaft that forms unitized production condition perpendicular to ore body, drop shaft upper oral part is divided into funnel-form, and its limit wall angle is greater than ore natural repose angle and is connected with annular open work step.This drop shaft can be arranged in ore body or be arranged in the position close to from ore body, if ore body is longer, along arranging many drop shafts on orebody trend, its spacing is conventionally in 40m～50m left and right, drop shaft adopts suspended bulkhead raising method driving conventionally, be shaped as circle, diameter is in 3m left and right, and the advantage that diameter is large is to reduce the clogging of ore to drop shaft.After drop shaft drives, in drop shaft bottom, vibration ore dumping machine is installed;
3) explosion, mining:
After drop shaft has drived, adopt hand-held drifter to process greatly around the drop shaft explosion brush that carries out suitable for reading, make it to become bell mouth shape, big gun hole will interlock and be evenly arranged, and explosion adopts short-delay blasting, and the ore that explosion is got off is directly from slipping in drop shaft.In this process, should formulate tight measure for construction safety.Along with the carrying out of exploitation, small stair is progressively transitioned into middle step, and annular open work step forms gradually, and at this moment ore can not be slipped into drop shaft certainly, therefore, on annular open work step, adopts scraper, is used for the ore on platform to shovel in drop shaft; With the exception of this, annular open work step can also be as processing the bulk place occurring in explosion;
4) ore removal:
Propelling with exploitation, centered by drop shaft, forms up big and down small infundibulate quarry operation face, by drop shaft top, exploited the ore that gets off by deadweight or scraper scraper, slip into drop shaft, to bottom vibration ore dumping machine, the mine car in the haulage way of ore body bottom transports.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, need not large equipment, small investment, cost of winning is low, saves equipment and the operating costs of a large amount of shovel dresses and transportation;
2, technique is simple, is easy to grasp operation, safe and reliable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be near surface of the present invention, hectare tiltedly, the anxious hectare of oblique vertical perspective view of unitized production technology in the outdoor and hole of ore body.1, the boundary line of ore body, 2, ore, 3, annular open work step, 4, rig, 5, hopper walls, 6, drop shaft, 7, ore body, 8, haulage way, 9, vibration ore dumping machine.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, further illustrate the specific embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, outdoor and the inline excavating technology of running jointly in hole of near surface ore body of the present invention, its essence is to form the funnel shaped ore drawing system on open work field and haulage way, drop shaft and drop shaft mouth top, the feature of this system is outdoor rock drilling, powder charge, explosion, scraper, drop shaft storage ore deposit, ore removal in hole, concrete steps are as follows:
1) according to the occurrence condition of ore body, that is: trend, tendency, inclination angle, thickness, upper lower burrs country rock situation, determine the position of haulage way, drop shaft etc.
2) adopt standard:
At ore body 7 bottom levels, drive haulage way 8, at the lateral wall of haulage way 8, drive vertically upward drop shaft 6; Brush large processing drop shaft 6 is suitable for reading, make it form little medium-sized annular open work step 3, little medium-sized annular open work step 3 highly respectively: 1～1.5m, 5～5.5m;
Its haulage way 8 sections are 3.0 m * 2.5m; At haulage way 8 lateral wall pick drop shafts 6, the section of well is generally circle, diameter 3m, height 40m～50m.Dug after drop shaft 6, at drop shaft 6 end openings, vibration ore dumping machine 9 has been installed.If ore body across pitch is longer, can drive two above drop shafts, its way, parameter are the same;
3) explosion, mining:
Drop shaft 6 picks are to earth's surface, to drop shaft 6 is suitable for reading, brush large processing, form funnel-form ore drawing limit wall 5 and be with annular open work step 3, the described band annular open work step 3 progress steps in the small stair starting is progressively transitioned into exploitation, install vibration ore dumping machine 9 in drop shaft 6 bottoms.To drop shaft 6 is suitable for reading, brushes large processing specific practice and be, adopt hand-held drifter 4 from drop shaft weather part suitable for reading, to start rock drilling big gun hole, described staggered being evenly arranged in big gun hole around centered by drop shaft 6, its big gun hole is arranged:
Blasthole diameter (∮) borehole spacing minimum burden
34mm～42mm 1~1.2m 1.2 m
40mm～80mm 1.2~1.5m 1.5m
On little annular open work step, cut a hole big gun hole: with gadding machine (7655), beat shallow bore hole;
On middle annular open work step, cut a hole big gun hole: with medium-sized hammer drill (Yg-40), hit deep hole;
Bursting work, described big gun hole is staggered to be evenly arranged, and with the progress of exploiting from shallow to deep, more downward rock drilling big gun hole is darker in its big gun hole, then powder charge, explosion, described explosion adopts short-delay blasting and tight-face blasting; Reasonably big gun hole is staggered is evenly arranged and charge constitution, can reduce or prevent slungshot, keeps ore deposit rock completely to leak operation and control and grasp ore deposit rock discharging amount, prevents upper and lower straight line operation.
Short-delay blasting of the present invention is 20-25 microsecond.Adopt short-delay blasting controlled blasting shock wave, vibrations, noise and slungshot effectively; Simple to operate, safe, rapid; Ore reduction degree is good, can improve blasting efficiency and technical economic benefit.
The top clearance degree of tight-face blasting of the present invention is 30%.Tight-face blasting is exactly artificially reserved ore (rock quarrel) of the place ahead, the scope of freedom, Bao district, to improve explosive energy utilization rate and the controlled blasting method of improving fragmentation quality.Mine fragmentation quality improves, and ore deposit rock collides in extrusion process, for reducing the effective ways of boulder yield.
Adopt tight-face blasting under the condition that has loose ore deposit sillar, to carry out explosion, ore deposit rock is squeezed further broken, until exploitation is to drop shaft bottom.
4) ore removal:
Propelling with exploitation, centered by drop shaft 6, form up big and down small annular open work step 3, by drop shaft 6 tops, exploited the ore that gets off by deadweight or scraper scraper to annular open work step 3, through drop shaft 6, slip to bottom vibration ore dumping machine, the mine car in the haulage way 8 of ore body bottom transports.
The present invention is owing to having adopted above-mentioned blasting method, bulk output capacity R≤5%, and much smaller than R≤10%, (experimental data is that R more than 14.5% just leak stopping can occur, and its probability is only also 1.3/10
4), drop shaft 6 sections are along with the mobile friction of a large amount of ores in addition, except the borehole wall become Paint Gloss, mineshaft diameter also can be brushed large more than 10%, therefore the phenomenon that bulk is blocked drop shaft can not occur.
This rational big gun hole is staggered to be evenly arranged and charge constitution, can effectively reduce or prevent slungshot, keeps ore deposit rock completely to leak operation and control and grasp ore deposit rock discharging amount, prevents upper and lower straight line operation.
The present invention exploits the residual ore deposit in latter stage can reclaim funnel bottom with retreating by the method for exploitation foundation in hole.
In order to guarantee the safe and reliable of exploitation, the present invention is provided with ventilation, lighting installation and gutter in described haulage way 8.
Claims (1)
1. the inline excavating technology of running jointly of near surface ore body outdoor and hole, it is characterized in that: along ore body bottom level, move towards to drive in direction the haulage way of transportation use, lateral wall at haulage way drives the drop shaft that forms unitized production condition vertically upward, after drop shaft forms, on earth's surface with rig by the large funnel ore drawing of drop shaft mouth brush limit wall and form annular open work step:
1), described haulage way is usually placed in ore body lower wall, its towards cave mouth direction establish 3 ‰～5 ‰ to descending slope, in gallery, establish gutter, so that draining;
2) described drop shaft can be arranged in ore body or be arranged in the position close to from ore body, if ore body is longer, drop shaft can be arranged a plurality of on orebody trend, and drop shaft spacing in 40m～50m left and right, is shaped as circle conventionally;
3) described funnel-form ore drawing limit wall, its angle is greater than natural repose angle, in the bottom of drop shaft, is installed on vibration ore dumping machine;
4) described annular open work step, with progress step in the small stair starting is progressively transitioned into of exploitation.
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| CN201310727712.9A CN103696773A (en) | 2013-12-26 | 2013-12-26 | Combined open-pit and pit mining process of near-surface ore body |
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| CN201310727712.9A CN103696773A (en) | 2013-12-26 | 2013-12-26 | Combined open-pit and pit mining process of near-surface ore body |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104389606A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-03-04 | 海西博奥工程有限公司 | Novel mine mining technical scheme based on environment protection |
| CN113216958A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-06 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Inverted frustum-shaped ore gathering natural caving mining method |
| CN113669064A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-19 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Natural caving mining method |
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| US4466669A (en) * | 1981-12-18 | 1984-08-21 | Gordon Sellers | Method of open cut mining |
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2013
- 2013-12-26 CN CN201310727712.9A patent/CN103696773A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
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| US4466669A (en) * | 1981-12-18 | 1984-08-21 | Gordon Sellers | Method of open cut mining |
| CN101338675A (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2009-01-07 | 中煤国际工程集团沈阳设计研究院 | Open-cast side shrouded beneficial mineral open well combined mining method |
| CN101555796A (en) * | 2009-03-15 | 2009-10-14 | 赵刚 | Opencast combined mining method of steeply inclined coal seam groups |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104389606A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-03-04 | 海西博奥工程有限公司 | Novel mine mining technical scheme based on environment protection |
| CN104389606B (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-09-09 | 海西博奥工程有限公司 | A kind of mine reduction-type based on environmental protection many well connection mining method |
| CN113216958A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-06 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Inverted frustum-shaped ore gathering natural caving mining method |
| CN113669064A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-19 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Natural caving mining method |
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Application publication date: 20140402 |