CN103665844A - 高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料及其制备和应用 - Google Patents

高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料及其制备和应用 Download PDF

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CN103665844A
CN103665844A CN201310626369.9A CN201310626369A CN103665844A CN 103665844 A CN103665844 A CN 103665844A CN 201310626369 A CN201310626369 A CN 201310626369A CN 103665844 A CN103665844 A CN 103665844A
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composite material
polyamide composite
reinforced polyamide
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fiber glass
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张峰
刘奇祥
杨波
钱志军
丁超
刘乐文
钱永红
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Kingfa Science and Technology Co Ltd
Tianjin Kingfa Advanced Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于聚酰胺复合材料技术领域,公开了一种高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料及其制备方法和应用。该聚酰胺复合材料包含以下质量百分数的组分:聚酰胺30~85%;玻璃纤维10~60%;焊接助剂0.5~5%;抗氧剂0.1~2%;热稳定剂0.1~1.5%;加工助剂0.1~1%;其它助剂0.4~4%。本发明通过添加焊接助剂和加工助剂,制备得到常温和高温(110℃)下具有均优异焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,常温下爆破强度可提高21%,高温下爆破强度可提高43%,且焊接时间得到了明显的降低,能满足不同行业对聚酰胺材料焊接效率的要求,且工艺简单,因此具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料及其制备和应用
技术领域
本发明属于聚酰胺复合材料技术领域,特别涉及一种高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
塑料的焊接方法一般分为两大类:一类是内部加热法(通过材料的机械运动、内部摩擦发热),比如振动焊、旋转焊、超声波焊;另一类是外部加热法,如热气焊、热工具焊、高频焊、激光焊等。由于塑料焊接技术具有低成本、高速度、加工方便、原材料适用范围广、接合性和工艺性好、有利于大型复杂结构制造等综合优势,所以应用越来越广泛,技术越来越成熟。
玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺复合材料,广泛应用在日常用品,电子电气,汽车工业,交通运输,建筑业等领域中。但目前来看,由于聚酰胺材料高熔点高结晶的特性,造成焊接困难。如何改善增强聚酰胺材料的可焊接性,降低焊接时间,以扩展其在各种行业中的应用,成为目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点与不足,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,该玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料常温下爆破强度可提高21%,高温下爆破强度可提高43%,且焊接时间得到了明显的降低。
本发明另一目的在于提供一种上述高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料的制备方法。
本发明再一目的在于提供上述高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料在日常用品、电子电气、汽车工业、交通运输、建筑业中的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述方案实现:
一种高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,包含以下质量百分数的组分:
本发明的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,所述的聚酰胺为已内酰胺和聚己二酰己二胺中的至少一种。
优选地,本发明的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,所述的玻璃纤维为无碱短切玻璃纤维。
本发明的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,所述的焊接助剂为铜粉、铝粉、镁粉、铁粉、银粉、石墨、纳米碳管、碳纤维和石墨烯中的至少一种,其主要作用为改善材料的导热性能,从而使焊接部分的热量分散更均匀,达到降低焊接时间提高焊接强度的目的。
本发明的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,所述的抗氧剂为酚类、胺类、亚磷酸酯类、半受阻酚类、含丙烯酰基官能团类、硫代酯和杯芳烃中的至少一种。
本发明的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,所述的热稳定剂为铜盐和碱金属卤化物的组合。
本发明的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,所述的加工助剂为羟基改性乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺,其主要作用为提高加工性能。
本发明的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,所述的其它助剂包括润滑剂、抗紫外剂和着色剂等中的至少一种。
一种上述高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:把聚酰胺、焊接助剂、抗氧剂、热稳定剂、加工助剂、其它助剂按比例加入混合机混合均匀,加入双螺杆挤出机中,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入,挤出造粒,得到高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料。
所述双螺杆挤出机的螺杆长径比为(40~75):1。
所述挤出造粒的工艺条件为:双螺杆挤出机转速为100~1000rpm;一区温度220~260℃,二区温度230~290℃,三区温度220~285℃,四区温度230~290℃,机头温度为235~295℃。
上述高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料在日常用品、电子电气、汽车工业、交通运输、建筑业中的应用。
本发明的机理为:
本发明通过添加焊接助剂,改善材料的导热性能,从而使焊接部分的热量分散更均匀,达到降低焊接时间提高焊接强度的目的。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下的优点及有益效果:
本发明所制备的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,与常规制备的增强聚酰胺材料相比,具有优异的焊接性能,常温下爆破强度可提高21%,高温下爆破强度可提高43%,且焊接时间得到了明显的降低,能满足电子电器、汽车工业、交通运输、建筑业、生活日用品等行业对高焊接强度聚酰胺材料的要求,并且能够降低焊接时间,满足不同行业对焊接加工效率的要求,因此具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1:高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料的制备
Figure BDA0000426895830000031
Figure BDA0000426895830000041
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,除玻璃纤维外其他材料在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm。
实施例2:高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料的制备
Figure BDA0000426895830000042
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,除玻璃纤维其他材料在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm。
实施例3:高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料的制备
Figure BDA0000426895830000043
Figure BDA0000426895830000051
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,除玻璃纤维其他材料在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm。
实施例4:高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料的制备
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,除玻璃纤维其他材料在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm。
实施例5:高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料的制备
Figure BDA0000426895830000053
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,除玻璃纤维其他材料在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm。
实施例6:高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料的制备
Figure BDA0000426895830000061
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,除玻璃纤维其他材料在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm。
实施例7:高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料的制备
Figure BDA0000426895830000062
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,除玻璃纤维其他材料在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm。
实施例8:高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料的制备
Figure BDA0000426895830000071
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,除玻璃纤维其他材料在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm。
实施例9:高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料的制备
Figure BDA0000426895830000072
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,除玻璃纤维其他材料在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm。
下面以不加焊接助剂的聚酰胺复合材料进行对比。
对比例1
Figure BDA0000426895830000081
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入。
对比例2
Figure BDA0000426895830000082
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入。
对比例3
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入。
对比例4
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入。
对比例5
Figure BDA0000426895830000093
Figure BDA0000426895830000101
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入。
对比例6
Figure BDA0000426895830000102
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入。
对比例7
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入。
对比例8
Figure BDA0000426895830000111
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入。
对比例9
Figure BDA0000426895830000112
按重量百分比称取各种原材料,在高速混合器中干混5分钟;将混合好的原料置于双螺杆机中,经熔融挤出,造粒。其中筒内温度为:一区250℃,二区280℃,三区280℃,四区290℃,机头290℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为400rpm,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入。
对实施例1~9和对比例1~9制备得到的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料进行性能测试,性能检测结果见表1和表2。
表1稿焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料的性能指标
实施例 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
爆破强度(bar,23℃) 12.3 9.2 13.6 17.2 14.3 16.9 9.8 17.1 19.1
爆破强度(bar,110℃) 7.6 6.5 7.9 9.1 8.2 9.2 6.9 7.8 11.3
焊接时间(s) 8.4 11.2 8.1 6.6 7.9 6.3 10.1 6.4 5.6
表2聚酰胺复合材料的性能指标
对比例 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
爆破强度(bar,23℃) 11.3 8.7 11.6 16.2 12.3 14.9 9.5 15.1 15.7
爆破强度(bar,110℃) 7.0 6.2 5.9 8.1 7.5 7.2 6.1 6.8 7.9
焊接时间(s) 9.5 11.5 9.1 8.1 9.1 7.5 10.9 7.2 8.4
焊接和爆破试验在自制的爆破盒制件上进行,焊接面积为7.64cm2,焊接深度为1.5cm,焊接后放置24h后进行爆破试验,以材料被从焊接位置爆开的最大气体压强作为其爆破强度。取焊接完成后的样件,小心的刮下焊接溢料,并迅速称重。
对比实施例1~9和对比例1~9可以看出,加入焊接助剂后,材料在常温和高温条件下的爆破强度均得到提升,常温下爆破强度可提高21%,高温下爆破强度可提高43%,且焊接时间得到了明显的降低。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于包含以下质量百分数的组分:
Figure FDA0000426895820000011
2.根据权利要求1所述的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于:所述的聚酰胺为已内酰胺和聚己二酰己二胺中的至少一种;所述的玻璃纤维为无碱短切玻璃纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于:所述的焊接助剂为铜粉、铝粉、镁粉、铁粉、银粉、石墨、纳米碳管、碳纤维和石墨烯中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于:所述的抗氧剂为酚类、胺类、亚磷酸酯类、半受阻酚类、含丙烯酰基官能团类、硫代酯和杯芳烃中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于:所述的热稳定剂为铜盐和碱金属卤化物的组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于:所述的加工助剂为羟基改性乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于:所述的其它助剂指润滑剂、抗紫外剂和着色剂中的至少一种。
8.一种根据权利要求1~7任一项所述的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:把聚酰胺、焊接助剂、抗氧剂、热稳定剂、加工助剂、其它助剂按比例加入混合机混合均匀,加入双螺杆挤出机中,玻璃纤维从二区侧喂料口加入,挤出造粒,得到高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述双螺杆挤出机的螺杆长径比为(40~75):1;所述挤出造粒的工艺条件为:双螺杆挤出机转速为100~1000rpm;一区温度220~260℃,二区温度230~290℃,三区温度220~285℃,四区温度230~290℃,机头温度为235~295℃。
10.根据权利要求1~7任一项所述的高焊接性能的玻纤增强聚酰胺复合材料在日常用品、电子电气、汽车工业、交通运输、建筑业中的应用。
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