CN103650028A - 电子机械乐器 - Google Patents

电子机械乐器 Download PDF

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CN103650028A
CN103650028A CN201280034410.7A CN201280034410A CN103650028A CN 103650028 A CN103650028 A CN 103650028A CN 201280034410 A CN201280034410 A CN 201280034410A CN 103650028 A CN103650028 A CN 103650028A
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musical instrument
rigid member
soundboard
compression
resonant frequency
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保罗·卢埃林·戴维斯
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Hotspur Management Pty Ltd
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Hotspur Management Pty Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D1/00—General design of stringed musical instruments
    • G10D1/02—Bowed or rubbed string instruments, e.g. violins or hurdy-gurdies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G10H3/18—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a string, e.g. electric guitar
    • G10H3/181—Details of pick-up assemblies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
    • G10D3/02—Resonating means, horns or diaphragms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G10H3/143—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means characterised by the use of a piezoelectric or magneto-strictive transducer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G10H3/146—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a membrane, e.g. a drum; Pick-up means for vibrating surfaces, e.g. housing of an instrument
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/461—Transducers, i.e. details, positioning or use of assemblies to detect and convert mechanical vibrations or mechanical strains into an electrical signal, e.g. audio, trigger or control signal
    • G10H2220/465—Bridge-positioned, i.e. assembled to or attached with the bridge of a stringed musical instrument
    • G10H2220/471—Bridge-positioned, i.e. assembled to or attached with the bridge of a stringed musical instrument at bottom, i.e. transducer positioned at the bottom of the bridge, between the bridge and the body of the instrument
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2230/00—General physical, ergonomic or hardware implementation of electrophonic musical tools or instruments, e.g. shape or architecture
    • G10H2230/045—Special instrument [spint], i.e. mimicking the ergonomy, shape, sound or other characteristic of a specific acoustic musical instrument category
    • G10H2230/075—Spint stringed, i.e. mimicking stringed instrument features, electrophonic aspects of acoustic stringed musical instruments without keyboard; MIDI-like control therefor

Abstract

一种电子机械乐器，该乐器能够产生全部或部分乐器共振频率，所述乐器包括：本体（1），其具有第一端（2）和第二端（3）；音板（4），其设置在所述第一端与所述第二端之间，适于产生自然的频率响应；以及接触式麦克风或传感器（5），其适于接收所述共振频率，其中，所述本体包括刚性构件（6），该刚性构件（6）设置在所述本体的所述第一端与所述第二端之间，所述刚性构件适于将拉伸或压缩施加在所述本体的所述第一端与所述第二端之间，并同时接触位于所述第一本体端与所述第二本体端之间的音板，使得拉伸或压缩的所述施加对所述乐器的所述共振频率进行调整或修改。

Description

电子机械乐器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求澳大利亚临时专利申请No.2011901762的优先权，该申请的全部内容以参引的方式被结合到本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电动版本的传统乐器，并且特别涉及一种电子机械乐器，该电子机械乐器适于通过电气或电子感觉来放大乐器的音调响应并且本发明包括一系列弦乐器和能够从整个乐器的全部或一部分产生共振频率的其它乐器。
背景技术
利用乐器的电气或电子放大来产生的声音从全电子乐器变化到一系列基本传统的声音乐器，该全电子乐器如同电吉他一样以纯电气产生的信号为动力来运转，该基本传统的声音乐器结合有利用由基本传统的乐器产生的声音的传统的电子放大的麦克风拾音器（pick-up）等。在这两个完全相反的事物之间，已经研发出一系列半传统的电气放大的乐器。然而，对于研发出包括小提琴、大提琴等的这类弦乐器的完全令人满意的电子版本的尝试至今尚未获得完全令人满意的结果，这是由这种乐器的由电子放大所给予的共振频率的人为的和/或不自然的再现所导致的。特别是，电子版本的传统弦乐器迄今为止尚未捕获或重现以这种乐器为特征的全部乐器共振频率。本发明的一个目的是提供一种改进的乐器。
发明内容
在第一方面，本发明提供了一种电子机械乐器，该电子机械乐器能够产生全部或部分乐器共振频率，所述乐器包括：本体，其具有第一端和第二端；音板（soundboard），其设置在所述第一端与所述第二端之间，适于产生自然的频率响应；以及接触式麦克风或传感器，其适于接收所述共振频率，其中，所述本体包括刚性构件，其设置在所述本体的所述第一端与所述第二端之间，所述刚性构件适于在所述本体的所述第一端与所述第二端之间施加拉伸或压缩，并同时接触位于所述第一本体端与所述第二本体端之间的所述音板，使得所述拉伸或压缩的施加对所述乐器的所述共振频率进行调整或修改。
该刚性构件被优选地永久地固定至所述第一端并且可调整地装配至所述第二端，以能够对所述拉伸或压缩进行现成的调整并由此对所述共振频率进行修改。
该调整可以是通过施加到刚性构件的压缩或拉伸来进行的并且最为优选地由压缩施加。
该刚性构件优选地为细长杆并可在压缩期间沿其长度扭曲，以对所述音板施加压力。该细长杆优选地为大致直的；但是，可包括沿纵向轴线的微小偏移，以使所述扭曲的方向偏置，从而实现所述刚性构件与所述音板之间的所述接触。
该刚性构件最为优选地从金属中选择，该金属包括软钢、木材层压板或包括聚碳酸酯/碳纤维及其组合的合成材料。
该刚性构件优选地于第二端处包括螺纹部分，该螺纹部分被装配至所述本体的第二端，并且该刚性构件可以通过卡式螺母（captive nut）的旋转而在所述第二端中进行调整。
接触式麦克风或传感器优选地被设置成用于在所述音板的下方、邻近所述刚性构件进行拾音并且最为优选地邻近所述刚性构件与所述音板之间的所述接触点进行拾音。
附图说明
本发明现将参照如图1至3和所附图例中所示的电子小提琴的一种特别优选的实施方式进行描述。
图1示出了侧视图；
图2示出了俯视平面图；
图3示出了仰视平面图。
图例：
1.        本体
2.        本体第一端
3.        本体第二端
4.        音板
5.        接触式麦克风/传感器
6.        刚性构件
7.        螺纹部分
8.        刚性构件第二端
9.        卡式螺母
10.       琴弦
11.       琴桥
具体实施方式
首先参照图1，给出了呈小提琴形式的电子机械乐器的侧视图。小提琴的具体实施方式仅仅是示例性的，这是因为本发明的乐器可以是能够依靠本体1的声学特性而产生全部乐器共振频率或部分乐器共振频率的任何乐器。全部或部分乐器共振频率指的是乐器本体的特性和声学性能，该乐器本体作为共振单元，从而生成乐器的主声音。替代乐器可包括一系列弦乐器乃至如同鼓一类的乐器，该如同鼓一类的乐器结合有具有拉伸蒙皮的本体，该拉伸蒙皮作为张紧的琴弦的一种替代物。
乐器包括具有第一端2和第二端3的本体1，该乐器在如图中的示例中所详细示出的小提琴的情况下具有形成小提琴的本体1的顶木（topblock）的第一端2和形成小提琴的本体1的底木（end block）的第二端3。该乐器还包括音板4，该音板4在小提琴的情况下是采用本体在第一端2与第二端3之间的顶部部分的音板。作为选择，在鼓的情况下，该音板可以是形成在鼓的本体之上的拉伸蒙皮。
音板4适于产生乐器的自然的频率响应。在小提琴的情况下，这是通过振动的琴弦10经由琴桥11传递到音板4所产生的。
该乐器还包括接触式麦克风或传感器5，该接触式麦克风或传感器5在小提琴的情况下被设置在位于琴桥的脚部下方的区域中并且处于如在类似的传统乐器中所发现的音柱的通常位置中。
接触式麦克风或传感器适于接收并拾取共振频率，该共振频率由整个乐器本体产生，该麦克风具有适当的传感器且适于以传统的方式放大。
在特别优选的实施方式中，麦克风或传感器包括由琴桥/音板在传感器的顶部表面上的压缩而激活的压电晶体。可通过调整传感器相对于琴桥的位置、由此改变压电晶体上的压力来改变该传感器声学共振性能。
本发明的乐器的特征在于设置有细长的刚性构件6，该细长的刚性构件6设置在小提琴本体的第一端2或顶木与第二端3或底木之间。该刚性构件优选地呈金属杆的形式并被固定于第一端2处且是能够相对于第二端3进行调节的。该刚性构件或金属杆6的调整提供了对于小提琴的本体的强化；但是，重要地且出乎意料地是，添加了对于乐器的固有共振频率进行调整和修改的精度，由此通过将刚性构件相对于本体的第一端和第二端或者放置成处于压缩中或者作为选择地放置成处于拉伸中而对刚性构件进行的调整能够按照需要、大气条件或者以按照终端用户的嗜好或兴趣来调整乐器的声音的方式对整个乐器的共振频率进行微调和调整。
刚性构件优选地放置成处于压缩中并于第二端8处具有螺纹且借助于卡式螺母而在本体1的第二端3处被保持处于适当位置中，由此该卡式螺母的旋转实现了刚性构件6相对于本体的第一端和第二端的压缩或拉伸，从而能够对该乐器进行敏锐地微调并对由该乐器产生的共振频率进行调整。
在特别优选的实施方案中，刚性构件6被放置成处于压缩中并引起在向上方向上的弯曲以接触音板4。细长的刚性构件的扭曲和与音板的接触可通过从直杆引入微小的偏移而得到控制，从而确保压缩使该刚性构件弯曲以对音板施加压力。在特别优选的实施方案中，可以对该刚性构件进行调整以对该音板4施加压力，从而改变施加至该音板的压力程度，以便进一步改善和控制由该音板产生的自然频率和随后由整个乐器产生的共振频率。
该刚性构件可由任何足够刚性的材料组成，该足够刚性的材料能够被放置成处于压缩和/或拉伸中并且优选地包括软钢、木材层压板、聚碳酸酯、或碳纤维。
特别优选的实施方式的音板4由4毫米的层压海洋花旗杉（marinehoop pine）组成，其可选择地镶饰有装饰性的胶合板，并且该本体可设有由任何声学中性的材料构成的背板，从而或者产生低频响应或者优选地产生中频响应。如此一来，该频率响应由刚性构件的操作和音板来控制，且并非不必要地受到背板的偏压或影响。
图2和图3提供了具有被清楚地给出的接触式麦克风5的优选位置的俯视平面图和仰视平面图。
本领域技术人员将会理解的是，可对如在具体实施方式中所示的本发明做出多种变化和/或修改，而不会脱离本发明的如广泛描述的范围。因此，当前实施方式被认为在所有方面均是说明性的而非限制性的。

Claims (10)

1.一种电子机械乐器，所述乐器能够产生全部或部分乐器共振频率，所述乐器包括：本体，所述本体具有第一端和第二端；音板，所述音板设置在所述第一端与所述第二端之间，适于产生自然的频率响应；以及接触式麦克风或传感器，所述接触式麦克风或传感器适于接收所述共振频率，其中，所述本体包括刚性构件，所述刚性构件设置在所述本体的所述第一端与所述第二端之间，所述刚性构件适于在所述本体的所述第一端与所述第二端之间施加拉伸或压缩并同时接触位于所述第一本体端与所述第二本体端之间的所述音板，使得所述拉伸或压缩的施加对所述乐器的所述共振频率进行调整或修改。
2.根据权利要求1所述的乐器，其中，所述刚性构件被永久地固定至所述第一端并且可调整地装配至所述第二端，以能够对所述拉伸或压缩进行现成的调整并由此对所述共振频率进行修改。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的乐器，其中，所述刚性构件通过一起拉动所述第一本体端和所述第二本体端而将压缩施加至所述音板。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的乐器，其中，所述刚性构件是细长杆。
5.根据权利要求4中所述的乐器，其中，所述细长杆是大致直的，沿纵向轴线具有微小的偏移，以使所述扭曲的方向偏置，从而产生与所述音板的所述接触。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的任一项所述的乐器，其中，所述刚性构件选自由软钢、木材层压板、聚碳酸酯、碳纤维、或其它合成材料构成的组合中的任一种。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的乐器，其中，所述刚性构件在它的所述第二端处包括螺纹部分，所述螺纹部分借助于可旋转的卡式螺母装配至所述本体的所述第二端，以根据需要施加所述拉伸或压缩。
8.根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的乐器，其中，所述麦克风或传感器设置在所述音板的下方、邻近所述刚性构件。
9.根据权利要求8所述的乐器，其中，所述麦克风或传感器设置成邻近所述刚性构件与所述音板之间的所述接触点。
10.根据权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的乐器，所述乐器大致如以上参考附图所述。
CN201280034410.7A 2011-05-10 2012-05-04 电子机械乐器 Pending CN103650028A (zh)

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EP2707870A4 (en) 2015-12-23
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US20140060291A1 (en) 2014-03-06
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AU2012253211A1 (en) 2013-11-28

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