CN103635304B - 用于成形和密封管状包装容器的开口端的密封单元及用于校准密封单元的方法 - Google Patents

用于成形和密封管状包装容器的开口端的密封单元及用于校准密封单元的方法 Download PDF

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CN103635304B
CN103635304B CN201280032421.1A CN201280032421A CN103635304B CN 103635304 B CN103635304 B CN 103635304B CN 201280032421 A CN201280032421 A CN 201280032421A CN 103635304 B CN103635304 B CN 103635304B
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sealing
pincers
cam
sealing unit
fixture
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CN103635304A (zh
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理查德·佩尔松
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/26Devices specially adapted for producing transverse or longitudinal seams in webs or tubes
    • B65B51/30Devices, e.g. jaws, for applying pressure and heat, e.g. for subdividing filled tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/841Machines or tools adaptable for making articles of different dimensions or shapes or for making joints of different dimensions
    • B29C66/8416Machines or tools adaptable for making articles of different dimensions or shapes or for making joints of different dimensions of different thickness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B29C66/43121Closing the ends of tubular or hollow single articles, e.g. closing the ends of bags
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/816General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8167Quick change joining tools or surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/822Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8221Scissor or lever mechanisms, i.e. involving a pivot point
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/822Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8226Cam mechanisms; Wedges; Eccentric mechanisms
    • B29C66/82263Follower pin or roller cooperating with a groove
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718Repairing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Package Closures (AREA)
  • Closing Of Containers (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于密封和成形包装容器的密封单元。该密封单元按下列原理运行:成对的相对密封钳的移动通过凸轮‑凸轮从动件的相互作用结合伺服马达的驱动凸轮的活动来控制。本发明还涉及一种用于校准密封单元的方法。

Description

用于成形和密封管状包装容器的开口端的密封单元及用于校 准密封单元的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于成形和密封管状包装容器的开口端的密封单元。
背景技术
在可灌注产品尤其是可灌注食品的包装领域中,使用各种包装容器。包装容器在包装形状、包装材料等方面有所变化,导致用于包装容器的充填和包装容器的密封的方法有所变化。本发明可优选地用于由包括核心层和若干周围屏蔽层的包装层压材料制成的包装容器。
当密封管状包装容器的端部时,往往利用密封钳(sealingjaw),夹住并加热包装容器的端部以便密封其一端。该基本技术是公知的,在此不作任何更详细讨论。但是,出于本发明的目的,应当提到,“管状”包括具有非圆形横截面(比如方形、矩形、六边形、椭圆形,等等)的包装件,即,包装容器通过占用其两个相对的边缘以形成套筒从而被形成。
包装容器的端部的密封是一个复杂的过程。该端部应当根据预设图案被密封、成形和折叠,并固定成所希望的形状(通常在容器的底部是平坦的)。不同操作不一定以上述顺序执行;当密封容器的最后开口端时,密封应当优选地延迟执行,因为如果密封得太早,则剩余空气会被困在容器里面。这在容器的第一端被密封、成形和折叠时不会引起问题。
所述操作也不一定用相同的工具执行。一般来说,密封和初步成形以及折叠由一个工具执行,而最后折叠和定形由另一工具或者排布的多个工具完成。
用于密封和初步成形以及折叠的工具可包括两个相对的密封钳,其夹住管状包装容器的开口端并提供用于完成密封的能量。在其从开口位置到夹紧位置的过程中,两个相对的密封钳可顺着移动的路径使得它们开始成形和折叠,之后夹住和密封包装容器,它们可继续它们的移动以继续成形和折叠。虽然该路径本身可能足够简单,但是使密封钳顺着这样的路径运动所需要的机构会比较复杂,尤其是因为诸如可靠性、可重复性和耐用性等因素是重要的以及因为价格始终是一个问题。现有技术解决方案的示例可在本申请人提交的WO2004054790和US2008/0276576中找到。
本发明的目的在于提供易于操作的、耐用的且可靠的底部成形和密封单元。
发明内容
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种用于密封和成形包装容器的开口端的成形和密封单元,其包括设置在由第一和第二凸轮装置控制的成对的夹具上的成对的密封钳。每一个凸轮装置包括凸轮轨道、凸轮从动件和刚性的功率传递装置,其中两个凸轮轨道都被设置在单个凸轮上且被设置来在相反方向上移动第一和第二所述凸轮从动件。该密封单元的特征在于伺服马达被设置来间歇性地在针对所述密封钳的打开位置和针对所述密封钳的闭合位置之间驱动所述凸轮。
将在详细描述中阐述的是,凸轮装置和伺服马达的组合实现了促进所述目的达到的构造。
在一或多种实施方式中,两个所述密封钳中的每一个被设置在所述夹具的近端上,所述夹具在其远端具有第一枢轴点,所述第一和所述第二夹具元件的所述第一枢轴点之间的距离是恒定的。
在一或若干实施方式中,两个所述夹具元件中的每一个共享以第一枢轴的形式的公共第一枢轴点,且其中所述枢轴被刚性连接到所述第一凸轮装置。
所述第二凸轮装置可以延伸到第二枢轴,两个连杆自所述第二枢轴延伸,每一条连杆在位于所述远端和所述近端之间的连接点连接到一个夹具元件,使得所述第一和所述第二枢轴之间的相对移动导致所述连杆的倾斜度的改变和所述夹具在打开或闭合方向上的枢转运动。
所述第一凸轮从动件经由第一轮轴连接到所述第一枢轴点,所述第二凸轮从动件经由第二轮轴连接到所述第二枢轴点,其中所述第一和所述第二轮轴沿着相同的轴延伸。
在一或多种实施方式中,所述第二轮轴可被设置在所述第一轮轴内,这可通过使所述第二轮轴包括空心柱体而方便地实现。
为了提高可控性,所述第二凸轮从动件的运动可控制所述夹具和钳的垂直位置,且所述第一凸轮从动件相对于所述第二凸轮从动件的运动可控制所述夹具的枢转位置。分开所述运动便于控制密封钳的运动且尤其是有助于实现对所述密封钳的运动方式的修改。
在一或多种实施方式中,所述第一和第二凸轮从动件经由第一和第二轴连接到所述第一和第二轮轴,所述第一和第二轴延伸经过所述第一和第二轮轴与所述第一和第二轴之间的连接点,且其中每一个轴的远离每一个凸轮从动件的端部包括引导装置。
一个重要的问题是,本发明的设备提供了自支持系统,其中在该设备的操作过程中产生的力被吸收在该设备的物理约束内。这使得将本设备并入现有机器显著简化了,因为必须考虑的例如与周边构造相关的因素被最少化了。它进一步简化了该设备的校准,因为这可在孤立的过程中被执行。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明第一实施方式的成形和密封单元的立体图。
图2是根据所述第一实施方式的成形和密封单元的侧面剖视图。
图3是根据所述第一实施方式的成形和密封单元的正面剖视图。
图4是示出前面图1中所示的密封钳的细节的立体图。
图5和6是根据第一实施方式的密封钳悬架的两个部分的剖视图。
具体实施方式
本发明从图1开始讨论,图1图示了根据本发明第一实施方式的成形和密封单元100。从顶部开始,成形和密封单元100的功能是在打开位置和闭合位置之间移动密封钳102、104。打开位置允许新的包装容器插入到密封钳之间,而闭合位置允许包装容器的一端被闭合并密封。在此不详细讨论密封钳的用途和功能,因为对本领域技术人员而言,该用途是显而易见的,且该基本功能可被认为是公知的。由密封钳选定的在其从打开位置到闭合位置的过程中的路径会影响其与包装容器的相互作用,且该路径是要考虑的参数。这稍后会在详细描述中进行讨论。
接着,每一个密封钳102、104被附着到相应的夹具106、108的近端。密封钳104中的至少一个被可移动地附着到相应的夹具108,使得密封钳102、104之间的距离可被改变。希望改变密封钳之间的距离的主要目的是要通过调整密封钳之间的空隙来应对包装材料的具体厚度。每一个夹具106、108的相对的远端被连接到第一枢轴110,第一枢轴110在该实施方式中是用于夹具106、108二者的共用枢轴。
通过研究图4,密封钳104的细节更容易被理解,且为了更好的理解,可参考图2和3。
在密封钳102、104和第一枢轴110之间的位置,连杆112、114(在图1中被部分遮掩)从夹具106、108延伸至共用的第二枢轴116(图1中未示出)。连杆112、114能在两个它们的连接点枢转,且在该实施方式中每一个夹具与两个连杆相关联。容易理解,通过改变第一和第二枢轴之间的相对距离,每一条连杆的倾斜度会改变,且因此密封钳102、104之间的距离会改变。该设备优选地被调谐使得让连杆彼此相对指向180°度的位置被包括在运行周期中,该位置对应于密封钳完全闭合(或者彼此至少不能再更靠近)的位置。
承窝118作为用于单元100的框架,且刚性连接到该承窝的部件会形成框架的一部分。对本领域技术人员而言,阅读该描述后应当显而易见的是,由该系统产生的所有力会在该系统内被吸收,因为承窝118作为刚性锚。如果系统以使得惯性力成为问题的方式运行,则它将必须进行适当的平衡。上面描述的部分位于承窝118的一侧上。承窝118的另一侧包括驱动部分,驱动部分包括具有引导两个凸轮从动件126、128的两个凸轮轨道122、124的驱动凸轮120。凸轮120由伺服马达130驱动。相较于已知系统,利用伺服马达130引入了很大的优势。该优势在于“保持时间”可由伺服马达130掌控(absorb)而非由凸轮轨道122、124的形状掌控。
保持时间的示例包括密封钳分别处于其打开位置和闭合位置时的期间。闭合位置的持续时间(其可被称为“密封时间”)会随着许多参数(如材料特性、密封剂特性、生产速度等)变化。能够将密封钳的移动周期划分成操作部分(移动和静止)且能够用不同的手段(凸轮轨道的形状和停止伺服马达)控制不同的部分是相当大的优势。一个原因是将设备针对若干不同的包装件(就尺寸和材料而言)的调节简化了。凸轮轨道122、124可控制密封钳102、104的路径,而相同的路径(且因此相同的凸轮)可被用于若干不同尺寸的包装件。如果不使用伺服马达,则凸轮必须通过具有让轨道从凸轮的旋转中心以恒定的半径延伸的长分段来掌控保持时间。这进而导致较少的可用于从凸轮的实际运动的轨道长度,进而在系统上导致更陡峭的接触角和更大的力,有效降低了耐用性。该问题的一种解决方案是增加凸轮的尺寸,但这也会以不希望的方式增加系统的重量和体积。
进一步,本发明的装置将对成形和密封的控制和对整个机器速度(例如,包装容器或包装材料的间歇性前进)的控制分开。在全机械系统中,这通常是不可能的,且能够一直使用成形和密封的优化时间的优点是相当大的。在常规操作中,成形和密封会被优化以最大化机器速度,且如果机器以较慢速度运行,则不会引发问题。
凸轮从动件126、128的动作必须被分别传递给相应的第一和第二枢轴,110和116。第一和第二轮轴132、134(后者在图1的视图中不可见)分别被用于该目的。第一轮轴132包括空心柱体,第二轮轴134在该空心柱体内延伸。共轴装置对避免扭转力的产生而言是极好的且其也增加了该装置的密实度。凸轮从动件126、128各自通过一个轴136、138被连接到其相应的轮轴132、134。在本实施方式中,每个轴136、138延伸越过轮轴132、134。在每个轴136、138的远端,导向装置可被设置来进一步稳定该装置。在本实施方式中,每个轴的远端延伸到设置在柱体140中的纵长狭缝,柱体140刚性连接到承窝118的一部分。
对应于第二凸轮从动件128的轴138可向上朝向第二枢轴116偏置。以这种方式,可以确定的是,第二凸轮从动件128一直占用第二凸轮轨道124的外周,而非在内周和外周之间漂移,且以这种方式,该单元中的公差被减小。更重要的是,从外周到内周的切换会导致凸轮从动件128的旋转的方向倒转。突然的减速和加速会迅速引起凸轮从动件128和凸轮轨道124的磨损。在本实施方式中,偏置效应通过常用的螺旋弹簧142完成。螺旋弹簧140将第二轴138连接至承窝118的固定点并在二者之间施加拉力。在另一实施方式中,该轴可被偏置在另一方向上,比如直接相反的方向。第一轴也可向上或向下偏置。
还可将传感器129设置在承窝118上。传感器129的目的是提供与凸轮(从而与密封钳)的位置相关的信息。关于这一点的一个原因会是,当凸轮被认为在开始位置时,其应当总是通过沿一定方向移动到达该开始位置,使得密封钳在闭合方向上绝不向上移动。这意味着如果密封钳处于打开行程,则该凸轮应当在正常运行方向上旋转以便到达开始位置。另一方面,如果密封钳处于闭合行程,则凸轮应当逆操作方向旋转。这是为了避免密封钳干扰密封钳上方的设备。在本实施方式中,这已通过在两个行程之一(是哪一个不重要)期间提供信号而在另一行程期间不提供信号的传感器完成。更具体地,外围槽设置在凸轮的一半圆周上而在另一半上不设置,且所述传感器具有朝所述槽的底部偏置的感测针(基本上是开关)。本领域技术人员知道,有许多其它方式来完成所希望的信息,且必需的驱动容易用伺服马达来完成。
回到密封钳102、104及其悬架,读者可受益于知道在本实施方式中,夹具106、108基本上是相同的且两个夹具被用于各自的密封钳。密封钳之一102包括电感器,该电感器在操作过程中用于加热被夹持在第一密封钳102和第二密封钳104之间的包装材料。第二密封钳104作为电感器的砧座(anvil)。一般而言,能量必须从密封单元传递给包装材料以便产生热并完成密封,但在一些情况下,夹持力的施加便足够。电缆或母线142被用于将功率传递给用于加热的电感器。在需要加热的情况下,电感加热是若干选择之一,因此,本发明不应当被解释为局限于该具体实施方式。第二密封钳104以使密封钳之间的距离可变这样的方式被附着到相应的夹具108。如此,该装置可通过简单且直接的方式适用于各种厚度的包装材料。
在松开两部件保持器160的螺栓144之后,柱体146可来回滑动,从而会有效地改变了密封钳之间的在其闭合位置的距离。柱体146具有比图1明显的稍稍更复杂的构造。它们提供了用于密封钳104的弹性悬架,且内部可变弹簧装置(在每个柱体146内)使得可变的密封力能够被施加到夹持在密封钳之间的包装材料。悬架还包括设置来将密封钳104从保持器推开的进一步弹簧装置151。由弹簧装置151(通过设置在其中的弹簧的帮助)施加的力可以变化并被设置为所需密封力的大约一半,且弹簧装置151在校准密封钳和整个装置时特别有用,程序将在下面的段落中描述。应当注意,图1中只对一个螺栓144、柱体146和弹簧装置151给出了附图标记,但这仅仅是为了提高图1的可读性,不应当被用作实际的部件数量的暗示。从图1可推断,在该实施方式的装置中,有四个螺栓144、四个柱体146和两个弹簧装置151。本领域技术人员知道,问题在于部件的期望功能而不在于实际部件的类型或数量。进一步的弹簧装置151的作用由螺丝148的操作控制,这将联系图5和6进行更详细的描述。图5是图示进一步的弹簧装置151的剖视图,图6是图示柱体146的剖视图。
上述系统的校准特别简单,且它并非必须以下述顺序执行,即使这会是最直接的方式。用户简单地传送密封钳至其完全闭合的位置,在密封钳之间夹持希望数量的包装材料,优选地少于在该系统的实际运行过程中位于此的包装材料的数量。然后,该装置可例如通过凸轮的物理锁被锁定在该位置。在松开螺栓144后,通过由进一步的弹簧装置151提供的夹住其间的包装材料的所需密封力的约一半,密封钳104会朝密封钳102偏置。在该点,螺栓144被再次拧紧,该装置已被校准。在一些实施方式中,在操作过程中不需要来自设置在弹簧装置151中的弹簧149的偏置力,在该情况下,它只在密封钳的校准过程中被激活。密封装置包括许多接头,且每个接头会导致一定数量的游隙,游隙会影响公差。校准过程中由弹簧装置151产生的力会有效地迫使系统中的总游隙走向一个极端,如此,该装置在包装材料被夹持在密封钳之间时的公差被最小化。
橡胶衬套152可被设置在密封钳104和作为悬架部件的各个柱体146之间。橡胶衬套152可通过对形状和材料的适当选择而容易地设计使得它们不影响密封力,至少没有显著程度的影响,同时仍然充当该装置的防护安全措施。在本实施方式中,橡胶衬套由在两个钢柱体之间的硫化橡胶组成。活塞154被设置来在主弹簧149和密封钳154之间传递力。如果在密封单元中有堵塞,可能的影响会是密封钳之间的包装材料的数量是双份或者更多。包装材料也可向密封钳的一端位移,导致不均匀的加载。密封钳104的这种不需要的位移可导致密封钳的故障,它们的悬架和不希望的力可被传递穿过该装置并引起整个装置的故障。然而,橡胶衬套会在可预见的限制内吸收这些力和位移,这将使该装置的完整性不受损害。如图6的实施方式中所示,橡胶衬套可由在两个同中心设置的(金属)柱体之间硫化的橡胶组成。
图2和3是增加来简化对本发明的理解的剖视图。所述剖视图示出了与图1相同的实施方式,并使用相同的附图标记。从这些图可见,承窝118的延伸部以及其如何与其它部件相关是更加显见的。
通过观察附图,若干有益特征更加显见。一个是在成形和密封单元中产生的每种力会导致成形和密封单元中的反作用力,以这种方式,所述力会在到达讨论过的周边设备之前相抵消。这还便于该设备例如在充填机中的悬挂和使用。所述悬挂也得到该设备的不复杂的设计的帮助。板中的圆形开口足以安装该设备,且在该圆形开口的约束内不需要为可移动部件安排额外的空间。该设备上下移位非常容易,且这样的移位不会改变密封钳等的移动方式,且该设备也可在该圆形开口中转动以微调其位置。这也简化了维护,首先因为它易于将凸轮装置和马达与该设备的活动部分(active portion)分离,其次因为该设备可被拆卸和重新组装而不影响该设备的操作。如果需要,还可在无需将该装置安装在充填机中的情况下校准密封钳。
在使用中,常见的是,利用成形和密封单元来同时操作两或更多个包装容器。在这种情况下,密封钳104可沿其纵长方向被分割使得它包括两或更多个分段。这可以以通过各个分段处理使用本发明的系统成形和密封的各个包装容器这样一种方式进行利用。如此,一个分段不会受到其它分段上的异常情况的影响。异常情况的示例包括包装容器的缺失、意想不到的材料厚度,等等。
根据第二方面,本发明涉及用于方便设置密封钳之间的恰当的密封间隙的浮动小车(dolly)系统。浮动小车系统是指有利地与本发明结合使用的悬架,但也可被用在其它系统上。
为此,根据图6中所公开的实施方式,本发明的该方面是指浮动小车系统,其在远端包括密封钳104,在密封钳104的近侧,通过橡胶衬套152和穿过橡胶衬套152运行的钳活塞154附着到弹簧壳体146。弹簧壳体146包住主弹簧147,主弹簧147在弹簧壳体146内受压。在近侧,弹簧壳体146通过模座160附着到伺服马达(未图示)驱动臂108。根据本方面,该实施方式也包括主要用于校准目的的进一步的弹簧装置151。设置在该进一步的弹簧装置中的螺旋弹簧149被配置来试图将钳104偏置越过一个位置,在该位置,它在柱体146从其模座160释放时邻接其对面的钳102,使得实际偏置力被施加。进一步的弹簧装置151可具有碟形弹簧而非螺旋弹簧149,但也可采用任何其它合适的偏置装置。
在图1(和图5和图6)的实施方式中,为了正确操作实施方式,有效弹簧常数之间的关系可以是1:2的比(弹簧149相对于主弹簧147),但这不是必须如此精确。然而,在大多数情况下,优选的是第一弹簧(主弹簧)的有效弹簧常数超过第二弹簧的弹簧常数这样的关系仍然占优势。
该配置实现了简单的校准过程,如下所示。在图5和6(和图1和图4)的实施方式中,通过悬架校准密封钳的方法可包括下述步骤
–松开螺丝144,这将允许主弹簧柱体146在其承窝中滑动。
–利用密封钳和小车之间的垫片或一层纸板将凸轮设定在密封位置。
–松开螺丝148,这将允许进一步的弹簧装置151及其弹簧149利用由螺旋弹簧149的性质确定的力在闭合方向上偏置密封钳。
–拧紧螺丝144,比如以将主弹簧柱体146锁定在其承窝中。
–拧紧螺丝148,这将缩回进一步的弹簧装置151使得其偏置效果停止。
然后,在两种实施方式的更一般的术语和描述的共同特征中,用于校准相对的密封钳之间的距离的方法可包括下列步骤,这些步骤不一定必须按所述顺序进行:
–使相对的密封钳到达完全闭合位置,
–松开第一弹簧装置使得密封钳通过仅由第二弹簧装置提供的力朝向彼此偏置,
–占用第一弹簧装置。
第一弹簧装置的松开/占用可优选地通过松开/占用其至承窝的连接来实现。
该方法还可包括占用和松开第二弹簧装置的步骤,其中松开第二弹簧装置的步骤在占用第一弹簧装置的步骤之后实现。“占用”第二弹簧装置意味着第二弹簧装置有效地作用于第一密封钳上以迫使密封钳彼此朝向对方,而“松开”意味着它不再作用于第一密封钳上。在成形/密封单元利用浮动小车的实际工作周期中,这些附加的步骤可在应当防止第二弹簧装置相互作用的情况下进行。
无论有或没有上述的附加步骤,该方法还可包括在密封钳之间设置校准件的步骤。校准件可包括具有希望厚度的成块的薄片材料,比如成块的金属片或成块的折叠或非折叠的包装材料。在实际操作中,希望厚度可优选地小于设置在密封钳之间的材料的厚度。
浮动小车(dolly)系统可根据前述任何实施方式用在成形和密封单元上,但它也可被用作为通常可被应用于利用密封钳的密封和/或成形单元的单独构造。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于密封和成形包装容器的开口端的密封单元,其包括设置在由第一和第二凸轮装置控制的成对的夹具(106,108)上的成对的密封钳(102,104),每个凸轮装置包括:
凸轮轨道(122,124)、凸轮从动件(126,128)和刚性的功率传递装置,其中两个凸轮轨道(122,124)都被设置在单个凸轮(120)上且被设置来在相反方向上移动第一和第二所述凸轮从动件(126,128),其特征在于伺服马达(130)被设置来间歇性地在针对所述密封钳的打开位置和针对所述密封钳的闭合位置之间驱动所述凸轮(128)。
2.如权利要求1所述的密封单元,其中两个所述密封钳(102,104)中的每一个被设置在所述成对的夹具(106,108)中的相应夹具的近端上,所述夹具(106,108)在其远端具有第一枢轴点,所述成对的夹具的所述第一枢轴点之间的距离是恒定的。
3.如权利要求2所述的密封单元,其中两个所述夹具元件中的每一个共享以第一枢轴(110)的形式的公共第一枢轴点,且其中所述枢轴被刚性连接到所述第一凸轮装置。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的密封单元,其中所述第二凸轮装置延伸到第二枢轴(116),两个连杆(112,114)自所述第二枢轴(116)延伸,每一条连杆(112,114)在位于所述远端和所述近端之间的连接点连接到一个夹具元件(106,108),使得所述第一和所述第二枢轴之间的相对移动导致所述连杆的倾斜度的改变和所述夹具在打开或闭合方向上的枢转运动。
5.如权利要求4所述的密封单元,其中所述第一凸轮从动件(126)经由第一轮轴(132)连接到所述第一枢轴(110),所述第二凸轮从动件(129)经由第二轮轴(134)连接到所述第二枢轴(116),其中所述第一和所述第二轮轴沿着相同的轴延伸。
6.如权利要求5所述的密封单元,其中所述第二轮轴被设置在所述第一轮轴内,所述第二轮轴包括空心柱体。
7.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的密封单元,其中所述第二凸轮从动件的运动控制所述夹具和钳的垂直位置,且其中所述第一凸轮从动件相对于所述第二凸轮从动件的运动控制所述夹具的枢转位置。
8.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的密封单元,其中所述第一和第二凸轮从动件经由第一和第二轴连接到所述第一和第二轮轴,所述第一和第二轴延伸经过所述第一和第二轮轴与所述第一和第二轴之间的连接点,且其中每一个轴的远离每一个凸轮从动件的端部包括引导装置。
9.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的密封单元,其中第二密封钳(104)在长度方向上被分割使得它包括至少两个独立的分段。
10.如权利要求8所述的密封单元,其中所述第二凸轮从动件被偏置到所述第二凸轮轨道的一侧。
11.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的密封单元,其中至少一个密封钳(104;204)经由悬架连接到承窝(160;260),所述悬架包括用于在偏置方向上偏置所述密封钳(104;204)的第一弹簧装置(146;246)和第二弹簧装置(151;249),其中所述第一弹簧装置(146;246)具有它被刚性附着到所述承窝(160;260)的状态和它被能移动地附着到所述承窝(160;260)的状态。
12.一种用于校准前述权利要求中任一项所述的密封单元的方法,其包括以下步骤:
-将所述凸轮旋转到所述密封钳呈现完全闭合位置的位置,
-锁定所述凸轮的位置,
-松开所述第一弹簧装置使得所述密封钳通过仅由第二弹簧装置提供的力彼此朝向对方偏置,
-占用所述第一弹簧装置,
-松开所述第二弹簧装置。
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