CN103614586A - Preparation method for Al2O3 hollow sphere/aluminum porous composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method for Al2O3 hollow sphere/aluminum porous composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103614586A CN103614586A CN201310616637.9A CN201310616637A CN103614586A CN 103614586 A CN103614586 A CN 103614586A CN 201310616637 A CN201310616637 A CN 201310616637A CN 103614586 A CN103614586 A CN 103614586A
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method for an Al2O3 hollow sphere/aluminum porous composite material, relates to a preparation method for an aluminum-based porous composite material, which solves the problems that the strength of a traditional foam aluminum material is low, the process conditions are harsh and the cost is high in an existing preparation method. The preparation method 1 comprises the following steps: step 1. filling an Al2O3 hollow sphere; step 2. pre-heating; step 3. pouring; step 4. pressurizing and immersing; and step 5. maintaining pressure, cooling and carrying out de-molding to obtain the Al2O3 hollow sphere/aluminum porous composite material. The preparation method 2 comprises the following steps: step 1. mixing the Al2O3 hollow spheres with different grain diameters and filling; step 2. pre-heating; step 3. pouring; step 4. pressurizing and immersing; and step 5. maintaining pressure, cooling and de-molding to obtain the Al2O3 hollow sphere/aluminum porous composite material. The Al2O3 hollow sphere/aluminum porous composite material is prepared by immersing aluminum or aluminum alloy into a gap between Al2O3 hollow ball prefabricated blocks; porous structure characterizes of the Al2O3 hollow spheres are maintained and a strengthening mechanism of the aluminum-based composite material is introduced, so that the mechanical properties of materials are improved. According to the preparation method, the operation is convenient, the cost is low, the process is simple, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of aluminium-based porous composite material.
Background technology
Foamed aluminium has low density, high specific strength, good energy absorption ability and shock resistance, there is a stress plateau in its compressive stress strain curve, under Approximate Constant stress level, there is larger viscous deformation, by self distortion, effectively absorb extraneous ballistic work.Therefore, foamed aluminium material can be used as resistance to shock loads component application in fields such as aerospace, weapon industry, communications and transportation and engineering structures, and such as spacecraft, panzer, bumper etc. protected device itself and inner personnel, member.
The foamed aluminium material intensity that adopts traditional liquid foaming (producing gas etc. as direct introducing gas, whipping agent decompose) or powder metallurgy process to prepare is relatively low.For improving this problem, can prepare aluminium-based porous composite material by adding ceramic hollow ball etc., keep the vesicular structure feature of material, introduce the strengthening mechanism of aluminum matrix composite simultaneously, improve the mechanical property of material.But current aluminium-based porous composite material preparation method kind is less, and technique is loaded down with trivial details, cost is higher.Patent " preparation method of SiC particle reinforced aluminum foam matrix composite material (application number: 200710047484.5; applying date: 2007.10.26) " in, in aluminum solutions, add SiC particle, and utilize whipping agent TiH2 foaming to obtain SiC particle reinforced aluminum foam matrix composite material, played the effect of reinforced foam aluminium intensity, but this material still belongs to pure foam aluminium field.Chinese patent " preparation method of composite material of high magnesium aluminium alloy-expanding ore (application number: ZL200510119107.9; the applying date: 2005.12.26) " in, high-magnesium aluminum alloy and expanded frog stone, perlite are carried out compound, utilize vacuum seepage casting to obtain the light composite material of porous, this patent solves abscess quality Control, has improved the compressive strength of foamed aluminium material; But the frog stone that this patent is selected and perlite are processed through high temperature puffing, and material preparation process need to complete under vacuum condition, higher to equipment requirements, also increased production cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks in order to solve conventional foam aluminum intensity lower, the problem that the processing condition that exist in existing preparation method are harsh, cost is high, and Al is provided
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous.
Al
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, realizes according to the following steps:
One, Al
2o
3hollow ball filling: be the Al that 0.3~2.0mm, intracavity diameter are 0.25~1.6mm by particle diameter
2o
3hollow ball packs in mold cavity, is prepared into prefabricated section;
Two, preheating: the mould that prefabricated section is housed is heated to 400~600 ℃ in electric furnace, carries out preheating;
Three, cast: matrix is heated to melt in another electric furnace, obtains metal liquid and is poured in mould casting chamber;
Four, pressure impregnation: adopt pressure head to apply the pressure of 20~40MPa to the metal liquid in casting chamber;
Five, pressurize is cooling: after metal liquid infiltrates completely, keep pressure to naturally cooling, the demoulding, takes out ingot casting material, completes Al
2o
3the preparation that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous;
Wherein in step 3, matrix is the commercial-purity aluminium of aluminium alloy or Al>99.9wt%.
Al
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, can also realize according to the following steps:
One, Al
2o
3hollow ball filling: be the Al that 0.3~1.2mm, intracavity diameter are 0.25~1.0 by particle diameter
2o
3the Al that hollow ball and particle diameter are 1.2~2.0, intracavity diameter is 1.0~1.6mm
2o
3hollow ball mixes, and packs in mold cavity, is prepared into prefabricated section;
Two, preheating: the mould that prefabricated section is housed is heated to 400~600 ℃ in electric furnace, carries out preheating;
Three, cast: matrix is heated to melt in another electric furnace, obtains metal liquid and is poured in mould casting chamber;
Four, pressure impregnation: adopt pressure head to apply the pressure of 35~55MPa to the metal liquid in casting chamber;
Five, pressurize is cooling: after metal liquid infiltrates completely, keep pressure to naturally cooling, the demoulding, takes out ingot casting material, completes Al
2o
3the preparation that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous;
Wherein in step 3, matrix is the commercial-purity aluminium of aluminium alloy or Al>99.9wt%.
Al of the present invention
2o
3hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, is by aluminum or aluminum alloy infiltration Al
2o
3in gap between hollow ball prefabricated section, be prepared from, retained Al
2o
3the vesicular structure feature of hollow ball is introduced the strengthening mechanism of aluminum matrix composite simultaneously, improves the mechanical property of material.This aluminium-based porous composite material has possessed the common trait of particles reiforced metal-base composition and foamed aluminium material, and Al
2o
3hollow ball size capable of regulating, the designability of vesicular structure is very strong.
Al in the present invention
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, easy to operate, with low cost, whole process completes under atmospheric environment, and technique is simple, has reduced production cost; And the Al in the present invention
2o
3the composite porous porosity characteristic by the strengthening mechanism of matrix material and foamed aluminium of hollow ball/aluminium is integrated in one, and has solved the lower problem of conventional foam aluminum intensity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of mould therefor of the present invention, and wherein 1 represents pressure head, and 2 represent casting chamber, and 3 represent die cavity, and 4 represent mold, and 5 represent electric furnace, and 6 represent pressing machine table-board;
Fig. 2 prepares gained Al in embodiment
2o
3the optical texture figure that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to following cited embodiment, also comprises the arbitrary combination between each embodiment.
Embodiment one: shown in Fig. 1, present embodiment Al
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, realizes according to the following steps:
One, Al
2o
3hollow ball filling: be the Al that 0.3~2.0mm, intracavity diameter are 0.25~1.6mm by particle diameter
2o
3hollow ball packs in mold cavity 3, is prepared into prefabricated section;
Two, preheating: the mould that prefabricated section is housed is heated to 400~600 ℃ in electric furnace 5, carries out preheating;
Three, cast: matrix is heated to melt in another electric furnace, obtains metal liquid and is poured in mould casting chamber 2;
Four, pressure impregnation: adopt pressure head 1 to apply the pressure of 20~40MPa to the metal liquid in casting chamber 2;
Five, pressurize is cooling: after metal liquid infiltrates completely, keep pressure to naturally cooling, the demoulding, takes out ingot casting material, completes Al
2o
3the preparation that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous;
Wherein in step 3, matrix is the commercial-purity aluminium of aluminium alloy or Al>99.9wt%.
The object of pressurizeing in present embodiment step 4 is to make metal liquid be infiltrated up to Al
2o
3in gap between hollow ball.
Embodiment two: what present embodiment was different from embodiment one is in step 1 is the Al that 0.5mm, intracavity diameter are 0.4mm by particle diameter
2o
3hollow ball packs in mold cavity 3, is prepared into prefabricated section.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: what present embodiment was different from embodiment one is in step 1 is the Al that 1.2mm, intracavity diameter are 1.0mm by particle diameter
2o
3hollow ball packs in mold cavity 3, is prepared into prefabricated section.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment four: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to three is in step 2 is heated to 550 ℃ by the mould that prefabricated section is housed in electric furnace 5.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment five: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to four is in step 3, adopts pressure head 1 to the metal liquid in casting chamber 2, to apply the pressure of 30MPa.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to four.
Embodiment six: shown in Fig. 1, present embodiment Al
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, realizes according to the following steps:
One, Al
2o
3hollow ball filling: be the Al that 0.3~1.2mm, intracavity diameter are 0.25~1.0mm by particle diameter
2o
3hollow ball and particle diameter are the Al that 1.2~2.0mm, intracavity diameter are 1.0~1.6mm
2o
3hollow ball mixes, and packs in mold cavity 3, is prepared into prefabricated section;
Two, preheating: the mould that prefabricated section is housed is heated to 400~600 ℃ in electric furnace 5, carries out preheating;
Three, cast: matrix is heated to melt in another electric furnace, obtains metal liquid and is poured in mould casting chamber 2;
Four, pressure impregnation: adopt pressure head 1 to apply the pressure of 35~55MPa to the metal liquid in casting chamber 2;
Five, pressurize is cooling: after metal liquid infiltrates completely, keep pressure to naturally cooling, the demoulding, takes out ingot casting material, completes Al
2o
3the preparation that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous;
Wherein in step 3, matrix is the commercial-purity aluminium of aluminium alloy or Al>99.9wt%.
The Al of two kinds of particle diameters in present embodiment step 1
2o
3hollow ball mixes according to any ratio.
The object of pressurizeing in present embodiment step 4 is to make metal liquid be infiltrated up to Al
2o
3in gap between hollow ball.
Embodiment seven: what present embodiment was different from embodiment six is in step 1 is the Al that 1.0mm, intracavity diameter are 0.8mm by particle diameter
2o
3hollow ball and particle diameter are the Al that 1.8mm, intracavity diameter are 1.5mm
2o
3hollow ball mixes.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment six.
Embodiment eight: what present embodiment was different from embodiment six or seven is in step 2 is heated to 420 ℃ by the mould that prefabricated section is housed in electric furnace 5.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment six or seven.
Embodiment nine: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment six to eight is in step 3, adopts pressure head 1 to the metal liquid in casting chamber 2, to apply the pressure of 40MPa.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment six to eight.
Adopt following examples to verify beneficial effect of the present invention:
Embodiment:
Shown in Fig. 1, Al
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, realizes according to the following steps:
One, Al
2o
3hollow ball filling: be the Al that 1.0mm, intracavity diameter are 0.8mm by particle diameter
2o
3hollow ball packs in mold cavity 3, is prepared into prefabricated section;
Two, preheating: the mould that prefabricated section is housed is heated to 520 ℃ in electric furnace 5, carries out preheating;
Three, cast: matrix alloy is heated to melt in another electric furnace, obtains metal liquid and is poured in mould casting chamber 2;
Four, pressure impregnation: adopt pressure head 1 to apply the pressure of 30MPa to the metal liquid in casting chamber 2;
Five, pressurize is cooling: after metal liquid infiltrates completely, keep pressure to naturally cooling, the demoulding, takes out ingot casting material, completes Al
2o
3the preparation that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous;
Wherein in step 3, matrix is 6061 aluminium alloys.
The Al preparing in the present embodiment
2o
3hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, and as shown in Figure 2, microstructure of composite is even, dead front type micropore is contained in inside for its optical texture figure.The Al preparing in the present embodiment
2o
3hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, and quasistatic compressive strength reaches 160MPa, far above the foamed aluminium material (quasistatic compressive strength <40MPa) that adopts traditional liquid foaming or powder metallurgy process to prepare.
Claims (9)
1.Al
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, is characterized in that it realizes according to the following steps:
One, Al
2o
3hollow ball filling: be the Al that 0.3~2.0mm, intracavity diameter are 0.25~1.6mm by particle diameter
2o
3hollow ball packs in mold cavity (3), is prepared into prefabricated section;
Two, preheating: the mould that prefabricated section is housed is heated to 400~600 ℃ in electric furnace (5), carries out preheating;
Three, cast: matrix alloy is heated to melt in another electric furnace, obtains metal liquid and is poured in mould casting chamber (2);
Four, pressure impregnation: adopt pressure head (1) to apply the pressure of 20~40MPa to the metal liquid in casting chamber (2);
Five, pressurize is cooling: after metal liquid infiltrates completely, keep pressure to naturally cooling, the demoulding, takes out ingot casting material, completes Al
2o
3the preparation that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous;
Wherein in step 3, matrix is the commercial-purity aluminium of aluminium alloy or Al>99.9wt%.
2. Al according to claim 1
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, is characterized in that in step 1, by particle diameter, is the Al that 0.5mm, intracavity diameter are 0.4mm
2o
3hollow ball packs in mold cavity (3), is prepared into prefabricated section.
3. Al according to claim 1
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, is characterized in that in step 1, by particle diameter, is the Al that 1.2mm, intracavity diameter are 1.0mm
2o
3hollow ball packs in mold cavity (3), is prepared into prefabricated section.
4. according to the Al described in claim 1,2 or 3
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, is characterized in that in step 2, and the mould that prefabricated section is housed is heated to 550 ℃ in electric furnace (5).
5. Al according to claim 4
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, is characterized in that in step 3, adopts pressure head (1) to the metal liquid in casting chamber (2), to apply the pressure of 30MPa.
6.Al
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, is characterized in that it can also realize according to the following steps:
One, Al
2o
3hollow ball filling: be the Al that 0.3~1.2mm, intracavity diameter are 0.25~1.0mm by particle diameter
2o
3hollow ball and particle diameter are the Al that 1.2~2.0mm, intracavity diameter are 1.0~1.6mm
2o
3hollow ball mixes, and packs in mold cavity (3), is prepared into prefabricated section;
Two, preheating: the mould that prefabricated section is housed is heated to 400~600 ℃ in electric furnace (5), carries out preheating;
Three, cast: matrix is heated to melt in another electric furnace, obtains metal liquid and is poured in mould casting chamber (2);
Four, pressure impregnation: adopt pressure head (1) to apply the pressure of 35~55MPa to the metal liquid in casting chamber (2);
Five, pressurize is cooling: after metal liquid infiltrates completely, keep pressure to naturally cooling, the demoulding, takes out ingot casting material, completes Al
2o
3the preparation that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous;
Wherein in step 3, matrix is the commercial-purity aluminium of aluminium alloy or Al>99.9wt%.
7. Al according to claim 6
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, is characterized in that in step 1, by particle diameter, is the Al that 1.0mm, intracavity diameter are 0.8mm
2o
3hollow ball and particle diameter are the Al that 1.8mm, intracavity diameter are 1.5mm
2o
3hollow ball mixes.
8. Al according to claim 7
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, is characterized in that in step 2, and the mould that prefabricated section is housed is heated to 420 ℃ in electric furnace (5).
9. Al according to claim 8
2o
3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous, is characterized in that in step 3, adopts pressure head (1) to the metal liquid in casting chamber (2), to apply the pressure of 40MPa.
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