CN104588617A - One-stage method for preparing metal matrix light-weighted composite material - Google Patents
One-stage method for preparing metal matrix light-weighted composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN104588617A CN104588617A CN201510036143.2A CN201510036143A CN104588617A CN 104588617 A CN104588617 A CN 104588617A CN 201510036143 A CN201510036143 A CN 201510036143A CN 104588617 A CN104588617 A CN 104588617A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/14—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
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- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a one-stage method for preparing a metal matrix light-weighted composite material. The invention uses the method of pressure maintaining percolation and vacuum suction casting to make molten metal immerse into the gaps among hollow spheres by penetrating through a porous ceramic plate or a graphite plate under the function of negative pressure, after the molten metal is cooled down after totally infiltration, and finally, the molten metal is demoulded and taken out, then a foamed metal matrix composite material including closed bubbles can be obtained. The hollow spheres are mixed hollow spheres of two or more than two kinds of Al2O3 hollow spheres, SiC hollow spheres, C hollow spheres or glazed hollow beads of different or same sizes. The porosity of the metal matrix composite material prepared by the method of the invention can reach more than 60% and the density can be obviously reduced, besides, the compression strength can be improved by 20-50% compared with the similar product, so that the high-strength and light-weighted matrix light-weighted composite material with various functions like damp shock absorption, sound insulation and noise reduction, energy absorption can be obtained. According to the one-stage method for preparing the metal matrix light-weighted composite material disclosed by the invention, the process is simple, the procedure is less and the applicable range to the varieties and sizes of the hollow sphere particles is wide, and nearly no selection to the matrix metal, the foam metal products of different densities can be prepared.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that a step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material.Specifically utilize the closed hollow spheroid filler of one or more different sizes, prepare the method for foaming structure metal-base composites, hollow ball used is without the need to preparing precast body in a mold, but a step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material.The material adopting this kind of method to prepare not only has excellent compression performance, also significantly can reduce density of material simultaneously, thus reach lightweight object.
Background technology
Metal-base composites take metal or alloy as matrix, and with the composite that fiber, whisker, particle etc. are reinforcement, it is transverse direction and shear strength is higher, the combination property such as toughness and fatigue is better in mechanical property, advantages such as also there is heat conduction, conduction simultaneously, wear-resisting, thermal coefficient of expansion is little, damping and amortization is good, non-hygroscopic, be not aging and pollution-free, but also there is the shortcomings such as cost is high, density large, complicated process of preparation.Such as the reinforcement such as fiber, whisker is expensive, complicated process of preparation, the application of this kind of metal-base composites is caused to be restricted, and as the reinforced particulate relative low price of reinforcement, the selectable wide ranges of matrix alloy, and Conventional processing methods can be adopted to prepare and secondary operations, be easy to realize batch and large-scale production, there is good economic benefit.In recent years, the application of high-strength light alloy material in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, building materials is more and more extensive, and the density reducing metal-base composites when significantly not affecting compression performance is the light-weighted main path of alloy material.Foam metal material is the Main way of material lightweight, and be divided into through hole and closed pore two class by the structure of hole, wherein closed-cell foam metal material has better intensity, has structural material and functional material characteristic concurrently and have extensive use because of it.
With the metal-base composites that hollow ball is filled, there is the characteristics such as lightweight, high strength and good buffering energy-absorbing effect.Al is had for falling low-density obturator
2o
3hollow ball, SiC hollow ball, SiO
2hollow ball, C hollow ball, glass microballoon, powder ash or its mixing hollow ball.Matrix is aluminium alloy mainly, also has magnesium base, iron-based, copper base, titanium base, lead base etc.Can the amount of dissolving according to the density domination of composite and hollow ball, the hollow ball volume fraction in composite can reach 40%-60%.
Find that the method for production Metal Substrate Hollow Sphere Composites mainly contains following several through retrieval: a kind of Pressure-seepage Flow casting being Chinese patent CN103614586 and introducing, it makes metal bath seepage flow enter hollow ball gap by ambient pressure, but this method uncontrollable seepage flow process, feeding capacity are poor, simultaneously because pressure effect causes aluminum substrate density to increase; One is powder metallurgic method, and by parent metal powder, adhesive and tiny balloon uniform stirring, compacting sintering is shaping under a certain pressure, but this complex technical process, and hollow ball requirement of strength is high and limit by particle diameter; A kind of paddling process being Chinese patent CN1174895A and introducing, it utilizes Aluminum-aluminum alloy for matrix, using thermal power plant's waste material flying dust as the aluminum matrix composite of additive, but this method adopts mechanical stirring device to cause the skewness of additive, the particle size of fly ash used is less and poor with the wetability of matrix, and this all have impact on the performance of made composite; A kind of method is also had to be the vacuum antigravity THROUGH METHOD that CN102601342A introduces, it makes casting chamber form negative pressure by vacuumizing, metal bath enters in hollow ball precast body through diversion component and cools, but the method is for skeleton with hollow ball precast body, molten metal is as filler, thus cause the reduction of compression performance, and complex technical process.Therefore, under the prerequisite not affecting composite compression performance, find the method reducing metal-base composites density, form the low cost preparation method being applicable to multiple alloy and become urgent problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of manufacture method of foam metal based composites, it solve that general hollow ball metal-base composites cost is high, density is large, the problem of complicated process of preparation.In this way while reduction metal-base composites density, the reduction of its compression performance can be avoided.
In order to achieve the above object, the mode that the present invention adopts suction pouring and pressurize seepage flow to combine, in suction pouring cavity filling process, type intracavity gas is thin, considerably reduce the vapour lock in liquid metal filling process, improve the mold-filling capacity of aluminium alloy, ensure the replica ability of aluminium alloy; Under dwell condition, keep mixing in casting process hollow ball and push away long-pending mode and marked change does not occur, avoid again the matrix density caused because pressure is excessive to increase simultaneously, thus ensure the maximization that density reduces.The hollow body simultaneously selected is Al
2o
3the hollow ball of hollow ball, SiC hollow ball, C hollow ball, glass bead etc. two kinds and two or more identical or different dimensional hybrids.The preparation method of Metal Substrate light composite material of the present invention carries out as follows:
A, the process of mixing hollow ball: hydrofluoric acid hollow ball being put into concentration 50% mass percent carries out pickling processes, is then preheating to 500-800 DEG C in electric furnace.
B, preparation before casting: first padding a slice bore dia bottom casting mold is 0.2mm, thickness is porous ceramics or the graphite cake of 10mm, then pretreated hollow ball is joined in casting mold, addition accounts for 2/3 of casting mold volume, covering a slice hole diameter at upper epidermis is 7mm, and thickness is porous ceramics or the graphite cake of 20mm, then preheating.
C, the preparation of metal_based material: the metal or alloy liquid after fusing is poured in casting mold, suction pouring and pressurize seepage flow is utilized to combine method, under the effect of negative pressure, make molten metal immerse in the gap of hollow ball through porous ceramics or graphite cake, treat that metal liquid cools after infiltrating completely, porous ingot casting is taken out in the rear demoulding.
D, detect the performance of metal-base composites: take out shaping metal-base composites, weigh bulk density and porosity, adopt compression test method to detect its mechanical property simultaneously, compared with the mechanical property of the Hollow Sphere Composites prepared with existing method, the method selects the mixing hollow ball of multiple different-grain diameter as inserts, under the acting in conjunction of pressurize and suction pouring, porosity can reach more than 60%, thus reduces density of material substantially.Simultaneously compared with similar-type products, the compression performance of material can improve 20-50%.
Above-mentioned metal is commercially available aluminium, magnesium, zinc, copper, titanium or iron;
Above-mentioned alloy is commercially available aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy, titanium alloy or ferroalloy;
It is 0.5-5.0mm that above-mentioned hollow ball is selected from commercially available diameter, and wall thickness is SiC hollow ball, the Al of 0.2-1.0mm
2o
3two or more the mixing hollow ball identical in the diameter of any ratio mixing in hollow ball, C hollow ball, glass bead, or the mixing hollow ball that diameter is not identical;
Above-mentioned vacuum extracts in the mode of mechanical pump, and the extraction time is 30-60min, and final vacuum is 0.1-1MPa.
Advantage of the present invention:
1, due to mode that the present invention adopts suction pouring and pressurize seepage flow to combine, molten metal can fully be immersed in hollow ball space, the foam metal hole prepared is well-balanced, controllability good, performance is near isotropism and no significant defect, and compression performance can improve 20-50% compared with similar-type products.
2, because the present invention adopts two or more mixing hollow ball, under guarantee does not affect the prerequisite of target product metal-base composites compression performance, can reduce composite density substantially, technological process is simultaneously simple, easily realizes serialization Foundry Production.
3, the present invention is to parent metal almost without selection, and can select different parent metals as required, porosity can reach more than 60%.
4, operation of the present invention few, to hollow ball kind and size wide accommodation, simple to operate, can also continuous casting and rolling be realized, thus the continuous casting realizing having mechanization and automation is produced, and substantially increases production efficiency
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of mould therefor in the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein 1-pressurize mould, 2-crucible, 3-resistance-heated furnace, 4-big hole porous ceramic film or graphite, 5-hollow ball, 6-vacuum chamber, 7-aperture porous ceramics or graphite are taken out, 8-pumped vacuum systems.
Detailed description of the invention
Present embodiment aluminium alloy is parent metal, selects the SiC hollow ball and Al that mix in any proportion
2o
3hollow ball 5, the diameter of this hollow ball is 0.5mm-5mm, SiC hollow ball and Al
2o
3hollow ball fusing point is high, hardness large, can fully mix with aluminium alloy and significantly not reduce the compression performance of alloy material.
Preparation method's mould (consulting Fig. 2) used is made up of pressurize mould 1, crucible 2, resistance-heated furnace 3, big hole porous ceramic film or graphite cake 4, vacuum chamber 6, aperture porous ceramics or graphite cake 7 and pumped vacuum systems 8.Its preparation process is: diameter is distributed in hollow ball within the scope of 0.5-5mm and carries out pickling or 300-800 DEG C of heat treatment 2-5h by (1); (2) bottom casting mold, pad commercially available aperture porous ceramics or the graphite 7 of the thick 10mm of a slice bore dia 0.2mm, then pretreated hollow ball is joined in casting mold, the commercially available big hole porous ceramic film of the thick 20mm of Surface mulch a slice bore dia 7mm or graphite 4, preheating is also incubated at 500 DEG C; (3), after the pre-heat treatment being carried out at 650 DEG C to pressurize mould 1 and casting mold, the aluminium liquid of 650-750 DEG C is poured in strand; (4) open the valve bottom casting mold, with mechanical pump extracting vacuum 30-60min, treat that vacuum reaches and be about 0.1-1MPa, under suction function, make metal aluminium liquid fully immerse in the gap of hollow ball; (5), after treating that metallic aluminium liquid infiltrates completely, vacuum system 8 is stopped to vacuumize and cool to room temperature; (6) after solidifying, porous ingot casting is taken out in the demoulding.Adopt foamed aluminium material that this method is produced compared with similar-type products, the contact surface of hollow ball and aluminum substrate is tightr, hole is more evenly distributed intrametallic, has higher compression strength, can prepare the foam metal product of different densities scope as required simultaneously.
Claims (1)
1. a step prepares the method for Metal Substrate light composite material, it is characterized in that:
A, the process of mixing hollow ball: hydrofluoric acid hollow ball being put into concentration 50% mass percent carries out pickling processes, is then preheating to 500-800 DEG C in electric furnace;
B, preparation before casting: first padding a slice hole diameter bottom casting mold is 0.2mm, thickness is commercially available porous ceramics or the graphite cake of 10mm, then pretreated hollow ball is joined in casting mold, addition accounts for 2/3 of casting mold volume, covering a slice hole diameter at upper epidermis is 7mm, and thickness is commercially available porous ceramics or graphite cake, the then preheating of 20mm;
C, the preparation of metal_based material: the metal or alloy liquid after fusing is poured in casting mold, utilize pressurize seepage flow and suction pouring method, under the effect of negative pressure, make molten metal immerse in the gap of hollow ball through porous ceramics or graphite cake, treat that metal liquid cools after infiltrating completely, finally demould takes out porous ingot casting.
D, detect the performance of metal-base composites: take out shaping metal-base composites, weigh bulk density and porosity, adopt compression test method to detect its mechanical property simultaneously, compared with the mechanical property of the Hollow Sphere Composites prepared with existing method, the method selects the mixing hollow ball of multiple different-grain diameter as inserts, under the acting in conjunction of pressurize and suction pouring, porosity can reach more than 60%, thus reduces density of material substantially.Simultaneously compared with similar-type products, the compression performance of material can improve 20-50%;
Above-mentioned metal is commercially available aluminium, magnesium, zinc, copper, titanium or iron;
Above-mentioned alloy is commercially available aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy, titanium alloy or ferroalloy;
It is 0.5-5.0mm that above-mentioned hollow ball is selected from commercially available diameter, and wall thickness is SiC hollow ball, the Al of 0.2-1.0mm
2o
3two or more the mixing hollow ball identical in the diameter of any ratio mixing in hollow ball, C hollow ball, glass bead, or the mixing hollow ball that diameter is not identical;
Above-mentioned vacuum extracts in the mode of mechanical pump, and the extraction time is 30-60min, and final vacuum is 0.1-1MPa.
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| CN201510036143.2A CN104588617B (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2015-01-23 | The method that one step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material |
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Cited By (23)
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| CN104907502A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-09-16 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing large-size metal soluble ball |
| CN105349817A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-24 | 无锡桥阳机械制造有限公司 | Technology for preparing composite material |
| CN106435242A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-02-22 | 北京中煤煤炭洗选技术有限公司 | Metal-based ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106756196A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-05-31 | 苏州思创源博电子科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of carborundum aluminium base brake disk material |
| CN107287463A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-24 | 西安法迪复合材料有限公司 | A kind of metal matrix ceramic composites |
| CN108486400A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-09-04 | 清华大学 | A kind of Metal Substrate hollow ball composite foam material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108684127A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-10-19 | 上海空间推进研究所 | Emitter wetting method and its dedicated unit |
| CN109108288A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2019-01-01 | 南京工程学院 | A kind of method that powder injection forming prepares hollow sphere Metal Substrate light composite material |
| CN109513906A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-03-26 | 宁波赛孚新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of hollow sphere metal composite foam production method |
| CN109777985A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-05-21 | 华南理工大学 | High-strength and high damping NiTi base composite foam damping material and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110656258A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-01-07 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Preparation method of metal/ceramic composite porous material |
| CN110895122A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2020-03-20 | 南京理工大学 | Metal-ceramic gradient composite armor and preparation method thereof |
| CN111283174A (en) * | 2020-03-28 | 2020-06-16 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Hollow metal ball composite material with pore gradient |
| CN111347028A (en) * | 2020-03-28 | 2020-06-30 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Casting mold for metal hollow sphere composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111446017A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-24 | 上海核工程研究设计院有限公司 | Horizontal middle-open type double-component fuel transport container and dismounting method thereof |
| EP3708486A1 (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2020-09-16 | Airbus Operations Limited | Aircraft wing component |
| CN111842854A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-10-30 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method and device for manufacturing heterogeneous hollow ball foam steel |
| CN112893811A (en) * | 2020-07-12 | 2021-06-04 | 中科天元(北京)科技发展有限公司 | Light heat-insulating sound-absorbing composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113981262A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-28 | 尹立赫 | Foam metal cavity forming material and forming method thereof |
| CN114012070A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-08 | 苏州市祥冠合金研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material and composite material |
| CN114231779A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of glass bead reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material |
| CN114373972A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-19 | 东莞富瑟尔科技有限公司 | Molten salt diffusion compounding device and method |
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| CN114505465B (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2024-01-09 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Preparation method of composite foam steel |
| CN113981262A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-28 | 尹立赫 | Foam metal cavity forming material and forming method thereof |
| CN114012070B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-11-03 | 苏州市祥冠合金研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material and composite material |
| CN114012070A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-08 | 苏州市祥冠合金研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material and composite material |
| CN114231779A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of glass bead reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material |
| CN114231779B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-08-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of glass bead reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material |
| CN114373972A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-19 | 东莞富瑟尔科技有限公司 | Molten salt diffusion compounding device and method |
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