CN104588617B - The method that one step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material - Google Patents
The method that one step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN104588617B CN104588617B CN201510036143.2A CN201510036143A CN104588617B CN 104588617 B CN104588617 B CN 104588617B CN 201510036143 A CN201510036143 A CN 201510036143A CN 104588617 B CN104588617 B CN 104588617B
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- metal
- hollow ball
- hollow
- alloy
- casting
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/14—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the methods that a step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material.It is to utilize pressurize seepage flow and suction pouring method, molten metal is set to be immersed in the gap of hollow ball through porous ceramics or graphite cake under the action of negative pressure, wait for the postcooling of metal liquid infiltration completely, finally demoulding is taken out, the foam metal based composites containing closed-cell are obtained, which is Al2O3The mixing hollow ball of two kinds and two or more similar and different sizes in hollow ball, SiC hollow balls, C hollow balls or glass bead.While the metal-base composites porosity prepared with the present invention can reach 60% or more and significantly reduce density, compressive strength can be improved 20 50% compared with similar products, to realize high-strength, lightweight, have the several functions such as damping shock absorption, sound insulation and noise reduction, energy absorption, it is simple for process, process is few, the foam metal product of different densities can be prepared to parent metal almost without selection to hollow spheres type and size wide adaptation range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods that a step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material.Specifically utilize one or more not
With the closed hollow sphere filler of size, the method for preparing foaming structure metal-base composites, hollow ball used is not necessarily in mould
Precast body is prepared in tool, but a step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material.The material for adopting this method preparation not only has
Excellent compression performance, while density of material can be also significantly reduced, to reach lightweight purpose.
Background technology
Metal-base composites is using metal or alloy as matrix, and with fiber, whisker, particle etc. for the compound of reinforcement
Material, it is preferable for the comprehensive performances such as transverse direction and shear strength is higher, toughness and fatigue in terms of mechanical property, while also having
Heat conduction, conduction, wear-resisting, coefficient of thermal expansion is small, damping and amortization is good, non-hygroscopic, not aging and it is pollution-free the advantages that, but also have cost
High, the shortcomings of density is big, preparation process is complicated.Such as the reinforcements such as fiber, whisker is expensive, preparation process is complicated, leads
The application of this kind of metal-base composites is caused to be restricted, and as the reinforced particulate relative low price of reinforcement, matrix
The selectable range of alloy is wide, and can use Conventional processing methods preparation and secondary operation, it is easy to accomplish in batches and on a large scale
Production has good economic benefit.In recent years, high-strength light alloy material is in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, building materials
Using more and more extensive, the density that metal-base composites is reduced in the case where not significantly affecting compression performance is alloy material
Light-weighted main path.Foam metal material is the Main way of material lightweight, is divided into through-hole by the structure of hole and closes
Two class of hole, wherein closed-cell foam metal material have better intensity, have because it has both structural material and functional material characteristic
There is extensive use.
There is lightweight, high intensity and good buffering energy-absorbing effect etc. with the metal-base composites of hollow ball filling
Characteristic.Obturator to reduce density has Al2O3Hollow ball, SiC hollow balls, SiO2Hollow ball, C hollow balls, glass microballoon, powder
Ash or its mixing hollow ball.Matrix is mainly aluminium alloy, also there is magnesium-based, iron-based, copper-based, titanium-based, lead base etc..According to composite material
Density domination and hollow ball can the amount of dissolving in, the hollow ball fraction in composite material can reach 40%-60%.
The method for finding production Metal Substrate Hollow Sphere Composites through retrieval is mainly the following：One is Chinese patents
The pressure infiltration casting method that CN103614586 is introduced makes metal bath seepage flow enter hollow sphere gap by ambient pressure, but
It is poor that this method is unable to control seepage flow process, feeding capacity, simultaneously because pressure effect causes aluminium base volume density to increase；One is
Powder metallurgic method, by parent metal powder, adhesive and tiny balloon uniform stirring, compacting sintering is molded under a certain pressure,
But the complex technical process, hollow ball intensity requirement is high and is limited by grain size；It is introduced one is Chinese patent CN1174895A
Paddling process is matrix using aluminium and its alloy, using thermal power plant's waste material flying dust as the aluminum matrix composite of additive, but it is this
Method causes being unevenly distributed for additive using mechanical stirring device, and the particle size of fly ash used is smaller and wetability with matrix
Poor, this all affects the performance of made composite material；Still an alternative is that the vacuum anti-gravity that CN102601342A is introduced
THROUGH METHOD makes casting chamber form negative pressure by vacuumizing, and metal bath enters cooling in hollow ball precast body through diversion component,
But the method is using hollow ball precast body as skeleton, and molten metal is as filler, to cause the reduction of compression performance, and technique mistake
Journey is complicated.Therefore, the method for reducing metal-base composites density is found under the premise of not influencing composite material compression performance,
Formed becomes urgent problem suitable for the low cost preparation method of a variety of alloys.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacturing methods of foam metal based composites, it solves general hollow ball
The problem that metal-base composites is of high cost, density is big, preparation process is complicated.Reducing metal-base composites in this way
While density, the reduction of its compression performance can avoid.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is in such a way that suction pouring and pressurize seepage flow are combined, in suction pouring
In cavity filling process, type intracavity gas is thin, hence it is evident that reduces the vapour lock during liquid metal filling, that improves aluminium alloy fills type energy
Power ensures the replica ability of aluminium alloy；Under dwell condition, mixing hollow ball pushes away long-pending mode and does not show in holding casting process
Variation is write, while matrix density caused by since pressure is excessive being avoided to increase again, to ensure the maximization of density reduction.Simultaneously
The hollow body of selection is Al2O3Two kinds of hollow ball, SiC hollow balls, C hollow balls, glass bead etc. and two or more identical or not
With the hollow ball of dimensional hybrids.The preparation method of the Metal Substrate light composite material of the present invention carries out as follows：
A mixes the processing of hollow ball：Hollow ball is put into the hydrofluoric acid of 50% mass percent of concentration and is carried out at pickling
Reason, is then preheating to 500-800 DEG C in electric furnace.
B, the preparation before casting：It is 0.2mm to pad a piece of bore dia in casting mold bottom first, and thickness is the porous ceramics of 10mm
Or graphite cake, then pretreated hollow ball is added in casting mold, addition accounts for about the 2/3 of casting mold volume, in upper epidermis
It is 7mm to cover a piece of hole diameter, and thickness is the porous ceramics or graphite cake of 20mm, is then preheated.
C, the preparation of metal_based material：Metal or alloy liquid after fusing is poured into casting mold, using suction pouring and
Pressurize seepage flow is combined method, and molten metal is made to be immersed between hollow ball through porous ceramics or graphite cake under the action of negative pressure
In gap, wait for that the postcooling of metal liquid infiltration completely, rear demoulding take out porous ingot casting.
D detects the performance of metal-base composites：Molding metal-base composites is taken out, weighs and calculates density and hole
Porosity, while its mechanical property is detected using compression test method, the mechanics of the Hollow Sphere Composites prepared with existing method
Performance is compared, and the method selects the mixing hollow balls of a variety of different-grain diameters as filler material, in the common of pressurize and suction pouring
Under effect, porosity is up to 60% or more, to maximumlly reduce density of material.Simultaneously compared with similar-type products, material
Compression performance 20-50% can be improved.
Above-mentioned metal is commercially available aluminium, magnesium, zinc, copper, titanium or iron；
Above-mentioned alloy is commercially available aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy, titanium alloy or ferroalloy；
Above-mentioned hollow ball is selected from commercially available a diameter of 0.5-5.0mm, and wall thickness is SiC hollow balls, the Al of 0.2-1.0mm2O3It is empty
The identical mixing of two or more the diameter mixed in any proportion in bulbus cordis, C hollow balls, glass bead is hollow
Ball or the different mixing hollow ball of diameter；
Above-mentioned vacuum is extracted in a manner of mechanical pump, and the extraction time is 30-60min, and final vacuum degree is 0.1-
1MPa。
Advantages of the present invention：
1, since the present invention is in such a way that suction pouring and pressurize seepage flow are combined, molten metal can be sufficiently submerged in sky
In bulbus cordis gap, the foam metal hole prepared is well-balanced, controllability is good, performance near isotropism and no significant defect,
20-50% can be improved in compression performance compared with similar-type products.
2, since the present invention is using two or more mixing hollow ball, ensureing that not influencing target product Metal Substrate answers
Under the premise of condensation material compression performance, composite density can be maximumlly reduced, while technological process is simple, easily the company of realization
Continuousization Foundry Production.
3, the present invention can select different parent metals, porosity can as needed to parent metal almost without selection
To reach 60% or more.
4, process of the present invention it is few, to hollow ball type and size wide adaptation range, easy to operate, moreover it is possible to realize that continuous casting connects
It rolls, to realize the continuously casting production with mechanization and automation, substantially increases production efficiency
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the present invention,
Fig. 2 be the present invention specific implementation mode in mould therefor structural schematic diagram.
Wherein 1-pressurize mold, 2-crucibles, 3-resistance-heated furnaces, 4-big hole porous ceramic films or graphite, 5-is hollow
Ball, 6-vacuum chambers, 7-aperture porous ceramics or graphite are taken out, 8-pumped vacuum systems.
Specific implementation mode
It is parent metal that present embodiment, which selects aluminium alloy, selects the SiC hollow balls and Al mixed in any proportion2O3It is empty
The diameter of bulbus cordis 5, the hollow ball is 0.5mm-5mm, SiC hollow balls and Al2O3Hollow ball fusing point is high, hardness is big, can be closed with aluminium
Gold is sufficiently mixed and does not significantly reduce the compression performance of alloy material.
Mold (refering to Fig. 2) used in preparation method is by pressurize mold 1, crucible 2, resistance-heated furnace 3, big hole porous ceramic film
Or graphite cake 4, vacuum chamber 6, aperture porous ceramics or graphite cake 7 and pumped vacuum systems 8 form.Its preparation process is：It (1) will be straight
Diameter is distributed in hollow ball within the scope of 0.5-5mm and carries out pickling or 300-800 DEG C of heat treatment 2-5h；(2) it is padded in casting mold bottom a piece of
The commercially available aperture porous ceramics or graphite 7 of bore dia 0.2mm thickness 10mm, is then added to casting mold by pretreated hollow ball
In, the commercially available big hole porous ceramic film or graphite 4 of a piece of bore dia 7mm thickness 20mm of Surface mulch are preheated and are kept the temperature at 500 DEG C；
(3) after carrying out the pre-heat treatment at 650 DEG C to pressurize mold 1 and casting mold, 650-750 DEG C of molten aluminum is poured into strand；(4)
The valve for opening casting mold bottom extracts vacuum 30-60min with mechanical pump, waits for that vacuum degree reaches about 0.1-1MPa, makees in negative pressure
Metal aluminium liquid is set to be sufficiently submerged in the gap of hollow ball under；(5) after waiting for the infiltration completely of metallic aluminium liquid, stop vacuum system
8 vacuumize and are cooled to room temperature；(6) porous ingot casting is taken out in demoulding after solidifying.Using this method production foamed aluminium material with
Similar-type products are compared, and the contact surface of hollow ball and aluminum substrate is closer, and hole is more evenly distributed intrametallic, have higher
Compression strength, while the foam metal product of different densities range can be prepared as needed.
Claims (1)
1. the method that a step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material, it is characterized in that：
A mixes the processing of hollow ball：Hollow ball is put into the hydrofluoric acid of 50% mass percent of concentration and carries out pickling processes,
Then 500 DEG C are preheating in electric furnace；
B, the preparation before casting：It is 0.2mm to pad a piece of aperture in casting mold bottom first, and thickness is the porous ceramics or graphite of 10mm
Then hollow ball after processing of step A is added in casting mold by plate, addition accounts for the 2/3 of casting mold volume, is covered in upper epidermis
A piece of aperture is 7mm, and thickness is the porous ceramics or graphite cake of 20mm, is then preheated；
C, the preparation of metal_based material：Metal or alloy liquid after fusing is poured into casting mold, pressurize seepage flow and vacuum are utilized
Suction casting method makes molten metal be immersed in the gap of hollow ball through porous ceramics or graphite cake under the action of negative pressure, waits for gold
After belonging to liquid infiltration completely, stop vacuum system, cooling, porous ingot casting is taken out in finally demoulding；
D detects the performance of metal-base composites：Molding metal-base composites is taken out, weighs and calculates density and porosity,
Its mechanical property is detected using compression test method simultaneously, the method selects mixing hollow ball as filler material, in pressurize and very
Under the collective effect of suction casting, porosity is up to 60% or more, to maximumlly reduce density of material；
Above-mentioned metal is aluminium, magnesium, zinc, copper, titanium or iron；
Above-mentioned alloy is aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy, titanium alloy or ferroalloy；
Above-mentioned mixing hollow ball is selected from a diameter of 5.0mm, and wall thickness is SiC hollow balls, the Al of 0.2mm2O3Hollow ball, C hollow balls,
Two or more the mixing hollow ball mixed in any proportion in glass bead；
Above-mentioned vacuum is extracted in a manner of mechanical pump, and the extraction time is 30-60min, and final vacuum degree is 0.1-1MPa.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN201510036143.2A CN104588617B (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2015-01-23 | The method that one step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material |
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| CN201510036143.2A CN104588617B (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2015-01-23 | The method that one step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material |
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| CN104588617A CN104588617A (en) | 2015-05-06 |
| CN104588617B true CN104588617B (en) | 2018-08-24 |
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| CN104907502B (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2017-03-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing large-size metal soluble ball |
| CN106435242A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-02-22 | 北京中煤煤炭洗选技术有限公司 | Metal-based ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105349817A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-24 | 无锡桥阳机械制造有限公司 | Technology for preparing composite material |
| CN107287463A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-24 | 西安法迪复合材料有限公司 | A kind of metal matrix ceramic composites |
| CN106756196A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-05-31 | 苏州思创源博电子科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of carborundum aluminium base brake disk material |
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| CN114012070B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-11-03 | 苏州市祥冠合金研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material and composite material |
| CN114231779B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-08-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of glass bead reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material |
| CN114373972A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-19 | 东莞富瑟尔科技有限公司 | Molten salt diffusion compounding device and method |
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