CN104131194B - A kind of preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN104131194B CN104131194B CN201410346696.3A CN201410346696A CN104131194B CN 104131194 B CN104131194 B CN 104131194B CN 201410346696 A CN201410346696 A CN 201410346696A CN 104131194 B CN104131194 B CN 104131194B
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- aluminum
- aluminum alloy
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy, belong to porous metal material preparing technical field.The present invention's aluminum or aluminum alloy powder and NaCl particle are raw material, base is pressed into after powder mixing, pressed compact is heated to below commercial-purity aluminium fusing point or aluminium alloy solidus 30 ~ 100 DEG C and carries out the metallurgical binding that vacuum hotpressing realizes between aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, after the cooling of Vacuum Heat pressed compact, with water-soluble except the NaCl particle in Vacuum Heat pressed compact, obtain micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy, the preparation method of this described micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy has that microvoid structure is controlled, technique simple, the feature of low cost, can realize suitability for industrialized production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy, belong to porous metal material preparing technical field.
Background technology
The porous aluminum or aluminum alloy with through-hole structure has the characteristics such as low density, Gao Biqiang, energy absorption, sound-absorption vibration-reduction, infiltration circulation, low-heat specific conductivity, has wide application market in fields such as structured material, noise control, filtration, heat-insulation and heat-preservation heat radiation, electromagnetic shielding, back-fire reliefs.There is the micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy of microvoid structure, due to the miniaturization of pore structure, more superior in the performance of above Application Areas.
The main flow preparation method of current known porous aluminum or aluminum alloy mainly contains infiltration casting and powder metallurgic method two kinds.
Conventional Seepage Foundry method prepares porous aluminum or aluminum alloy, is penetrated into by aluminum or aluminum alloy melt in the hole of NaCl particle precursor body by pressure (malleation or negative pressure), and after cooling, the water-soluble NaCl particle that removes obtains porous aluminum or aluminum alloy.The method can prepare the micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy of larger aperture (more than 0.2mm), but for the micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy of fine aperture (below 0.1mm), is difficult to realize due to aluminum or aluminum alloy filling melt subparticle difficulty.
Powder metallurgic method, after being from powder approach, being mixed by aluminum or aluminum alloy powder with NaCl particle, suppressing, is heated to certain temperature and sinters.Because the activity of aluminum or aluminum alloy is comparatively large, the easily oxidation of its surface, aluminum or aluminum alloy particle is more tiny, be then oxidized more serious, and conventional atmosphere sintering or vacuum sintering are all difficult to the micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy obtaining metallurgical binding.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy is difficult to obtain for overcoming above-mentioned known porous aluminum or aluminium alloy technology of preparing, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy, the method has that microvoid structure is controlled, technique is simple, the feature of low cost, can realize suitability for industrialized production.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: adopt aluminum or aluminum alloy powder and NaCl particle to be raw material, base is pressed into after powder mixing, pressed compact is heated to below aluminum or aluminum alloy fusing point 30 ~ 100 DEG C and carries out the metallurgical binding that vacuum hotpressing realizes between aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, after the cooling of Vacuum Heat pressed compact, with water-soluble except the NaCl particle in Vacuum Heat pressed compact, obtain micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy.Specifically comprise the steps:
(1) preparation of mixed powder base: the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder of employing granularity 10 ~ 100 μm and granularity are the NaCl particle of 10 ~ 100 μm is that raw material is prepared burden, wherein, the volume percent of NaCl particle in mixed powder is 30 ~ 70%, after aluminum or aluminum alloy powder and NaCl particle mix 1 ~ 3 hour in mixer, carry out compacting with pressing machine and obtain mixed powder base;
(2) vacuum hotpressing of mixed powder base: the mixed powder base that step (1) obtains is heated to below aluminum or aluminum alloy fusing point 30 ~ 100 DEG C and carries out vacuum hotpressing, the vacuum hotpressing time is 0.5 ~ 2 hour, and after vacuum hotpressing, furnace cooling obtains Vacuum Heat pressed compact;
(3) aftertreatment of Vacuum Heat pressed compact: the water-soluble NaCl particle except wherein of Vacuum Heat pressed compact step (3) obtained, obtains porosity 30 ~ 70%, micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy that pore diameter range is identical with NaCl particle size range.
Aluminum or aluminum alloy powder described in step (1) is any one in commercial-purity aluminium, cast aluminium alloy, processing Al alloy powder.
In step (1) when goal porosity is less than 50%, the particle diameter of described NaCl particle is less than the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder; When goal porosity equals 50%, the particle diameter of described NaCl particle is identical with the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder; When goal porosity is greater than 50%, the particle diameter of described NaCl particle is greater than the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder.
The pressure of the compacting of mixed powder described in step (1) base is 100 ~ 500MPa.
Described in step (2), the vacuum tightness of vacuum hotpressing is 10
-2~ 10
-3pa, vacuum hotpressing pressure is 20 ~ 50MPa.
The water-soluble method except NaCl particle described in step (3) is molten except NaCl particle for Vacuum Heat pressed compact being placed in room temperature flowing water, molten except the time be 0.5 ~ 2 hour.
Principle of the present invention is:
(1) grain diameter of mixed powder is selected and Porosity control principle
The selection of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder and NaCl grain diameter, relevant with the size of goal porosity.When goal porosity is less than 50%, the particle diameter of NaCl particle is less than the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, to ensure the major network structure of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder in mixture, and the space of the network structure of the particles filled aluminum or aluminum alloy powder of less NaCl; When goal porosity equals 50%, the particle diameter of described NaCl particle is identical with the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, and particle diameter and the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder of NaCl particle form interconnective network structure jointly; When goal porosity is greater than 50%, the particle diameter of described NaCl particle is greater than the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, and to ensure the major network structure of NaCl particle in mixture, less aluminum or aluminum alloy powder fills the space of NaCl particle network structure.
The micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy of final acquisition, its porosity is identical with the volume percent of NaCl particle, and its aperture determined by the particle size range of NaCl particle.
(2) the vacuum hotpressing principle of pressed compact
Aluminium powder form surface has the aluminum oxide that one deck nanometer scale is thick usually, under vacuum hotpressing condition, the oxide layer ruptures on aluminium powder form surface makes the contact forming fresh metal surface between aluminium powder form, and aluminium powder form surface can not produce new zone of oxidation, realizes the good metallurgical binding between aluminium powder form thus.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Aluminum or aluminum alloy powder mixes at normal temperatures with NaCl particle, by particle diameter and the content regulation and control of powder and particle, realizes the controllability of microvoid structure; Meanwhile, the vacuum hotpressing of mixed powder pressed compact, can realize the metallurgical binding between aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, overcomes the deficiency that conventional method of seepage and powder metallurgy process are difficult to prepare micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy goods.Provide that a kind of pore structure is controlled, technique be simple, the micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy preparation method of low cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described content.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy described in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of mixed powder base: the NaCl particle adopting granularity to be the L03 commercial-purity aluminium powder of 30 ~ 45 μm and granularity to be 10 ~ 25 μm is that raw material is prepared burden, wherein the volume percent of NaCl particle in mixed powder is 30%, obtain uniform mixed powder after commercial-purity aluminium powder and NaCl particle mix 3 hours in mixer, this mixed powder is obtained mixed powder base in the pressure system of 500MPa;
(2) vacuum hotpressing of mixed powder base: the mixed powder base that step (1) is obtained is heated to 600 DEG C and carries out vacuum hotpressing (vacuum tightness 10
-3pa, vacuum hotpressing pressure 20MPa, vacuum hotpressing time 2 h), after vacuum hotpressing, furnace cooling obtains Vacuum Heat pressed compact;
(3) aftertreatment of Vacuum Heat pressed compact: Vacuum Heat pressed compact obtained for step (2) is placed in room temperature flowing water molten except NaCl particle, molten except the time be 0.5 hour, obtain the micropore L03 commercial-purity aluminium of porosity 30%, pore diameter range 10 ~ 25 μm.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy described in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of mixed powder base: the NaCl particle adopting granularity to be 6061 Al alloy powders of 25 ~ 37 μm and granularity to be 25 ~ 37 μm is that raw material is prepared burden, wherein, the volume percent of NaCl particle in mixed powder is 50%, obtain uniform mixed powder after Al alloy powder and NaCl particle mix 2 hours in mixer, this mixed powder is obtained mixed powder base in the pressure system of 400MPa;
(2) vacuum hotpressing of mixed powder base: the mixed powder base that step (1) is obtained is heated to 560 DEG C and carries out vacuum hotpressing (vacuum tightness 0.5*10
-2pa, vacuum hotpressing pressure 40MPa, 1 hour vacuum hotpressing time), after vacuum hotpressing, furnace cooling obtains Vacuum Heat pressed compact;
(3) aftertreatment of Vacuum Heat pressed compact: Vacuum Heat pressed compact obtained for step (2) is placed in room temperature flowing water molten except NaCl particle, molten except the time be 1.5 hours, obtain 6061 micropore aluminium alloys of porosity 50%, pore diameter range 25 ~ 37 μm.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy described in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of mixed powder base: the NaCl particle adopting granularity to be the ZL 101 alloy powder of 37 ~ 53 μm and granularity to be 75 ~ 100 μm is raw material, wherein, the volume percent of NaCl particle in mixed powder is 70%, obtain uniform mixed powder after Al alloy powder and NaCl particle mix 1 hour in mixer, this mixed powder is obtained mixed powder base in the pressure system of 100MPa;
(2) vacuum hotpressing of mixed powder base: the mixed powder base that step (1) is obtained is heated to 530 DEG C and carries out vacuum hotpressing (vacuum tightness 10
-2pa, vacuum hotpressing pressure 50MPa, 0.5 hour vacuum hotpressing time), after vacuum hotpressing, furnace cooling obtains Vacuum Heat pressed compact;
(3) aftertreatment of Vacuum Heat pressed compact: Vacuum Heat pressed compact obtained for step (2) is placed in room temperature flowing water molten except NaCl particle, molten except the time be 2 hours, obtain the ZL101 micropore aluminium alloy of porosity 70%, pore diameter range 75 ~ 100 μm.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy described in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of mixed powder base: the NaCl particle adopting granularity to be the ZL201 Al alloy powder of 10 ~ 25 μm and granularity to be 75 ~ 100 μm is raw material, wherein, the volume percent of NaCl particle in mixed powder is 60%, obtain uniform mixed powder after Al alloy powder and NaCl particle mix 1.5 hours in mixer, this mixed powder is obtained mixed powder base in the pressure system of 200MPa;
(2) vacuum hotpressing of mixed powder base: the mixed powder base that step (1) is obtained is heated to 510 DEG C and carries out vacuum hotpressing (vacuum tightness 0.3*10
-2pa, vacuum hotpressing pressure 30MPa, 1.5 hours vacuum hotpressing time), after vacuum hotpressing, furnace cooling obtains Vacuum Heat pressed compact;
(3) aftertreatment of Vacuum Heat pressed compact: Vacuum Heat pressed compact obtained for step (2) is placed in room temperature flowing water molten except NaCl particle, molten except the time be 1 hour, obtain the ZL201 micropore aluminium alloy of porosity 60%, pore diameter range 75 ~ 100 μm.
Below by reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art possess, various change can also be made under the prerequisite not departing from present inventive concept.
Claims (6)
1. a preparation method for micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of mixed powder base: the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder of employing granularity 10 ~ 100 μm and granularity are the NaCl particle of 10 ~ 100 μm is that raw material is prepared burden, wherein, the volume percent of NaCl particle in mixed powder is 30 ~ 70%, after aluminum or aluminum alloy powder and NaCl particle mix 1 ~ 3 hour in mixer, carry out compacting with pressing machine and obtain mixed powder base;
(2) vacuum hotpressing of mixed powder base: the mixed powder base that step (1) obtains is heated to below aluminum or aluminum alloy fusing point 30 ~ 100 DEG C and carries out vacuum hotpressing, the vacuum hotpressing time is 0.5 ~ 2 hour, and after vacuum hotpressing, furnace cooling obtains Vacuum Heat pressed compact;
(3) aftertreatment of Vacuum Heat pressed compact: the water-soluble removing of the Vacuum Heat pressed compact NaCl particle wherein step (2) obtained, obtains porosity 30 ~ 70%, micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy that pore diameter range is identical with NaCl particle size range.
2. the preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in step (1), aluminium powder form is commercial-purity aluminium, aluminium alloy be cast aluminium alloy, processing Al alloy powder in any one.
3. the preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), when goal porosity is less than 50%, and the particle diameter of NaCl particle is less than the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder; When goal porosity equals 50%, the particle diameter of NaCl particle is identical with the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder; When goal porosity is greater than 50%, the particle diameter of NaCl particle is greater than the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder.
4. the preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the pressure of the compacting of mixed powder described in step (1) base is 100 ~ 500MPa.
5. the preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), the vacuum tightness of vacuum hotpressing is 10
-2~ 10
-3pa, vacuum hotpressing pressure is 20 ~ 50MPa.
6. the preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the water-soluble method except NaCl particle described in step (3) is molten except NaCl particle for Vacuum Heat pressed compact being placed in room temperature flowing water, molten except the time be 0.5 ~ 2 hour.
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| CN107794393B (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2019-08-27 | 中南大学 | A kind of preparation method of micron-sized low porosity porous Al alloy |
| CN109890932B (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2021-03-26 | 香港科技大学 | Lightweight and high toughness aluminum composite with ceramic matrix |
| CN108384975B (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-02-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of porous aluminum alloy |
| CN112126825B (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2021-07-30 | 宁波悦威液压科技有限公司 | Hydraulic cylinder silencer and manufacturing process thereof |
| CN114892164B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-10-27 | 湘潭大学 | Preparation method of porous membrane on inner wall of stainless steel heat pipe |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102618745A (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-08-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of copper porous material |
| CN103614586A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method for Al2O3 hollow sphere/aluminum porous composite material |
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| JP4289775B2 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2009-07-01 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Porous metal matrix composite |
| JP2009270149A (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2009-11-19 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | Aluminum porous body and manufacturing method therefor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102618745A (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-08-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of copper porous material |
| CN103614586A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method for Al2O3 hollow sphere/aluminum porous composite material |
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