CN112126825B - Hydraulic cylinder silencer and manufacturing process thereof - Google Patents
Hydraulic cylinder silencer and manufacturing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112126825B CN112126825B CN202010796476.6A CN202010796476A CN112126825B CN 112126825 B CN112126825 B CN 112126825B CN 202010796476 A CN202010796476 A CN 202010796476A CN 112126825 B CN112126825 B CN 112126825B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/04—Casting by dipping
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
- C22C1/081—Casting porous metals into porous preform skeleton without foaming
- C22C1/082—Casting porous metals into porous preform skeleton without foaming with removal of the preform
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0036—Matrix based on Al, Mg, Be or alloys thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
Abstract
The invention relates to a hydraulic cylinder silencer and a preparation process thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy composite materials. The hydraulic cylinder muffler comprises 72-85% of aluminum alloy and 15-30% of filler in percentage by mass. Proper amount of Ce is added in the preparation process2O3Is favorable for improving the mechanical property of the alloy, improving the aperture distribution of the alloy material, improving the noise reduction effect of the silencer and selecting A1 with proper proportion2O3The NaCl is used as the filler together, the sound barrier in a complete honeycomb shape is formed in the aluminum alloy, the noise reduction and sound insulation effects are further improved, the filler is pressed into a prefabricated block and then sintered, the prefabricated block is preheated in a mold, stable and uniform through holes are formed in the filler, and the finally obtained silencer has high porosity, high specific strength, good energy absorption performance, high temperature resistance, noise reduction and other excellent performances.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hydraulic cylinder silencer and a preparation process thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy composite materials.
Background
The hydraulic cylinder is a hydraulic actuator which converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and performs linear reciprocating motion (or swinging motion). Noise is generated during operation of the hydraulic cylinder by mechanical vibration, shaking of the pipes caused by high flow rates of the oil flow, or imbalance of the rotating parts of the electric motor and the hydraulic pump. In addition to the need to adjust the hydraulic cylinder components to reduce noise, a muffler device may be provided to dampen noise.
The existing silencer on the market is generally made of 'common steel iron' and 'stainless steel products'. The common steel silencer can be slowly delaminated in half a year, at most one year, so that the power is seriously influenced, the energy consumption is increased, and the outer skin of the silencer is easy to form a leakage point and the sound is hard to hear. The stainless steel silencer has extremely thin pipe wall, good silencing effect, durability, beautiful appearance, but high material price and difficult processing, and is difficult to realize industrial production. Therefore, a hydraulic cylinder muffler with excellent performance and economic and environmental protection needs to be developed to overcome the defects of the existing muffler.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a hydraulic cylinder silencer which is light in weight, noise-reducing and sound-insulating, strong in energy-absorbing capacity, environment-friendly, economical and easy to process.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: a hydraulic cylinder silencer comprises, by mass, 72-85% of aluminum alloy and 15-30% of filler.
The filler and the aluminum alloy are matched for use, so that the aluminum alloy forms a shape like a honeycomb, when sound waves enter the aluminum alloy, sound energy is converted into heat energy by means of mechanical movement, a good sound barrier is formed, and good noise reduction and sound insulation effects are achieved. Meanwhile, the inorganic filler has small density and strong high temperature resistance and heat resistance, thereby being beneficial to further reducing the weight of the silencer and increasing the high temperature resistance and heat resistance of the silencer.
Preferably, the raw material for manufacturing the silencer also comprises 0.05-0.2% of Ce2O3。Ce2O3Can be used as a non-uniform nucleation core of alloy molten liquid, and is due to Ce2O3The high-melting-point high-strength high-toughness sound-absorbing material has a high melting point, can be used as a non-spontaneous core, promotes nucleation, is beneficial to grain refinement, can improve the mechanical property of alloy, can promote the distribution of pores, sizes and forms of alloy materials to be more uniform, is beneficial to the construction of an alloy complete sound barrier, further improves the filtering property of a silencer and improves the noise reduction effect.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: si: 4.5-8%, Ca: 0.6-3%, Mg: 0.5-1.8%, Ce: 0.15-0.6%, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities. In order to further increase the intermiscibility of the filler and the aluminum alloy base material, Ca and Mg are added into the aluminum alloy component as solubilizing phases, so that the interface condition between the components is improved, the interface tension between the components is reduced, the bonding force between the base material and the filler is improved, and the silencer has more stable noise reduction performance. Small amount of Ce can promote the alloy to form strengthening phase All2Si4O10(OH)2、CeMg4Al8And new phase Al11Ce3And the shape and size of the strengthening phase can be changed to be dispersed, so that the tensile strength and the deformation resistance of the silencer are enhanced.
Preferably, the filler consists of 68-80% of A1 in percentage by mass2O3And 20-32% NaCl. NaCl in the filler is loose particles, and the outer layer of the filler is coated with NaCl under the action of external forceThe protective layer is easy to break, so that the uniform state of NaCl particles does not exist, the pore structure of the aluminum alloy material is not uniform, the noise reduction and sound insulation effects of the aluminum alloy material are reduced, and in order to avoid the adverse effect caused by the independent use of NaCl, A1 is added into the filler disclosed by the invention2O3，A12O3Has good migration performance, when NaCl is acted by external force, A12O3Can migrate to the outer protective layer of NaCl to prevent the protective layer from being damaged and ensure the uniform and complete pore size structure of NaCl. A12O3And the mass percent of NaCl is controlled in the range, so that the sound barrier in a honeycomb shape formed in the aluminum alloy can be prevented from being incomplete or damaged due to the unbalanced proportion of NaCl and the sound barrier, and the noise reduction and sound insulation effects are further reduced.
Further preferably, the particle size of the filler is 1 to 5 mm.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation process of the hydraulic cylinder muffler, which comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing raw materials for manufacturing the silencer according to a proportion, smelting aluminum alloy into alloy liquid, and adding Ce in the smelting process2O3；
S2: pressing the filler into a precast block, sintering at the temperature of 450-550 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and then placing in a mold to preheat to the temperature of 300-400 ℃;
s3: pressing the alloy liquid in the step S1 into a filler precast block to prepare a semi-finished product of the silencer;
s4: and cleaning and drying the semi-finished product of the silencer to obtain a finished product of the silencer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention presses the filler into the precast block for sintering, and then preheats in the die, on one hand, the invention is beneficial to forming stable and uniform through holes in the filler, and effectively reduces the pressure when the alloy is pressed; on the other hand, the method is beneficial to reducing the residual stress of the filler and the acting force between the filler and the alloy liquid so as to clean the semi-finished product of the silencer in the following process and completely remove harmful ions in the filler. But the sintering temperature is not more than 550 ℃, so that the collapse of a pore channel constructed in the filler is avoided, and a continuous three-dimensional network-shaped aluminum alloy framework cannot be constructed when the alloy liquid is pressed into the filler precast block, so that a complete sound barrier cannot be formed. The silencer prepared by the preparation method has a series of excellent performances such as high porosity, high specific strength, large specific surface area, good energy absorption, high temperature resistance, noise reduction and the like.
Preferably, the smelting temperature in the step S1 is 750-850 ℃.
Preferably, the pressing pressure in step S3 is 0.07 to 0.5 MPa. In the invention, as the filler is sintered and preheated, the formed pore canal is smooth, so the pressure for pressing the alloy liquid is obviously reduced compared with the prior art, the pressure is overlarge, the structural structure of the alloy is easy to damage, the specific strength of the alloy is reduced, even the pore canal collapses, and the construction of a sound barrier is not facilitated.
Preferably, the cleaning solution in step S4 is K with a mass fraction of 12-25%2SO4An aqueous solution. The invention uses K2SO4As a cleaning solution, on one hand, the solubility of NaCl can be increased, and the NaCl is ensured to be completely removed from the alloy; on the other hand K2SO4The corrosion of sulfate ions to the aluminum alloy matrix is far less than that of chloride ions in NaCl, so that the corrosion to the aluminum alloy matrix can be reduced.
Further preferably, the temperature of the cleaning solution is 45 to 60 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the filler and the aluminum alloy are matched for use to form a good sound barrier, so that a good sound insulation effect is achieved. The inorganic filler has small density and strong high temperature resistance and heat resistance, and is beneficial to further reducing the weight of the silencer and increasing the high temperature resistance and heat resistance of the silencer. Proper amount of Ce2O3The filtering performance of the silencer can be increased, and the noise reduction effect of the silencer can be improved
2. In the process of manufacturing the silencer, the filler is pressed into the precast block and then sintered, and then preheated in the die, so that stable and uniform through holes are formed in the filler, and the pressure of the alloy during hydraulic pressing is effectively reduced; meanwhile, the residual stress of the filler and the acting force between the filler and the alloy liquid are reduced, so that the semi-finished product of the silencer can be cleaned subsequently, harmful ions in the filler are completely removed, and the silencer obtained by matching with specific process conditions has a series of excellent performances such as high porosity, high specific strength, good energy absorption, high temperature resistance, noise reduction and the like.
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples of the present invention and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention for further description, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the following examples of the present invention are all conventional ones, and the methods of use are all conventional ones, example 1
A hydraulic cylinder silencer comprises the following manufacturing raw materials of 72% of aluminum alloy, 27.8% of filler and 0.2% of Ce2O3(ii) a The aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 4.5%, Ca: 0.6%, Mg: 0.5%, Ce: 0.15%, the balance being aluminum and inevitable impurities; the filler has the grain diameter of 1-5mm and consists of 68 percent of A1 in percentage by mass2O3And 32% NaCl.
The preparation process of the hydraulic cylinder silencer comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing the manufacturing raw materials of the silencer according to the proportion, smelting the aluminum alloy into alloy liquid at 750 ℃, and adding Ce in the smelting process2O3；
S2: pressing the filler into a precast block, sintering at 450 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and placing in a mold to preheat to 300 ℃;
s3: pressing the alloy liquid in the step S1 into the filler precast block under the pressure of 0.07MPa to prepare a semi-finished product of the silencer;
s4: cleaning and drying the semi-finished product of the silencer to obtain a finished product of the silencer, wherein the cleaning solution is K with the temperature of 45 ℃ and the mass fraction of 12%2SO4An aqueous solution.
Example 2
A hydraulic cylinder silencer comprises 76.5% of aluminum alloy, 23.4% of filler and 0.1% of Ce2O3Preparing; the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 5%, Ca: 1%, Mg: 0.8%, Ce: 0.2%, the balance being aluminum and inevitable impurities; the filler has the grain diameter of 1-5mm and consists of 70 percent of A1 by mass percent2O3And 30% NaCl.
The preparation process of the hydraulic cylinder silencer comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing the manufacturing raw materials of the silencer according to the proportion, smelting the aluminum alloy into alloy liquid at 780 ℃, and adding Ce in the smelting process2O3；
S2: pressing the filler into a precast block, sintering at 460 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and placing in a mold to preheat to 320 ℃;
s3: pressing the alloy liquid in the step S1 into the filler precast block under the pressure of 0.1MPa to prepare a semi-finished product of the silencer;
s4: cleaning and drying the semi-finished product of the silencer to obtain a finished product of the silencer, wherein the cleaning solution is K with the temperature of 47 ℃ and the mass fraction of 15%2SO4An aqueous solution.
Example 3
A hydraulic cylinder silencer comprises 80% of aluminum alloy, 19.9% of filler and 0.1% of Ce2O3Preparing; the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 5.5%, Ca: 1.5%, Mg: 1% and Ce: 0.3%, the balance being aluminum and inevitable impurities; the filler has the grain diameter of 1-5mm and consists of 72 percent of A1 by mass percent2O3And 28% NaCl.
The preparation process of the hydraulic cylinder silencer comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing the manufacturing raw materials of the silencer according to the proportion, smelting the aluminum alloy into alloy liquid at 800 ℃, and adding Ce in the smelting process2O3；
S2: pressing the filler into a precast block, sintering at 500 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and placing in a mold to preheat to 350 ℃;
s3: pressing the alloy liquid in the step S1 into the filler precast block under the pressure of 0.25MPa to prepare a semi-finished product of the silencer;
s4: cleaning and drying the semi-finished product of the silencer to obtain a finished product of the silencer, wherein the cleaning solution is K with the temperature of 50 ℃ and the mass fraction of 18%2SO4An aqueous solution.
Example 4
A hydraulic cylinder silencer comprises 84% of aluminum alloy, 15.92% of filler and 0.08% of Ce2O3Preparing; the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7%, Ca: 2%, Mg: 1.5%, Ce: 0.45 percent of aluminum and inevitable impurities, and 75 percent of A1 with the grain diameter of 1-5mm2O3And 25% NaCl.
The preparation process of the hydraulic cylinder silencer comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing the manufacturing raw materials of the silencer according to the proportion, smelting the aluminum alloy into alloy liquid at 830 ℃, and adding Ce in the smelting process2O3；
S2: pressing the filler into a precast block, sintering at 520 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and placing in a mold to preheat to 350 ℃;
s3: pressing the alloy liquid in the step S1 into the filler precast block under the pressure of 0.4MPa to prepare a semi-finished product of the silencer;
s4: cleaning and drying the semi-finished product of the silencer to obtain a finished product of the silencer, wherein the cleaning solution is K with the temperature of 55 ℃ and the mass fraction of 20%2SO4An aqueous solution.
Example 5
A hydraulic cylinder silencer comprises 83% of aluminum alloy, 16.95% of filler and 0.05% of Ce2O3Preparing; the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 8%, Ca: 3%, Mg: 1.8%, Ce: 0.6 percent of aluminum and inevitable impurities as the rest; the filler has the grain diameter of 1-5mm and is prepared from 80 percent of A1 by mass percent2O3And 20% NaCl.
The preparation process of the hydraulic cylinder silencer comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing the manufacturing raw materials of the silencer according to the proportion, smelting the aluminum alloy into alloy liquid at 850 ℃, and adding Ce in the smelting process2O3；
S2: pressing the filler into a precast block, sintering at 550 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and placing in a mold to preheat to 400 ℃;
s3: pressing the alloy liquid in the step S1 into the filler precast block under the pressure of 0.5MPa to prepare a semi-finished product of the silencer;
s4: cleaning and drying the semi-finished product of the silencer to obtain a finished product of the silencer, wherein the cleaning solution is K with the temperature of 60 ℃ and the mass fraction of 25%2SO4An aqueous solution.
Example 6
The only difference from example 3 is that the inorganic filler consists of 65% by mass of A12O3And 35% NaCl.
Example 7
The only difference from example 3 is that the inorganic filler consists of 82% by mass of A12O3And 18% NaCl.
Example 8
The only difference from example 3 is that the inorganic filler is A1 only2O3。
Example 9
The only difference from example 3 is that the inorganic filler is NaCl alone.
Example 10
The only difference from example 3 is that the aluminum alloy is a common commercially available aluminum alloy.
Example 11
This comparative example differs from example 3 only in that the muffler raw material does not contain Ce2O3The content of the aluminum alloy is 85%, and the content of the inorganic filler is 15%.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 3 only in that the filler is conventional in the prior art.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example differs from example 3 only in that the sintering temperature after pressing the filler into a preform was 570 ℃.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example differs from example 3 only in that the pressure at which the alloy liquid was pressed into the filler preform was 0.8 MPa.
The hydraulic cylinder mufflers manufactured in examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to performance tests, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: performance parameters of the Hydraulic Cylinder mufflers obtained in examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 3
It can be analyzed from the results of the examples and comparative examples of the present invention that a proper amount of Ce was added to the raw materials2O3Is favorable for improving the mechanical property of the alloy, improving the aperture distribution of the alloy material, improving the noise reduction effect of the silencer and selecting A1 with proper proportion2O3And NaCl is used as a filler together, so that a complete honeycomb-shaped sound barrier is formed in the aluminum alloy, and the noise reduction and sound insulation effects are further improved. In the preparation process, the filler is pressed into a precast block and then sintered, and then preheated in a mold, so that stable and uniform through holes are formed in the filler, and the pressure of the alloy during hydraulic pressing is effectively reduced; meanwhile, the residual stress of the filler and the acting force between the filler and the alloy liquid are reduced, so that the semi-finished product of the silencer can be cleaned later, harmful ions in the filler are completely removed, and the silencer obtained by matching reasonable raw material components with a specific preparation process has a series of excellent performances such as high porosity, high specific strength, good energy absorption, high temperature resistance, noise reduction and the like.
In view of the numerous embodiments of the present invention, the experimental data of each embodiment is huge and is not suitable for being listed and explained herein one by one, but the contents to be verified and the final conclusions obtained by each embodiment are close.
While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The hydraulic cylinder silencer is characterized in that raw materials for manufacturing the silencer comprise 72-85% of aluminum alloy and 15-30% of filler, and further comprise 0.05-0.2% of Ce2O3(ii) a The aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 4.5-8%, Ca: 0.6-3%, Mg: 0.5-1.8%, Ce: 0.15-0.6% of aluminum and inevitable impurities as the rest; the filler consists of 68-80% of A1 in percentage by mass2O3And 20-32% NaCl.
2. The hydraulic cylinder muffler according to claim 1, wherein the filler has a particle size of 1 to 5 mm.
3. A process for manufacturing a hydraulic cylinder muffler according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the steps of:
s1: weighing the manufacturing raw materials of the silencer according to the proportion, smelting aluminum alloy into alloy liquid, and adding Ce in the smelting process2O3；
S2: pressing the filler into a precast block, sintering at the temperature of 450-550 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and then placing in a mold to preheat to the temperature of 300-400 ℃;
s3: pressing the alloy liquid in the step S1 into a filler precast block to prepare a semi-finished product of the silencer;
s4: and cleaning and drying the semi-finished product of the silencer to obtain a finished product of the silencer.
4. The process for preparing the hydraulic cylinder muffler as defined in claim 3, wherein the melting temperature in the step S1 is 750-850 ℃.
5. The manufacturing process of the hydraulic cylinder muffler according to claim 3, wherein the pressing pressure in the step S3 is 0.07-0.5 MPa.
6. The process for producing the hydraulic cylinder muffler according to claim 3, wherein the cleaning solution in the step S4 is K with a mass fraction of 12 to 25%2SO4An aqueous solution.
7. The process for manufacturing a hydraulic cylinder muffler according to claim 6, wherein the temperature of the cleaning solution is 45 to 60 ℃.
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| US5711362A (en) * | 1995-11-29 | 1998-01-27 | Electric Power Research Institute | Method of producing metal matrix composites containing fly ash |
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| CN1060979C (en) * | 1998-09-02 | 2001-01-24 | 华中理工大学 | Pressureless penetration casting method for aluminium-base composite material |
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| CN103320639B (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-08-19 | 广西大学 | The preparation method of foamed aluminium |
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