CN105422307A - Light and wear-resistant automobile engine piston and preparing method thereof - Google Patents
Light and wear-resistant automobile engine piston and preparing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105422307A CN105422307A CN201510853527.3A CN201510853527A CN105422307A CN 105422307 A CN105422307 A CN 105422307A CN 201510853527 A CN201510853527 A CN 201510853527A CN 105422307 A CN105422307 A CN 105422307A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a light and wear-resistant automobile engine piston and a preparing method thereof and belongs to the technical field of piston machining. A head and a skirt part connected to the lower end of the head are reserved on the automobile engine piston. The head is provided with an oil ring groove and a gas ring groove in sequence from bottom to top. A radial small hole is formed in the bottom face of the oil ring groove. Two opposite pin holes are formed in the two sides of the skirt part. The engine piston is made of an aluminum alloy ceramic porous material which includes aluminum alloy powder, ceramic powder, a pore-forming agent and a binding agent with the mass ratio of 100:(55.1-165.2):(0.4-0.9):(9-12). The piston prepared through the method is good in mechanical property, good in thermal shock resisting property, low in noise, small in specific gravity and convenient o use and transport.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Piston Machining technical field, relate to a kind of lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Piston is called as the heart of motor.It is one of most important part in motor.Its function bears gas pressure, and pass to connecting rod by wrist pin and order about crankshaft rotating.When engine operation, piston directly contacts with the high-temperature gas of transient temperature 2200 degrees Celsius, and its head temperature reaches 300 DEG C ~ 400 DEG C, and temperature distributing disproportionation is even; When working stroke, piston head subjects very large gas pressure, and petrol engine reaches 4MPa ~ 5MPa, and diesel engine is up to 8MP ~ 9MPa, even higher; In addition, piston to-and-fro motion linear velocity in cylinder can reach 11m/s ~ 16m/s; Work under this severe condition.Piston subjects high temperature, the heat load of high pressure and mechanical load.Therefore piston is as a very important component of transferring energy in motor car engine, has special requirement to its material: density is little, quality is light, thermal conductivity is good, thermal expansion coefficient is little; And there is enough hot strengths, wear-resisting and corrosion resisting property, good stability of the dimension.
In order to make piston have enough strength and stiffness, quality is little, and thermal conductivity is good and have less friction factor, and piston material generally adopts silico-aluminum.Diesel engine piston is multiplex Cu-Ni-Mg aluminum alloy then.
Along with high-powered car motor is fast-developing, what the application of especially heavy duty diesel engine turbosupercharging, middle refrigeration technique and large-diameter high compression ratio, low emission required improves constantly.Conventional aluminum alloy piston material cannot meet its usage requirement, when meet the miniaturization of internal-combustion engine light weight, reliability and durability, motor is towards the future development of high speed, high-power, large compression ratio, in its firing chamber, temperature and pressure becomes higher, and the aluminum alloy in the past used has reached or close to operating limit.
The piston that traditional ZL108, ZL109 acieral is produced, due to expansion coefficient reason, piston and cylinder body need larger cylinder prepareding gap, and (diesel engine starts cylinder prepareding gap to be 0.12 ~ 0.20mm, air compressor cylinder prepareding gap is 0.08 ~ 0.16mm, refrigeration compressor cylinder prepareding gap 0.06 ~ 0.09mm, motorcycle engine cylinder prepareding gap is 0.03 ~ 0.07mm)
This larger cylinder prepareding gap, causes motor in running, and vibration is large, noise is large, discharge is large, power is difficult to improve, and is difficult to the requirement meeting new mark motor.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the problems referred to above existed for prior art, propose the lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine of a kind of mechanical property, sound-absorbing, damping.
Object of the present invention realizes by following technical proposal: a kind of lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine, comprise head and the skirt section being connected to head lower end, described head is provided with oil ring groove and compression from bottom to top successively, bottom surface has radial hole to oil ring groove, the both sides in described skirt section are provided with two relative pin-and-holes, described engine piston is made up of aluminum alloy ceramic porous material, it is 100:(55.1-165.2 that described aluminum alloy ceramic porous material comprises mass ratio): (0.4-0.9): the Al alloy powder of (9-12), ceramic powder, pore-foaming agent and Bond.
Above-mentioned oil ring groove is provided with together in the bottom of piston crown, compression is provided with Liang Dao tri-road on the top of head according to engine type, oil ring groove bottom surface has many radial holes, makes the machine oil by oil ring scrapes from cylinder wall flow back to oil sump through these apertures.Oil ring groove and compression, in order to ring installation, seal.Head is sealing cylinder together with piston ring, prevents inflammable mixture from draining in crankcase, and transfers heat to cylinder wall.
Piston piston head when working stroke subjects very large gas pressure and high temperature, and the larger pressure of motor sidewall is born in skirt section, and therefore piston will have enough mechanical strengths, rigidity and high-temperature behavior.The inner Dispersed precipitate of the aluminum alloy ceramic porous material that the present invention adopts a large amount of self-existent closed pore hole, the advantage of comprehensive porous ceramics and porous metals, there is high hardness, high strength that general porous material can not compare, resistance to wear, antiacid alkali, the performance such as high temperature resistant, shock-resistant, have that proportion is little simultaneously, absorbing and the feature such as sound absorption qualities is good, and its surface finish knot degree can be made to reach necessary requirement by Grain size controlling.Therefore the piston of automobile engine using aluminum alloy ceramic porous material to make has very high strength and stiffness, and total quality is little, vibrations significantly during minimizing engine operation and noise, and have very strong corrosion resistance, there is excellent mechanical property and usability.
As preferably, the porosity ratio of described aluminum alloy ceramic porous material is 55.4-78.6%, and aperture is 13.1-25.0 μm.
The porosity ratio of material and pore size determine the final mechanical property of product and mechanical property, in the scope in above-mentioned porosity ratio and aperture, porous alloy steel pottery has best performance and the minimum density such as hardness, intensity, shock resistance, and its combination property reaches optimum.
As preferably, in described aluminum alloy ceramic porous material, the particle diameter of Al alloy powder is 3-15 μm, and the particle diameter of ceramic powder is 30-100nm.
The size of the hole of porous material and pore characteristic depend primarily on preparation process and material powder particle diameter, and in order to obtain, overall performance is excellent, the porous material of good heat conductivity, and the particle diameter of material powder is less, and activity is higher, more easily sinters.The pore-foaming agent be distributed in closely knit aluminum alloy ceramic matrix produces and decomposes, and the gas of release causes compacts to expand, the structure of height of formation porous.
As preferably, described Al alloy powder is made up of the component of following mass percentage content: 19.3-22.7%Si, 0.9-1.2%Cu, 1.1-2.1%Mg, 0.6-1.5%Ni, 0.20-0.35%Mn, 0.20-0.33%Ti, 0.05-0.09%C, 0.3-0.5%Bi, 0.05-0.25%Fe, 0.7-1.1%Re, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity.
Mg energy in aluminum alloy of the present invention and Cu, Al form S (Al
2cuMg) hardening constituent, and Si can form Mg
2si hardening constituent, Cu and Al forms θ (Al
2cu) phase, thus the intensity strengthening aluminum alloy, improve intensity and district takes the limit, obviously can increase tensile strength and the yield strength of aluminum alloy.Mn plays supplementary invigoration effect to Mg in addition, reduces hot cracking tendency simultaneously.Ni and Fe forms heat-resisting phase Al
9feNi, increases the hot strength of aluminum alloy.Ti can form TiAl with Al
3phase, forms TiC phase with C, TiAl
3phase and TiC phase become heterogeneous necleus during crystallization when aluminum alloy crystallization, the grain structure of refining alloy, reduces effective solidification point, alleviate crackle and shrinkage porosite tendency, put forward heavy alloyed thermal effectiveness and mechanical property.The Bi element that this aluminum alloy contains is low melting metal, is conducive to generating more polycrystalline core and refinement nucleus; Bi has self lubricity in addition, can improve the wear resistance of aluminum alloy.
In aluminum alloy, solid solution state impurity is comparatively large on the impact of its thermal conductivity, solid solution state impurity main in superfluous Si, Fe, Mg aluminum alloy.Si superfluous less time just with Fe Dispersed precipitate in aluminum substrate, Si, Fe solid solubility in aluminum substrate can be reduced; When Si is superfluous more, superfluous Si is not only solid-solution in aluminum substrate, and very easily forms β (Al time suitable with the ratio of iron
9fe
2si
2) thick phase, very large to the performance hazards of aluminum alloy, and reduce its capacity of heat transmission; Mg can weaken Mg time superfluous
2the strengthening mechanism of Si, also can increase from the solid solubility in aluminum substrate simultaneously, cause the remarkable decline of Heat Transfer for Aluminum.In aluminum alloy of the present invention, each composition proportion is reasonable, and Fe content is less, and the content of Si is suitable, is difficult to form β (Al in crystallization process
9fe
2si
2) thick phase, be conducive to the capacity of heat transmission keeping aluminum alloy good.Appropriate Re can generate transitional compound R eFe with impurity such as Fe, Si
2, ReSi etc., reduce the solid solution distribution of superfluous element in aluminum substrate to a great extent, the heat-conducting property of aluminum alloy can be improved.But generate Al as Re adds excessive meeting with aluminum substrate
4re compound, becomes the new obstacle of aluminum alloy heat conduction, reduces the thermal conductivity of aluminum alloy, so controlled in above-mentioned scope by the content of Re.
As preferably, described ceramic powder comprises β-SiC that mass percent is 50-60% and mass percent is the HBN of 40-50%.
β-SiC and HBN all has heat-resisting, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, the feature such as good heat conductivity and low-expansion coefficient, and the thermal stress be subject in heating and cooling process is very little; And all there is lower proportion, β-SiC and HBN forms β-SiC-HBN compound phase in aluminum alloy ceramic porous material, β-SiC-HBN compound phase with fine grained be uniformly distributed in mutually aluminum alloy mutually in, aluminum alloy with continuous print filminess exist, ceramic particle is surrounded.Because β-SiC and the thermal expansion coefficient of HBN exist certain difference, cause HBN crystal grain generation intracrystalline delamination effect, many micropores are produced in β-SiC-HBN compound phase, the existence of these micropores effectively can alleviate the thermal expansion because high temperature causes, and thus significantly improves the thermal shock resistance of material monolithic.In addition, because β-surface of SiC has one deck thin oxide film, be therefore difficult to sintering, and the carbon, aluminium etc. in aluminum alloy can promote to make the aluminum alloy ceramic porous material in the present invention be able to sinter molding by the sintering of β-SiC.
As preferably, described pore-foaming agent is the mixture of pore-foaming agent I, pore-foaming agent II and pore-foaming agent III, wherein, in the mixture of pore-foaming agent I, pore-foaming agent II and pore-foaming agent III, the content of described pore-foaming agent I accounts for the 10-15% of mixture gross mass, the content of pore-foaming agent II accounts for the 35-55% of mixture gross mass, and surplus is pore-foaming agent III.Described pore-foaming agent I is TiH
2, ZrH
2, NiH
2in one or more, pore-foaming agent II is SrCO
3, CaCO
3, MgCO
3, CaMg (CO
3)
2in one or more, pore-foaming agent III is Celogen Az.
The present invention by the pore-foaming agent of different in kind with the use of, wherein, pore-foaming agent I, pore-foaming agent II are heat-absorbing type pore-foaming agent, pore-foaming agent III is exothermicity pore-foaming agent, mixing can offset its impact on porous material pore process, and make pore homoepitaxial, pore-foaming agent I, pore-foaming agent II are different with the reaction temperature of pore-foaming agent III, can, at the different time continuous uniform release gas of sintering, make generation hole even and fine and close.
As preferably, the Al that the external sheath of described pore-foaming agent has one deck network-like
2o
3coating.
Gas is released because pore-foaming agent just starts reaction when 300-400 DEG C, at the higher temperature that sintering is used little meeting vigorous reaction, the a large amount of gas of release in short time, formed hole is caused to be difficult to reach satisfied effect, affect the performance of final products, therefore the present invention Al of having one deck network-like at the external sheath of pore-foaming agent
2o
3coating, Al
2o
3high temperature resistant property better, pore-foaming agent slow releasing gas can be made, obtain homogeneous fine and closely woven hole.
As preferably, the top of the head of described engine piston is also coated with one deck ceramic thermal barrier layer, described ceramic thermal barrier layer to be thickness the be hollow ZrO of 0.8-10 μm
2layer.
When engine operation, piston will bear very high temperature, and temperature distributing disproportionation is even, and the operating temperature of piston can not be too high, and overall temperature difference should be as far as possible little, to ensure the stability of overall work.The present invention arranges one deck ceramic thermal barrier layer at head top, can greatly reduce the heat that head bears, and reduces heat to the transmission in skirt section, reduces the temperature of whole piston, reduce the thermal fatigue degree of piston.Common ZrO
2the larger thermal stress that the heat insulating coat that powder is formed produces when there is the larger residual stress and work that can cause in preparation process, under effect of stress, the reliability of coating and working life will reduce.Hollow ZrO
2ceramic thermal barrier layer has low thermal conductivity, excellent high temperature resistant property and thermal shock resistance, arranges hollow ZrO at piston head
2ceramic thermal barrier layer can reduce the heat that piston bears well, effectively reduces the temperature in pistons work process, extends the working life of piston.
As preferably, described hollow ZrO
2the hollow ZrO that ceramic thermal barrier layer uses
2standby by plasma spheroidization legal system, made hollow ZrO
2powder granule smooth surface, good fluidity, uses this hollow ZrO
2the heat insulating coat porosity ratio that powder is made is moderate, good heat-insulation effect.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine, the step of described preparation method is as follows:
S1, Al alloy powder, ceramic powder, pore-foaming agent, Bond to be mixed in proportion, after mixing, make engine piston green compact at 300-450Mpa pressure;
S2, at hollow ZrO
2resinoid bond mixing is added, by the hollow ZrO after mixing in powder
2powder is coated in the top of engine piston green compact head;
S3, by the first pre-burning 25-35min at 300-450Mpa pressure, 450-500 DEG C of the green compact in step S2; Then under 450-500Mpa pressure, be warming up to 630 DEG C, 650 DEG C, 670 DEG C, 690 DEG C with the speed of 5 DEG C/min, be incubated 0.5h, 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.8h respectively, be cooled to room temperature subsequently and obtain head top and have the hollow ZrO of one deck
2the engine piston of ceramic thermal barrier layer;
S4, to the hollow ZrO in step S3
2ceramic thermal barrier layer carries out laser scanning, obtains lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine finished product.
The present invention selects the method for hot pressing to sinter.Hot pressed sintering contributes to contact and the mass transport process such as diffusion, flowing of powder particle, reduce sintering temperature and shorten sintering time, because powder is in hot plastic state during hot pressing, deformation resistance is little, be easy to Plastic Flow, contribute to improving material compactness, refinement ceramic crystalline grain, improve resistance to flexure and the fracture toughness of material.The present invention is by hollow ZrO
2ceramic thermal barrier layer and green compact sinter simultaneously, and after sintering to hollow ZrO
2ceramic thermal barrier layer carries out laser scanning, hollow ZrO
2ceramic thermal barrier layer is combined closely with green compact interface, in use coating difficult drop-off.First pre-burning is carried out to green compact, can sintering time be reduced, reduce sintering energy consumption.In order to ensure the quality of sintered products, sintering pressure, sintering temperature and sintering time are controlled in above-mentioned scope.Pressure is too small, and the product porosity ratio obtained is large, but intensity and rigidity do not reach requirement; Pressure is excessive, and the gas that pore-foaming agent produces easily overflows, and the product porosity ratio obtained is little, and density is large, does not reach the requirement of lightweight.Temperature is too low and holding time is too short can not be fully sintered, and temperature is too high and holding time is long can produce fusing, Seepage, thus destroys the performance of material.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: piston of automobile engine of the present invention has higher intensity, rigidity, and quality is little, to ensure minimum inertial force.Thermal conductivity is good, high temperature resistant, high pressure resistant, corrosion-resistant, and have sufficient heat dissipation potential, hot area is little.Should have less friction factor between piston and piston sleeve casing wall, thermal expansion coefficient is little, and during temperature variation, size, change in shape are little, and can keep less gap between cylinder wall.The absorbing of piston and sound absorption qualities good, vibrations when significantly can reduce engine operation and noise.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of inventive piston.
Embodiment
Be below specific embodiments of the invention and by reference to the accompanying drawings, technological scheme of the present invention is further described, but the present invention be not limited to these embodiments.
A kind of lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine, comprise head 1 and the skirt section 2 being connected to head lower end, head 2 is provided with oil ring groove 4 and compression 3 from bottom to top successively, bottom surface has radial hole 5 to oil ring groove 4, the both sides in skirt section 2 are provided with two relative pin-and-holes 6, described engine piston is made up of aluminum alloy ceramic porous material, and described aluminum alloy ceramic porous material is 100:(55.1-165.2 by mass ratio): (0.4-0.9): the Al alloy powder of (9-12), ceramic powder, pore-foaming agent and Bond are made.
The porosity ratio of described aluminum alloy ceramic porous material is 55.4-78.6%, and aperture is 13.1-25.0 μm.
In described aluminum alloy ceramic porous material, the particle diameter of Al alloy powder is 3-15 μm, and the particle diameter of ceramic powder is 30-100nm.
Described Al alloy powder is made up of the component of following mass percentage content: 19.3-22.7%Si, 0.9-1.2%Cu, 1.1-2.1%Mg, 0.6-1.5%Ni, 0.20-0.35%Mn, 0.20-0.33%Ti, 0.05-0.09%C, 0.3-0.5%Bi, 0.05-0.25%Fe, 0.7-1.1%Re, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity.
Described ceramic powder comprises β-SiC that mass percent is 50-60% and mass percent is the HBN of 40-50%.
Described pore-foaming agent is the mixture of pore-foaming agent I, pore-foaming agent II and pore-foaming agent III, wherein, in the mixture of pore-foaming agent I, pore-foaming agent II and pore-foaming agent III, the content of described pore-foaming agent I accounts for the 10-15% of mixture gross mass, the content of pore-foaming agent II accounts for the 35-55% of mixture gross mass, and surplus is pore-foaming agent III.Pore-foaming agent I is TiH
2, ZrH
2, NiH
2in one or more, pore-foaming agent II is SrCO
3, CaCO
3, MgCO
3, CaMg (CO
3)
2in one or more, pore-foaming agent III is Celogen Az.
The Al that the external sheath of described pore-foaming agent has one deck network-like
2o
3coating.
The top of the head of described engine piston is also coated with one deck ceramic thermal barrier layer, described ceramic thermal barrier layer to be thickness the be hollow ZrO of 0.8-10 μm
2layer.
The step of described preparation method is as follows:
S1, Al alloy powder, ceramic powder, pore-foaming agent, Bond to be mixed in proportion, after mixing, make engine piston green compact at 300-450Mpa pressure;
S2, at hollow ZrO
2resinoid bond mixing is added, by the hollow ZrO after mixing in powder
2powder is coated in the top of engine piston green compact head;
S3, by the first pre-burning 25-35min at 300-450Mpa pressure, 450-500 DEG C of the green compact in step S2; Then under 450-500Mpa pressure, be warming up to 630 DEG C, 650 DEG C, 670 DEG C, 690 DEG C with the speed of 5 DEG C/min, be incubated 0.5h, 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.8h respectively, be cooled to room temperature subsequently and obtain head top and have the hollow ZrO of one deck
2the engine piston of ceramic thermal barrier layer;
S4, to the hollow ZrO in step S3
2ceramic thermal barrier layer carries out laser scanning, obtains lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine finished product.
Below by specific embodiment, the piston in the present invention is further explained.
Embodiment 1
The head of the engine piston in the present embodiment and skirt section are made by aluminum alloy ceramic porous material, and aluminum alloy ceramic porous material is made up of Al alloy powder, ceramic powder, pore-foaming agent and Bond.The porosity ratio of aluminum alloy ceramic porous material is 55.4%, and aperture is 13.1 μm.
Obtained engine piston of the present invention by the following method:
By the 100:55.1:0.4:9 mixing in mass ratio of Al alloy powder, ceramic powder, pore-foaming agent and Bond, make engine piston green compact at 300Mpa pressure; Wherein, Al alloy powder is made up of the component of following mass percentage content: 19.3%Si, 0.9%Cu, 1.1%Mg, 0.6%Ni, 0.20%Mn, 0.20%Ti, 0.05%C, 0.3%Bi, 0.05%Fe, 0.7%Re, and surplus is Al and inevitable impurity; Ceramic powder comprises the β-SiC of 50%w/w and the HBN of 50%w/w; Pore-foaming agent is the TiH accounting for mixture gross mass 12%
2, the SrCO3 of 40%, the Celogen Az of 48% mixture, pore-foaming agent external sheath has the network-like Al of one deck
2o
3coating;
At hollow ZrO
2resinoid bond mixing is added, by the hollow ZrO after mixing in powder
2powder is coated in the top of engine piston green compact head;
By engine piston green compact first at 300Mpa pressure, pre-burning 25min at 450 DEG C; Then under 4500Mpa pressure, be warming up to 630 DEG C, 650 DEG C, 670 DEG C, 690 DEG C with the speed of 5 DEG C/min, be incubated 0.5h, 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.8h respectively, be cooled to room temperature subsequently and obtain head top and have a layer thickness to be 0.8 μm of hollow ZrO
2the engine piston of ceramic thermal barrier layer;
To hollow ZrO
2ceramic thermal barrier layer carries out laser scanning, obtains lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine finished product.
Embodiment 2
The head of the engine piston in the present embodiment and skirt section are made by aluminum alloy ceramic porous material, and aluminum alloy ceramic porous material is made up of Al alloy powder, ceramic powder, pore-foaming agent and Bond.Wherein, the porosity ratio of aluminum alloy ceramic porous material is 62.4%, and aperture is 17.3 μm.
Obtained engine piston of the present invention by the following method:
By the 100:75.2:0.6:10 mixing in mass ratio of Al alloy powder, ceramic powder, pore-foaming agent and Bond, make engine piston green compact at 380Mpa pressure; Wherein, Al alloy powder is made up of the component of following mass percentage content: 20.3%Si, 1.0%Cu, 1.6%Mg, 0.9%Ni, 0.28%Mn, 0.27%Ti, 0.06%C, 0.3%Bi, 0.09%Fe, 0.9%Re, and surplus is Al and inevitable impurity; β-the SiC of ceramic powder bag 54%w/w and the HBN of 46%w/w; Pore-foaming agent is the ZrH accounting for mixture gross mass 13%
2, 42% CaCO
3, 55% the mixture of Celogen Az, pore-foaming agent external sheath has the network-like Al of one deck
2o
3coating;
At hollow ZrO
2resinoid bond mixing is added, by the hollow ZrO after mixing in powder
2powder is coated in the top of engine piston green compact head;
By engine piston green compact first at 380Mpa pressure, pre-burning 28min at 470 DEG C; Then under 480Mpa pressure, be warming up to 630 DEG C, 650 DEG C, 670 DEG C, 690 DEG C with the speed of 5 DEG C/min, be incubated 0.5h, 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.8h respectively, be cooled to room temperature subsequently and obtain head top and have a layer thickness to be 3.2 μm of hollow ZrO
2the engine piston of ceramic thermal barrier layer;
To hollow ZrO
2ceramic thermal barrier layer carries out laser scanning, obtains lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine finished product.
Embodiment 3
The head of the engine piston in the present embodiment and skirt section are made by aluminum alloy ceramic porous material, and aluminum alloy ceramic porous material is made up of Al alloy powder, ceramic powder, pore-foaming agent and Bond.。Wherein, the porosity ratio of aluminum alloy ceramic porous material is 65.7%, and aperture is 22.6 μm.
Obtained engine piston of the present invention by the following method:
By the 100:126.8:0.8:11 mixing in mass ratio of Al alloy powder, ceramic powder, pore-foaming agent and Bond, make engine piston green compact at 410Mpa pressure; Wherein, Al alloy powder is made up of the component of following mass percentage content: 20.8%Si, 1.1%Cu, 1.9%Mg, 1.2%Ni, 0.24%Mn, 0.29%Ti, 0.07%C, 0.4%Bi, 0.18%Fe, 0.9%Re, and surplus is Al and inevitable impurity; Ceramic powder comprises the β-SiC of 58%w/w and the HBN of 42%w/w; Pore-foaming agent is the NiH accounting for mixture gross mass 11%
2, 38% MgCO
3, 51% the mixture of Celogen Az, pore-foaming agent external sheath has the network-like Al of one deck
2o
3coating;
At hollow ZrO
2resinoid bond mixing is added, by the hollow ZrO after mixing in powder
2powder is coated in the top of engine piston green compact head;
By engine piston green compact first at 420Mpa pressure, pre-burning 30min at 490 DEG C; Then under 480Mpa pressure, be warming up to 630 DEG C, 650 DEG C, 670 DEG C, 690 DEG C with the speed of 5 DEG C/min, be incubated 0.5h, 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.8h respectively, be cooled to room temperature subsequently and obtain head top and have a layer thickness to be 7.7 μm of hollow ZrO
2the engine piston of ceramic thermal barrier layer;
To hollow ZrO
2ceramic thermal barrier layer carries out laser scanning, obtains lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine finished product.
Embodiment 4
The head of the engine piston in the present embodiment and skirt section are made by aluminum alloy ceramic porous material, and aluminum alloy ceramic porous material is made up of Al alloy powder, ceramic powder, pore-foaming agent and Bond.Wherein, the porosity ratio of aluminum alloy ceramic porous material is 78.6%, and aperture is 25.0 μm.
Obtained engine piston of the present invention by the following method:
By the 100:165.2:0.9:12 mixing in mass ratio of Al alloy powder, ceramic powder, pore-foaming agent and Bond, make engine piston green compact at 450Mpa pressure; Wherein, Al alloy powder is made up of the component of following mass percentage content: 22.7%Si, 1.2%Cu, 2.1%Mg, 1.5%Ni, 0.35%Mn, 0.33%Ti, 0.09%C, 0.5%Bi, 0.25%Fe, 1.1%Re, and surplus is Al and inevitable impurity; Ceramic powder comprises the β-SiC of 60%w/w and the HBN of 40%w/w; Pore-foaming agent is the ZrH accounting for mixture gross mass 15%
2, 50% CaMg (CO
3)
2, 35% the mixture of Celogen Az, pore-foaming agent external sheath has the network-like Al of one deck
2o
3coating;
At hollow ZrO
2resinoid bond mixing is added, by the hollow ZrO after mixing in powder
2powder is coated in the top of engine piston green compact head;
By engine piston green compact first at 450Mpa pressure, pre-burning 35min at 500 DEG C; Then under 500Mpa pressure, be warming up to 630 DEG C, 650 DEG C, 670 DEG C, 690 DEG C with the speed of 5 DEG C/min, be incubated 0.5h, 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.8h respectively, be cooled to room temperature subsequently and obtain head top and have a layer thickness to be 10 μm of hollow ZrO
2the engine piston of ceramic thermal barrier layer;
To hollow ZrO
2ceramic thermal barrier layer carries out laser scanning, obtains lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine finished product.
Comparative example 1
Head 1 and the skirt section 2 of piston are made up of ZL108 aluminum alloy, and all the other are all identical with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
The heat insulating ceramic coat at head 1 top of piston is by solid ZrO
2powder is made, and all the other are all identical with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3
The heat insulating ceramic coat at head 1 top of piston is coated in head 1 top by the mode of laser scanning after piston has sintered, and all the other are all identical with embodiment 1.
The performance in piston crown 1 and skirt section 2 in the performance in the piston crown 1 in embodiment of the present invention 1-4 and skirt section 2 and comparative example 1-3 compared, comparative result is as shown in table 1.
The comparison of performance wiry in table 1: embodiment 1-4 and comparative example 1-3
In sum, the present invention is reasonable in design, and compact structure is firm, have higher intensity, rigidity, and quality is little, contributes to the quality alleviating whole braking system.Thermal conductivity is good, high temperature resistant, high pressure, corrosion, have sufficient heat dissipation potential, hot area is little.Less friction factor should be had between piston and piston wall.Thermal expansion coefficient is little, and during temperature variation, size, change in shape are little, and can keep less gap between cylinder wall.The absorbing of piston and sound absorption qualities good, vibrations when significantly can reduce engine operation and noise.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to the explanation for example of the present invention's spirit.Those skilled in the art can make various amendment or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute to described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the scope that appended claims defines.
Claims (9)
1. a lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine, it is characterized in that, comprise head and the skirt section being connected to head lower end, described head is provided with oil ring groove and compression from bottom to top successively, bottom surface has radial hole to oil ring groove, the both sides in described skirt section are provided with two relative pin-and-holes, described engine piston is made up of aluminum alloy ceramic porous material, and it is 100:(55.1-165.2 that described aluminum alloy ceramic porous material comprises mass ratio): (0.4-0.9): the Al alloy powder of (9-12), ceramic powder, pore-foaming agent and Bond.
2. lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the porosity ratio of described aluminum alloy ceramic porous material is 55.4-78.6%, and aperture is 13.1-25.0 μm.
3. lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described aluminum alloy ceramic porous material, the particle diameter of Al alloy powder is 3-15 μm, and the particle diameter of ceramic powder is 30-100nm.
4. the lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine according to claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that, described Al alloy powder is made up of the component of following mass percentage content: 19.3-22.7%Si, 0.9-1.2%Cu, 1.1-2.1%Mg, 0.6-1.5%Ni, 0.20-0.35%Mn, 0.20-0.33%Ti, 0.05-0.09%C, 0.3-0.5%Bi, 0.05-0.25%Fe, 0.7-1.1%Re, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity.
5. lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described ceramic powder comprises β-SiC that mass percent is 50-60% and mass percent is the HBN of 40-50%.
6. lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pore-foaming agent is the mixture of pore-foaming agent I, pore-foaming agent II and pore-foaming agent III, wherein, in the mixture of pore-foaming agent I, pore-foaming agent II and pore-foaming agent III, the content of described pore-foaming agent I accounts for the 10-15% of mixture gross mass, and the content of pore-foaming agent II accounts for the 35-55% of mixture gross mass, and surplus is pore-foaming agent III.
7. the lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine according to claim 1 or 6, is characterized in that, the Al that the external sheath of described pore-foaming agent has one deck network-like
2o
3coating.
8. lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the top of the head of described engine piston is also coated with one deck ceramic thermal barrier layer, described ceramic thermal barrier layer to be thickness the be hollow ZrO of 0.8-10 μm
2layer.
9. a preparation method for the lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine as described in any one of claim 1-8, is characterized in that, the step of described preparation method is as follows:
S1, Al alloy powder, ceramic powder, pore-foaming agent, Bond to be mixed in proportion, make engine piston green compact at 300-450Mpa pressure;
S2, at hollow ZrO
2bond mixing is added, by the hollow ZrO after mixing in powder
2powder is coated in the top of engine piston green compact head;
S3, by the first pre-burning 25-35min at 300-450Mpa pressure, 450-500 DEG C of the green compact in step S2; Then under 450-500Mpa pressure, be warming up to 630 DEG C, 650 DEG C, 670 DEG C, 690 DEG C with the speed of 5 DEG C/min, be incubated 0.5h, 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.8h respectively, be cooled to room temperature subsequently and obtain head top and have the hollow ZrO of one deck
2the engine piston of ceramic thermal barrier layer;
S4, to the hollow ZrO in step S3
2ceramic thermal barrier layer carries out laser scanning, obtains lightweight wear-resistant piston of automobile engine finished product.
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| CN201510853527.3A CN105422307A (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | Light and wear-resistant automobile engine piston and preparing method thereof |
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| CN201510853527.3A CN105422307A (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | Light and wear-resistant automobile engine piston and preparing method thereof |
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| CN112126825A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-12-25 | 宁波悦威液压科技有限公司 | Hydraulic cylinder silencer and manufacturing process thereof |
| CN114033591A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-11 | 苏州星波动力科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy oil rail, forming method and manufacturing method thereof, engine and automobile |
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