CN104131194A - Preparation method of porous aluminum or aluminum alloy - Google Patents

Preparation method of porous aluminum or aluminum alloy Download PDF

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CN104131194A
CN104131194A CN201410346696.3A CN201410346696A CN104131194A CN 104131194 A CN104131194 A CN 104131194A CN 201410346696 A CN201410346696 A CN 201410346696A CN 104131194 A CN104131194 A CN 104131194A
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aluminum
aluminum alloy
preparation
particle
nacl
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CN104131194B (en
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左孝青
陆建生
罗晓旭
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of porous aluminum or aluminum alloy, and belongs to the technical field of the preparation of porous metal materials. The invention employs aluminum or aluminum alloy powder and NaCl powder particles as raw materials; the powders are mixed and pressed into a blank; the blank is heated to the melting point of industrial pure aluminum or30-100 DEG C lower than an aluminum alloy solid point for vacuum hot pressing, so as to realize metallurgical bonding of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder; and after cooling of the vacuum hot pressing blank, NaCl grains in the vacuum hot pressing blank are removed through water dissolving, so as to obtain microporous aluminum or aluminum alloy. The preparation method of microporous aluminum or aluminum alloy has the characteristics of controllable porous structure, simple process and low cost, and can realize industrialization production.

Description

A kind of preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy, belong to porous metal material preparing technical field.
Background technology
The porous aluminum or aluminum alloy with through-hole structure has the characteristics such as low density, Gao Biqiang, energy absorption, sound-absorption vibration-reduction, infiltration circulation, low-heat specific conductivity, has wide application market in fields such as structured material, noise control, filtration, heat-insulation and heat-preservation heat radiation, electromagnetic shielding, back-fire reliefs.There is the micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy of microvoid structure, due to the miniaturization of pore structure, more superior in the performance performance of above Application Areas.
The main flow preparation method of current known porous aluminum or aluminum alloy mainly contains two kinds of infiltration casting and powder metallurgic methods.
Conventional Seepage Foundry method is prepared porous aluminum or aluminum alloy, is aluminum or aluminum alloy melt to be penetrated in the hole of NaCl particle presoma by pressure (malleation or negative pressure), and the cooling rear water-soluble NaCl particle that removes obtains porous aluminum or aluminum alloy.The method can be prepared the micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy of larger aperture (more than 0.2mm), but for the fine aperture micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy of (0.1mm below), because aluminum or aluminum alloy melt filling subparticle difficulty is difficult to realize.
Powder metallurgic method, is from powder approach, after aluminum or aluminum alloy powder is mixed, suppressed with NaCl particle, is heated to certain temperature and carries out sintering.Because the activity of aluminum or aluminum alloy is larger, the easily oxidation of its surface, aluminum or aluminum alloy particle is more tiny, and oxidation is more serious, and conventional atmosphere sintering or vacuum sintering are all difficult to obtain the micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy of metallurgical binding.
Summary of the invention
Be difficult to obtain the deficiency of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy for overcoming above-mentioned known porous aluminum or aluminum alloy technology of preparing, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy, the method has that microvoid structure is controlled, technique simply, feature cheaply, can realize suitability for industrialized production.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: adopting aluminum or aluminum alloy powder and NaCl particle is raw material, powder is pressed into base after mixing, pressed compact is heated to following 30~100 DEG C of aluminum or aluminum alloy fusing point to carry out vacuum hotpressing and realizes the metallurgical binding between aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, after Vacuum Heat pressed compact is cooling, except the NaCl particle in Vacuum Heat pressed compact, obtain micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy with water-soluble.Specifically comprise the steps:
(1) preparation of mixed powder base: the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder of employing granularity 10~100 μ m and granularity are that the NaCl particle of 10~100 μ m is that raw material is prepared burden, wherein, the volume percent of NaCl particle in mixed powder is 30~70%, aluminum or aluminum alloy powder and NaCl particle mixed after 1~3 hour in mixer, suppressed and obtained mixed powder base with pressing machine;
(2) vacuum hotpressing of mixed powder base: the mixed powder base that step (1) is obtained is heated to following 30~100 DEG C of aluminum or aluminum alloy fusing point and carries out vacuum hotpressing, and the vacuum hotpressing time is 0.5~2 hour, and after vacuum hotpressing, furnace cooling obtains Vacuum Heat pressed compact;
(3) aftertreatment of Vacuum Heat pressed compact: the molten NaCl particle except wherein of Vacuum Heat pressed compact water that step (3) is obtained, obtains porosity 30~70%, micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy that pore diameter range is identical with NaCl grain diameter scope.
Aluminum or aluminum alloy powder described in step (1) is any one in commercial-purity aluminium, cast aluminium alloy, processing Al alloy powder.
In step (1), in the time that goal porosity is less than 50%, the particle diameter of described NaCl particle is less than the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder; In the time that goal porosity equals 50%, the particle diameter of described NaCl particle is identical with the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder; In the time that goal porosity is greater than 50%, the particle diameter of described NaCl particle is greater than the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder.
The pressure of the compacting of mixed powder described in step (1) base is 100~500MPa.
Described in step (2), the vacuum tightness of vacuum hotpressing is 10 -2~10 -3pa, vacuum hotpressing pressure is 20~50MPa.
The water-soluble method except NaCl particle described in step (3) is molten except NaCl particle for Vacuum Heat pressed compact being placed in to room temperature flowing water, molten except the time be 0.5~2 hour.
Principle of the present invention is:
(1) grain diameter of mixed powder is selected and pore structure control principle
The selection of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder and NaCl grain diameter, relevant with the size of goal porosity.In the time that goal porosity is less than 50%, the particle diameter of NaCl particle is less than the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, to ensure the major network structure of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder in mixture, the space of the network structure of the particles filled aluminum or aluminum alloy powder of less NaCl; In the time that goal porosity equals 50%, the particle diameter of described NaCl particle is identical with the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, the interconnective network structure of the common formation of the particle diameter of NaCl particle and aluminum or aluminum alloy powder; In the time that goal porosity is greater than 50%, the particle diameter of described NaCl particle is greater than the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, and to ensure the major network structure of NaCl particle in mixture, less aluminum or aluminum alloy powder is filled the space of NaCl particle network structure.
The final micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy obtaining, its porosity is identical with the volume percent of NaCl particle, and its aperture is determined by the particle size range of NaCl particle.
(2) the vacuum hotpressing principle of pressed compact
Aluminium powder form surface has the aluminum oxide that one deck nanometer scale is thick conventionally, under vacuum hotpressing condition, the zone of oxidation on aluminium powder form surface is broken and is made to form between aluminium powder form the contact of fresh metal surface, and aluminium powder form surface can not produce new zone of oxidation, realizes thus the good metallurgical binding between aluminium powder form.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Aluminum or aluminum alloy powder mixes at normal temperatures with NaCl particle, by particle diameter and the content regulation and control of powder and particle, realizes the controllability of microvoid structure; Meanwhile, the vacuum hotpressing of mixed powder pressed compact, can realize the metallurgical binding between aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, has overcome the deficiency that conventional method of seepage and powder metallurgy process are difficult to prepare micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy goods.Provide that a kind of pore structure is controlled, technique simply, micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy preparation method cheaply.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described content.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy described in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of mixed powder base: adopting granularity is that the L03 commercial-purity aluminium powder of 30~45 μ m and granularity are that the NaCl particle of 10~25 μ m is that raw material is prepared burden, wherein the volume percent of NaCl particle in mixed powder is 30%, commercial-purity aluminium powder and NaCl particle mix after 3 hours and obtain uniform mixed powder in mixer, this mixed powder is suppressed under the pressure of 500MPa and obtained mixed powder base;
(2) vacuum hotpressing of mixed powder base: the mixed powder base that step (1) is made is heated to 600 DEG C and carries out vacuum hotpressing (vacuum tightness 10 -3pa, vacuum hotpressing pressure 20MPa, vacuum hotpressing time 2 h), after vacuum hotpressing, furnace cooling obtains Vacuum Heat pressed compact;
(3) aftertreatment of Vacuum Heat pressed compact: it is molten except NaCl particle that the Vacuum Heat pressed compact that step (2) is made is placed in room temperature flowing water, molten except the time be 0.5 hour, obtain the micropore L03 commercial-purity aluminium of porosity 30%, pore diameter range 10~25 μ m.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy described in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of mixed powder base: adopting granularity is that 6061 Al alloy powders of 25~37 μ m and granularity are that the NaCl particle of 25~37 μ m is that raw material is prepared burden, wherein, the volume percent of NaCl particle in mixed powder is 50%, Al alloy powder and NaCl particle mix after 2 hours and obtain uniform mixed powder in mixer, this mixed powder is suppressed under the pressure of 400MPa and obtained mixed powder base;
(2) vacuum hotpressing of mixed powder base: the mixed powder base that step (1) is made is heated to 560 DEG C and carries out vacuum hotpressing (vacuum tightness 0.5*10 -2pa, vacuum hotpressing pressure 40MPa, 1 hour vacuum hotpressing time), after vacuum hotpressing, furnace cooling obtains Vacuum Heat pressed compact;
(3) aftertreatment of Vacuum Heat pressed compact: it is molten except NaCl particle that the Vacuum Heat pressed compact that step (2) is made is placed in room temperature flowing water, molten except the time be 1.5 hours, obtain the 6061 micropore aluminium alloys of porosity 50%, pore diameter range 25~37 μ m.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy described in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of mixed powder base: adopting granularity is that the ZL 101 alloy powder of 37~53 μ m and granularity are that the NaCl particle of 75~100 μ m is raw material, wherein, the volume percent of NaCl particle in mixed powder is 70%, Al alloy powder and NaCl particle mix after 1 hour and obtain uniform mixed powder in mixer, this mixed powder is suppressed under the pressure of 100MPa and obtained mixed powder base;
(2) vacuum hotpressing of mixed powder base: the mixed powder base that step (1) is made is heated to 530 DEG C and carries out vacuum hotpressing (vacuum tightness 10 -2pa, vacuum hotpressing pressure 50MPa, 0.5 hour vacuum hotpressing time), after vacuum hotpressing, furnace cooling obtains Vacuum Heat pressed compact;
(3) aftertreatment of Vacuum Heat pressed compact: it is molten except NaCl particle that the Vacuum Heat pressed compact that step (2) is made is placed in room temperature flowing water, molten except the time be 2 hours, obtain the ZL101 micropore aluminium alloy of porosity 70%, pore diameter range 75~100 μ m.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy described in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of mixed powder base: adopting granularity is that the ZL201 Al alloy powder of 10~25 μ m and granularity are that the NaCl particle of 75~100 μ m is raw material, wherein, the volume percent of NaCl particle in mixed powder is 60%, Al alloy powder and NaCl particle mix after 1.5 hours and obtain uniform mixed powder in mixer, this mixed powder is suppressed under the pressure of 200MPa and obtained mixed powder base;
(2) vacuum hotpressing of mixed powder base: the mixed powder base that step (1) is made is heated to 510 DEG C and carries out vacuum hotpressing (vacuum tightness 0.3*10 -2pa, vacuum hotpressing pressure 30MPa, 1.5 hours vacuum hotpressing time), after vacuum hotpressing, furnace cooling obtains Vacuum Heat pressed compact;
(3) aftertreatment of Vacuum Heat pressed compact: it is molten except NaCl particle that the Vacuum Heat pressed compact that step (2) is made is placed in room temperature flowing water, molten except the time be 1 hour, obtain the ZL201 micropore aluminium alloy of porosity 60%, pore diameter range 75~100 μ m.
Below by reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the ken possessing those of ordinary skill in the art, can also under the prerequisite that does not depart from aim of the present invention, make various variations.

Claims (6)

1. a preparation method for micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of mixed powder base: the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder of employing granularity 10~100 μ m and granularity are that the NaCl particle of 10~100 μ m is that raw material is prepared burden, wherein, the volume percent of NaCl particle in mixed powder is 30~70%, aluminum or aluminum alloy powder and NaCl particle mixed after 1~3 hour in mixer, suppressed and obtained mixed powder base with pressing machine;
(2) vacuum hotpressing of mixed powder base: the mixed powder base that step (1) is obtained is heated to following 30~100 DEG C of aluminum or aluminum alloy fusing point and carries out vacuum hotpressing, the vacuum hotpressing time is 0.5~2 hour, and after vacuum hotpressing, furnace cooling obtains Vacuum Heat pressed compact;
(3) aftertreatment of Vacuum Heat pressed compact: the molten NaCl particle of removing wherein of Vacuum Heat pressed compact water that step (3) is obtained, obtains porosity 30~70%, micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy that pore diameter range is identical with NaCl grain diameter scope.
2. the preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: aluminum or aluminum alloy powder described in step (1) is any one in commercial-purity aluminium, cast aluminium alloy, processing Al alloy powder.
3. the preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), in the time that goal porosity is less than 50%, the particle diameter of NaCl particle is less than the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder; In the time that goal porosity equals 50%, the particle diameter of NaCl particle is identical with the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder; In the time that goal porosity is greater than 50%, the particle diameter of NaCl particle is greater than the particle diameter of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder.
4. the preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the pressure of the compacting of mixed powder described in step (1) base is 100~500MPa.
5. the preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), the vacuum tightness of vacuum hotpressing is 10 -2~10 -3pa, vacuum hotpressing pressure is 20~50MPa.
6. the preparation method of micropore aluminum or aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the water-soluble method except NaCl particle described in step (3) is molten except NaCl particle for Vacuum Heat pressed compact being placed in to room temperature flowing water, molten except the time be 0.5~2 hour.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107794393A (en) * 2016-09-05 2018-03-13 中南大学 A kind of preparation method of micron-sized low porosity porous Al alloy
CN108384975A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-08-10 昆明理工大学 A kind of preparation method of porous Al alloy
CN109890932A (en) * 2016-10-12 2019-06-14 香港科技大学 The aluminium composite material with ceramic substrate of lightweight and high tenacity
CN112126825A (en) * 2020-08-10 2020-12-25 宁波悦威液压科技有限公司 Hydraulic cylinder silencer and manufacturing process thereof
CN114892164A (en) * 2022-05-19 2022-08-12 湘潭大学 Preparation method of porous membrane on inner wall of stainless steel heat pipe

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US20020059968A1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-05-23 Ngk Insulator, Ltd. Porous metal based composite material
JP2009270149A (en) * 2008-05-07 2009-11-19 Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd Aluminum porous body and manufacturing method therefor
CN102618745A (en) * 2012-04-01 2012-08-01 昆明理工大学 Preparation method of copper porous material
CN103614586A (en) * 2013-11-26 2014-03-05 哈尔滨工业大学 Preparation method for Al2O3 hollow sphere/aluminum porous composite material

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020059968A1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-05-23 Ngk Insulator, Ltd. Porous metal based composite material
JP2009270149A (en) * 2008-05-07 2009-11-19 Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd Aluminum porous body and manufacturing method therefor
CN102618745A (en) * 2012-04-01 2012-08-01 昆明理工大学 Preparation method of copper porous material
CN103614586A (en) * 2013-11-26 2014-03-05 哈尔滨工业大学 Preparation method for Al2O3 hollow sphere/aluminum porous composite material

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107794393A (en) * 2016-09-05 2018-03-13 中南大学 A kind of preparation method of micron-sized low porosity porous Al alloy
CN107794393B (en) * 2016-09-05 2019-08-27 中南大学 A kind of preparation method of micron-sized low porosity porous Al alloy
CN109890932A (en) * 2016-10-12 2019-06-14 香港科技大学 The aluminium composite material with ceramic substrate of lightweight and high tenacity
CN109890932B (en) * 2016-10-12 2021-03-26 香港科技大学 Lightweight and high toughness aluminum composite with ceramic matrix
CN108384975A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-08-10 昆明理工大学 A kind of preparation method of porous Al alloy
CN108384975B (en) * 2018-03-29 2020-02-07 昆明理工大学 Preparation method of porous aluminum alloy
CN112126825A (en) * 2020-08-10 2020-12-25 宁波悦威液压科技有限公司 Hydraulic cylinder silencer and manufacturing process thereof
CN114892164A (en) * 2022-05-19 2022-08-12 湘潭大学 Preparation method of porous membrane on inner wall of stainless steel heat pipe
CN114892164B (en) * 2022-05-19 2023-10-27 湘潭大学 Preparation method of porous membrane on inner wall of stainless steel heat pipe

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