CN103601597B - Humic acid compound fertilizer prepared by peat fermentation and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Humic acid compound fertilizer prepared by peat fermentation and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a humic acid compound fertilizer prepared by peat fermentation and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes: smashing peat powder, adding molasses according to a ratio, then introducing a mixed bacterial solution, and conducting fermentation to obtain fermented peat; adding plant ash and slaked lime into water and stirring them fully, adding algae essence, then adding the fermented peat to let them fully react, then taking the supernatant; leading the supernatant into an emulsification tank, adding urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and 5-nitroguaiacol sodium salt in order, and performing emulsification. According to the invention, the content of humic acid, water soluble nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients can be effectively enhanced, and in the process of fermentation, amino acid and other small molecule organics beneficial to plant growth are produced, and can polymerize with algal polysaccharide, alginic acid and the like in algae essence, the organic molecular polymers can undergo chelation with N, P, K and the like so as to generate chelating molecules that has biological activity and are easily absorbed by plants. Thus, the absorption efficiency of crops on nutrients can be enhanced, and the fertilizer loss is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer, be specially standby humic acid composite material of a kind of peat fermentation and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer is that major contribution had once been made in modern agriculture development, but life-time service chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, first, cause a large amount of wastes of Nonrenewable energy resources; Secondly, chemical substance kills useful animal, microorganism, breaks the eubiosis of agricultural, causes fertility to decline, soil compaction, and crops quality reduces, and the environmental situation such as food and underground water is on the rise.According to associated specialist analysis, excessive use chemical fertilizer, the financial loss causing water pollutions to cause accounts for 1.46% ~ 2.84% of GDP; The direct economic loss causing Chinese agriculture pollution of area source to cause accounts for 0.5% ~ 1% of China's GDP.
Tradition fertilizer often occurs that fermentation is thorough, store, transport, use in Secondary Fermentation, be unfavorable for transport and use.Tradition fertilizer fertilizer efficiency is slow, can not supplement the nutritive element needed for plant growth in time.
Just humic acid fertilizer is had about in new-type fertilizer catalogue in the Department of Science and Technology of China and Department of Commerce " encouraging foreign investment new high-tech product catalogue " (2003), with peat, brown coal, weathered coal etc. for main raw material, through different chemical process or mix mineral manure again and make.There is stimulation plant-growth, improve soil property and a small amount of nutrient effect is provided, improve crop quality, strengthen crop anti-adversity.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that in prior art, various fertilizer exists, the present invention is on the basis of composite fertilizer, there is selection, add natural plant extract targeted specifically, especially marine organism extract, effective nutritional status improving plant, eliminate the injurious factor and physiological disease that accumulate in plant materials, promote absorption and the utilization of Plant To Nutrient, realize functional compound fertilizer material that is efficient, special efficacy environmental protection.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A preparation method for the humic acid composite material that peat fermentation is standby, its raw material comprises according to the mass fraction:
Peat dust 20 ~ 25 parts
Plant ash 10 ~ 15 parts
White lime 1 ~ 5 part
Algae essence 5 ~ 12 parts
10 ~ 15 parts, urea
Potassium primary phosphate 5 ~ 10 parts
2 ~ 8 parts, magnesium sulfate
Amine DA-6 0.01 ~ 0.1 part
0.01 ~ 0.03 part, 5 nitroguaiacol sodium
Described peat dust is the peat dust containing humic acid 40 ~ 45wt%.
Described algae essence can select any one algae essence known to ordinary skill in the art (namely official of Ministry of Agriculture called after is containing the product of sodium alginate water-soluble fertilizer), but the preferably algae essence of alkalinity extraction, Lalgine content >=10%, pH=10 ~ 13; Further, preferred algae essence is the algae essence of the product " marine alga (acid) smart JL-01 (sheet) " by name that Qingdao Jing Ling ocean science company limited produces.
Its preparation process is divided into peat fermentation, chelating, emulsion reaction three step;
(1) peat fermentation
Be crushed to below 100 orders, according to peat by containing the peat dust of humic acids 40 ~ 45%: the mass ratio of molasses=100:1 adds molasses, access mixed bacteria liquid to mixture water content is 80wt% ~ 90wt%, 27 ~ 33 DEG C of bottom fermentations 5 ~ 6 days, obtains fermentation peat;
(2) chelatropic reaction
In a kettle., successively plant ash, white lime are joined in deionized water and fully stirs, after 1h, add algae essence, abundant stirring 30min, then add fermentation peat, DEG C sufficient condition reaction in temperature 60 C ~ 70, treat pH=6.0 ~ 7.2, reaction stops, and gets supernatant liquor; The mass ratio of plant ash, white lime and deionized water three is (10 ~ 15): (1 ~ 5): (40 ~ 50);
(3) emulsion reaction
Supernatant liquor is imported in emulsion tank, add urea, potassium primary phosphate, magnesium sulfate, amine DA-6,5 nitroguaiacol sodium successively, emulsification 10min, regulate pH=6.0 ~ 7.0.
Described mixed bacteria liquid is obtained like this:
A. seed liquor is prepared
Respectively subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmegaterium), Brevibacillus laterosporus (Brevibacillus laterosporu), Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis) are activated on nutrient broth agar culture medium flat plate and cultivate 24 hours, single colony inoculation that picking is large is respectively in nutrient broth nutrient solution, 27 DEG C, 170rpm shakes cultivation 18 hours, obtains OD
620the seed liquor of=0.6-1.0; Described nutrient broth agar substratum with the gauge component of 1 premium on currency is: extractum carnis 3g, peptone 10g, sodium-chlor 5g, agar 15-20g, distilled water 1000mL, pH=7.0-7.2121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min; Described nutrient broth medium with the gauge component of 1 premium on currency is: extractum carnis 3g, peptone 10g, sodium-chlor 5g, distilled water 1000mL, pH=7.0-7.2121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min;
B. bacterium liquid I processed
Get subtilis, the sub-liquid of Bacillus licheniformis strain, each seed liquid inoculum size is 5wt% ~ 10wt%, is seeded in substratum I together, and 28 DEG C of 170rpm shake cultivation 24 hours, obtain bacterium liquid I;
Described substratum I composition is: Semen Maydis powder 20g/L, yeast extract paste 6g/L, potassium primary phosphate 2g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.2g/L, zinc sulfate 0.05g/L, manganous sulfate 0.5g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.3g/L, Trisodium Citrate 5g/L, and surplus is water;
C. bacterium liquid II processed
Get bacillus megaterium, lateral bud genus bacillus seed liquor, seed liquor inoculum size is 5wt% ~ 10wt%, is seeded in substratum II together, and 170rpm shakes cultivation 24 hours, obtains bacterium liquid II;
Described substratum II composition is: Semen Maydis powder 15g/L, soybean cake powder 20g/L, calcium carbonate 6g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 3g/L, potassium primary phosphate 1.5g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.5g/L, yeast extract paste 2g/L, manganous sulfate 1g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.1g/L, Trisodium Citrate 5g/L, surplus is water;
D. mixed bacteria liquid processed
Bacterium liquid I and bacterium liquid II are mixed, adds the water dilution of 100 times of volumes, obtained mixed bacteria liquid.
The present invention is the claimed humic acids compound liquid fertilizer utilizing a kind of peat fermentation obtained by aforesaid method standby simultaneously.In described liquid fertilizer, water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition content are respectively 10.88wt%, 0.76wt%, 15.31wt%, and humic acids content is 65wt%-70wt%.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention effectively improves humic acids, water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition content by using the mode of mixed bacteria liquid fermentation, and during the fermentation, produce the amino acid etc. being conducive to plant-growth and have small organic molecule, and be polymerized with the Sargassum polysaccharides in algae essence, alginic acid etc., these organic molecule polymkeric substance and N, P, K etc. carry out chelating, what be easily absorbed by plants has bioactive chelating molecule, strengthen crop to the assimilated efficiency of nutritive element, effectively reduce fertilizer loss.
More specifically:
(1) after testing, water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition content are by 0.91% in original peat dust, 0.15%, 1.32%, bring up to 10.88%, 0.76%, 15.31%, humic acids content brings up to 65%-70% by 40%-45% in original peat dust.(attaching body measurement method 1)
Table 1-1
(2) during the fermentation, create the amino acid etc. being conducive to plant-growth and have small organic molecule Val, Ile, Asn, Asp, (attached measuring method 2) is also polymerized with Sargassum polysaccharides, Lalgine (such as alginic acid) etc. in algae essence; These organic molecule polymkeric substance and N, P, K etc. carry out chelating, obtain a large amount of be easily absorbed by plants there is bioactive chelating molecule, greatly strengthen the assimilated efficiency of crop to nutritive element, effectively reduce fertilizer loss.(see measuring method 3 and fertilizer efficiency experiment 4)
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
The selection of embodiment raw material
(1) selection of peat
Select of good quality, inclusion-free, the peat dust of water content≤5% is broken to 100 orders, and humic acids content is more than or equal to 40% (HA >=40%), heavy metal free;
(2) plant ash
Plant ash requires the ashes of sufficient combustion, inclusion-free, heavy metal free;
(3) white lime
White lime requires good water solubility, inclusion-free, heavy metal free;
(4) algae essence of alkalinity extraction
I.e. Seaweed Extract raw material, requires Lalgine content >=10%, pH=10 ~ 13, heavy metal free; The algae essence of the product that preferred Qingdao Jing Ling ocean science company limited produces " marine alga (acid) smart JL-01 (sheet) " by name.
(5) other ingredient requirement heavy metal frees and damage to crops growth objectionable impurities.
The preparation of the humic acid composite material that embodiment 1 peat fermentation is standby
Preparation process is divided into peat to ferment, fermentation chelating, emulsion reaction three step;
(1) peat fermentation
Be crushed to below 100 orders, according to peat by containing the peat dust of humic acids 40 ~ 45%: the mass ratio of molasses=100:1 adds molasses, access mixed bacteria liquid to mixture water content is 80%., 27 ~ 33 DEG C of bottom fermentations 5. days, obtains fermentation peat;
(2) chelatropic reaction
In a kettle., successively plant ash, white lime are joined in deionized water and fully stirs, after 1h, add the algae essence of alkalinity extraction, abundant stirring 30min, then add fermentation peat, temperature .70 DEG C of sufficient condition reaction, treat pH=6.0 ~ 7.2, reaction stops, and gets supernatant liquor; The mass ratio of plant ash, white lime and deionized water three is 10:4:49;
(3) emulsion reaction
Supernatant liquor is imported in emulsion tank, add urea, potassium primary phosphate, magnesium sulfate, amine DA-6,5 nitroguaiacol sodium successively, emulsification 10min, regulate pH=6.0 ~ 7.0.
Described mixed bacteria liquid is obtained like this:
A. seed liquor is prepared
Respectively subtilis, bacillus megaterium, Brevibacillus laterosporus, Bacillus licheniformis are activated on nutrient broth agar culture medium flat plate and cultivate 24 hours, single colony inoculation that picking is large is respectively in nutrient broth agar substratum, 27 DEG C, 170rpm shakes cultivation 18 hours, obtains OD
620the seed liquor of=0.6-1.0; Described nutrient broth agar substratum with the gauge component of 1 premium on currency is: extractum carnis 3g, peptone 10g, sodium-chlor 5g, agar 15 ~ 20g, distilled water 1000mL, pH=7.0 ~ 7.2121 degree sterilizing 30min; Described nutrient broth medium with the gauge component of 1 premium on currency is: extractum carnis 3g, peptone 10g, sodium-chlor 5g, distilled water 1000mL, pH=7.0 ~ 7.2121 degree sterilizing 30min;
B. bacterium liquid I processed
Get subtilis, the sub-liquid of Bacillus licheniformis strain, seed liquor inoculum size is 5wt% ~ 10wt%, is seeded in substratum I together, and 28 DEG C of 170rpm shake cultivation 24 hours, obtain bacterium liquid I;
Described substratum I composition is: Semen Maydis powder 20g/L, yeast extract paste 6g/L, potassium primary phosphate 2g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.2g/L, zinc sulfate 0.05g/L, manganous sulfate 0.5g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.3g/L, Trisodium Citrate 5g/L, and surplus is water;
C. bacterium liquid II processed
Get bacillus megaterium, Brevibacillus laterosporus seed liquor, seed liquor inoculum size is 5wt% ~ 10wt%, is seeded in substratum II together, and 170rpm shakes cultivation 24 hours, obtains bacterium liquid II;
Described substratum II composition is: Semen Maydis powder 15g/L, soybean cake powder 20g/L, calcium carbonate 6g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 3g/L, potassium primary phosphate 1.5g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.5g/L, yeast extract paste 2g/L, manganous sulfate 1g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.1g/L, Trisodium Citrate 5g/L, surplus is water;
D. mixed bacteria liquid processed
Bacterium liquid I and bacterium liquid II are mixed, adds the water dilution of 100 times of volumes, obtained mixed bacteria liquid.
Raw material comprises according to the mass fraction:
Containing the peat dust 20 parts of humic acid 40 ~ 45%
Plant ash 15 parts
White lime 2 parts
The algae essence of alkalinity extraction 8 parts
12 parts, urea
Potassium primary phosphate 6 parts
7 parts, magnesium sulfate
Amine DA-6 0.01 part
0.03 part, 5 nitroguaiacol sodium.
The preparation of the humic acid composite material that embodiment 2 peat fermentation is standby
Preparation process is divided into peat to ferment, fermentation chelating, emulsion reaction three step;
(1) peat fermentation
Be crushed to below 100 orders, according to peat by containing the peat dust of humic acids 40 ~ 45wt%: the mass ratio of molasses=100:1 adds molasses, access mixed bacteria liquid to mixture water content is 90wt% .33 DEG C of bottom fermentation 5. days, obtains fermentation peat;
(2) chelatropic reaction
In a kettle., successively plant ash, white lime are joined in deionized water and fully stirs, after 1h, add the algae essence of alkalinity extraction, abundant stirring 30min, then add fermentation peat, react at temperature 60 C sufficient condition, treat pH=6.0 ~ 7.2, reaction stops, and gets supernatant liquor; The mass ratio of plant ash, white lime and deionized water three is 15:2:40;
(3) emulsion reaction
Supernatant liquor is imported in emulsion tank, add urea, potassium primary phosphate, magnesium sulfate, amine DA-6,5 nitroguaiacol sodium successively, emulsification 10min, regulate pH=6.0 ~ 7.0.
Described mixed bacteria liquid is obtained like this:
A. seed liquor is prepared
Respectively subtilis, bacillus megaterium, Brevibacillus laterosporus, Bacillus licheniformis are activated on nutrient broth agar culture medium flat plate and cultivate 24 hours, single colony inoculation that picking is large is respectively in nutrient broth medium, 27 DEG C, 170rpm shakes cultivation 18 hours, obtains OD
620the seed liquor of=0.6-1.0; Described nutrient broth agar substratum with the gauge component of 1 premium on currency is: extractum carnis 3g, peptone 10g, sodium-chlor 5g, agar 15 ~ 20g, distilled water 1000mL, pH7.0-7.2121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min; Described nutrient broth medium with the gauge component of 1 premium on currency is: extractum carnis 3g, peptone 10g, sodium-chlor 5g, distilled water 1000mL, pH7.0-7.2121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min;
B. bacterium liquid I processed
Get subtilis, the sub-liquid of Bacillus licheniformis strain, seed liquor inoculum size is 5wt% ~ 10wt%, is seeded in substratum I together, and 28 DEG C of 170rpm shake cultivation 24 hours, obtain bacterium liquid I;
Described substratum I composition is: Semen Maydis powder 20g/L, yeast extract paste 6g/L, potassium primary phosphate 2g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.2g/L, zinc sulfate 0.05g/L, manganous sulfate 0.5g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.3g/L, Trisodium Citrate 5g/L, and surplus is water;
C. bacterium liquid II processed
Get bacillus megaterium, Brevibacillus laterosporus seed liquor, seed liquor inoculum size is 5wt% ~ 10wt%, is seeded in substratum II together, and 170rpm shakes cultivation 24 hours, obtains bacterium liquid II;
Described substratum II composition is: Semen Maydis powder 15g/L, soybean cake powder 20g/L, calcium carbonate 6g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 3g/L, potassium primary phosphate 1.5g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.5g/L, yeast extract paste 2g/L, manganous sulfate 1g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.1g/L, Trisodium Citrate 5g/L, surplus is water;
D. mixed bacteria liquid processed
Bacterium liquid I and bacterium liquid II are mixed, adds the water dilution of 100 times of volumes, obtained mixed bacteria liquid.
Raw material comprises according to the mass fraction:
Containing the peat dust 25 parts of humic acid 40 ~ 45%
Plant ash 10 parts
White lime 5 parts
The algae essence of alkalinity extraction 12 parts
10 parts, urea
Potassium primary phosphate 5 parts
2 parts, magnesium sulfate
Amine DA-6 0.1 part
0.01 part, 5 nitroguaiacol sodium.
The preparation of the humic acid composite material that embodiment 3 peat fermentation is standby
Preparation process is divided into peat to ferment, fermentation chelating, emulsion reaction three step;
(1) peat fermentation
Be crushed to below 100 orders, according to peat by containing the peat dust of humic acids 40 ~ 45wt%: the mass ratio of molasses=100:1 adds molasses, access mixed bacteria liquid to mixture water content is 85wt%, 30 DEG C of bottom fermentations 5 days, obtains fermentation peat;
(2) chelatropic reaction
In a kettle., successively plant ash, white lime are joined in deionized water and fully stirs, after 1h, add the algae essence of alkalinity extraction, abundant stirring 30min, then add fermentation peat, DEG C sufficient condition reaction in temperature 60 C ~ 70, treat pH=6.0 ~ 7.2, reaction stops, and gets supernatant liquor; The mass ratio of plant ash, white lime and deionized water three is 13:3:45;
(3) emulsion reaction
Supernatant liquor is imported in emulsion tank, add urea, potassium primary phosphate, magnesium sulfate, amine DA-6,5 nitroguaiacol sodium successively, emulsification 10min, regulate pH=6.0 ~ 7.0.
Described mixed bacteria liquid is obtained like this:
A. seed liquor is prepared
Respectively subtilis, bacillus megaterium, Brevibacillus laterosporus, Bacillus licheniformis are activated on nutrient agar culture medium flat plate and cultivate 24 hours, single bacterium colony that picking is large is respectively inoculated in nutrient substratum by the inoculum size of 10vt%, 27 DEG C, 170rpm shakes cultivation 18 hours, obtains OD
620the seed liquor of=0.6-1.0; Described nutrient substratum with the gauge component of 1 premium on currency is: peptone 10g, beef extract 3g, NaCl5g, agar 20g, distilled water 1L, PH7.0; Described nutrient agar substratum with the gauge component of 1 premium on currency is: extractum carnis 3g, peptone 10g, sodium-chlor 5g, agar 15-20g, distilled water 1000mL, pH7.0-7.2121 degree sterilizing 30min;
B. bacterium liquid I processed
Get subtilis, the sub-liquid of Bacillus licheniformis strain, seed liquor inoculum size is 5wt% ~ 10wt%, is seeded in substratum I together, and 28 DEG C of 170rpm shake cultivation 24 hours, obtain bacterium liquid I;
Described substratum I composition is: Semen Maydis powder 20g/L, yeast extract paste 6g/L, potassium primary phosphate 2g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.2g/L, zinc sulfate 0.05g/L, manganous sulfate 0.5g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.3g/L, Trisodium Citrate 5g/L, and surplus is water;
C. bacterium liquid II processed
Get bacillus megaterium, Brevibacillus laterosporus seed liquor, seed liquor inoculum size is 5wt% ~ 10wt%, is seeded in substratum II together, and 170rpm shakes cultivation 24 hours, obtains bacterium liquid II;
Described substratum II composition is: Semen Maydis powder 15g/L, soybean cake powder 20g/L, calcium carbonate 6g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 3g/L, potassium primary phosphate 1.5g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.5g/L, yeast extract paste 2g/L, manganous sulfate 1g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.1g/L, Trisodium Citrate 5g/L, surplus is water;
D. mixed bacteria liquid processed
Bacterium liquid I and bacterium liquid II are mixed, adds the water dilution of 100 times of volumes, obtained mixed bacteria liquid.
Raw material comprises according to the mass fraction:
Containing the peat dust 21 parts of humic acid 40 ~ 45%
Plant ash 14 parts
White lime 4 parts
The algae essence of alkalinity extraction 9 parts
11 parts, urea
Potassium primary phosphate 8 parts
4 parts, magnesium sulfate
Amine DA-6 0.08 part
0.02 part, 5 nitroguaiacol sodium.
Field fertilizer efficiency experiment 1 ~ 4:
Test 1 romaine lettuce field fertilizer efficiency experiment
Place: Songming County, Kunming, Yunnan Province
Unit on probation: green romaine lettuce planting base, Songming
Time on probation: on September 10th, 2013
Cash crop on probation: romaine lettuce
Fertilizer applications:
(1) test group romaine lettuce spacing in the rows 20 centimetres, line-spacing 20 centimetres, experiment area is 100 square metres, and the fermentation peat dust obtained with step of the present invention (1) is base manure (500 kgs/acre).The field planting of romaine lettuce Rooted Cuttings is after 15 days, 2013
9month
10day, first manurial experiment district used the standby humic acids compound liquid fertilizer rate of fertilizer application of a kind of peat fermentation of the present invention
900ml(folding mu rate of fertilizer application 6kg/ mu, secondary), water after diluting 100 times and execute soil, the fertilising cycle is 20 days; The humic acids compound liquid fertilizer rate of fertilizer application that a kind of peat fermentation of fertilising Japanese invention October 10 in 2013 is standby for the second time
900ml(folding mu rate of fertilizer application 5kg/ mu, secondary), waters after diluting 100 times and executes soil.
(2) comparative group romaine lettuce spacing in the rows 20 centimetres, line-spacing 20 centimetres, experiment area is 100 square metres, with sheep excrement for base manure (1000 kgs/acre).The field planting of romaine lettuce Rooted Cuttings is after 15 days, and on September 10th, 2013, manurial experiment district used composite fertilizer fertilizer 15-15-15 rate of fertilizer application 1.2kg (folding mu rate of fertilizer application 8kg/ mu, secondary), and the fertilising cycle is 20 days; On October 10th, 2013 is used composite fertilizer fertilizer 15-15-15 rate of fertilizer application 1.2kg in second time fertilising
(folding mu rate of fertilizer application 10kg/ mu, secondary).
Fertilizer nutrient detects:
Test group fertilizing nutrient total content: the humic acids compound liquid fertilizer that a kind of peat fermentation is standby, applies N+P at every turn
2o
5+ K
2o ≈ 270g;
Comparative group fertilizing nutrient total content: 15-15-15 compound manure, applies N+P at every turn
2o
5+ K
2o ≈ 540g;
Fertilizer efficiency experimental result:
Romaine lettuce biomass contrasts
The romaine lettuce plant height of romaine lettuce fertilising test group, to cover ground area all good than comparative group.
When test group reduces total nutrient content compared with comparative group, the output of romaine lettuce is also beyond the output normally using chemical fertilizer.The standby humic acid composite material of visible a kind of peat fermentation of the present invention can improve Plant To Nutrient element assimilated efficiency, reduce fertilizer loss.
Test 2. romaine lettuce field fertilizer efficiency experiments
Romaine lettuce field fertilizer efficiency is tested
Place: Chenggong County, Kunming, Yunnan Province
People on probation: Yang Meiying
Time on probation: on December 17th, 2012
Examination employing unit: peasant household
Cash crop on probation: romaine lettuce
Area on probation: 3 mu
Amount on probation: the humic acids compound liquid fertilizer 3L that peat fermentation provided by the invention is standby
Fertilizer applications:
3 mu, Chenggong County, Kunming, Yunnan Province romaine lettuce booth is done experiment, point first, second, the third three groups, first group 1 mu waters clear water for control group, it is 15-15-15 fertilizer that second group 1 mu uses common fertilizer (solid particulate) composite fertilizer NPK, uses the standby humic acid composite material of a kind of peat fermentation of the present invention for third group 1 mu.Romaine lettuce kind is: the green U.S. of lattice, glossy dark green romaine lettuce (CA026).
First group treatment process: romaine lettuce Rooted Cuttings on the 17th field planting December in 2012 take chicken manure as base manure (1000 kgs/acre), spacing in the rows 18-20 centimetre, line-spacing 25-30 centimetre, and experiment area is 1 mu.Replace fertilising to water clear water, start results on February 25th, 2013.
Second group treatment process: romaine lettuce Rooted Cuttings on the 17th field planting December in 2012 take chicken manure as base manure (1000 kgs/acre), spacing in the rows 18-20 centimetre, line-spacing 25-30 centimetre, and experiment area is 1 mu.December 29 used for the first time and topdresses, and particulate application shape composite fertilizer NPK is 15-15-15, and rate of fertilizer application is 10kg (folding mu rate of fertilizer application 10kg/ mu, secondary), and the fertilising cycle is 20 days; Second time fertilising particulate application shape composite fertilizer NPK on January 18th, 2013 is 15-15-15, and rate of fertilizer application is 10kg; Third time fertilising particulate application shape composite fertilizer NPK on February 3rd, 2013 is 15-15-15, and rate of fertilizer application is 10kg, starts results on February 25th, 2013.
Third group for the treatment of process: romaine lettuce Rooted Cuttings on the 17th field planting December in 2012 take chicken manure as base manure (1000 kgs/acre), spacing in the rows 18-20 centimetre, line-spacing 25-30 centimetre, and experiment area is 1 mu.Test site was used for the first time and was topdressed December 29, used the humic acid composite material that a kind of peat fermentation prepared by the present invention is standby, rate of fertilizer application 6kg (folding mu rate of fertilizer application 6kg/ mu, secondary), and water after diluting 100 times and execute soil, the fertilising cycle is 20 days; Second time fertilising on January 18th, 2013, use the humic acid composite material that a kind of peat fermentation prepared by the present invention is standby, rate of fertilizer application 6kg (folding mu rate of fertilizer application 6kg/ mu, secondary), waters after diluting 100 times and executes soil; Third time fertilising on February 3rd, 2013, use the humic acid composite material that a kind of peat fermentation prepared by the present invention is standby, rate of fertilizer application 6kg (folding mu rate of fertilizer application 6kg/ mu, secondary), waters after dilute 100 times and executes soil, start on February 25th, 2013 to gather in the crops.
Fertilizer efficiency experimental result:
Fertilizer efficiency contrasts
Quality contrast table
Can find out from upper table, when romaine lettuce seedling is identical, the successful of the humic acid composite material (third group) that a kind of peat fermentation using the present invention to prepare is standby is better than the effect using common fertilizer (second group).Be mainly manifested in fast growth, the romaine lettuce of the humic acid composite material that a kind of peat fermentation using the present invention to prepare is standby, color is dark, and disease plant is few, and average plant height exceeds 2 ~ 3 centimetres than use common fertilizer, and average strain heavily too increases 28 ~ 31 grams,
soluble polysaccharide per kilogram increases by 1.4 grams, describing under identical planting conditions, using the standby humic acid composite material of a kind of peat fermentation prepared by the present invention than using the effective of common fertilizer.
Test 3. ginkgo field fertilizer efficiency experiments
Place: Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province side street town
Time on probation: in July, 2013
Examination employing unit: Kang Enbei group wishes in Yunnan the planting base of pottery medicine company
Cash crop on probation: ginkgo
Area on probation: 3 mu
Fertilizer applications:
The ginkgo test of Wen Sanzhou side street town, Yunnan Province, point first, second, the third three groups, first group 1 mu waters clear water for control group, it is 15-15-15 fertilizer that second group 1 mu uses common fertilizer (solid particulate) composite fertilizer NPK, uses the standby humic acid composite material of a kind of peat fermentation of the present invention for third group 1 mu.
First group treatment process: on July 10th, 2013.Fertilising is replaced to water clear water.
Second group treatment process: on July 10th, 2013 ginkgo one term seedling, experiment area be 1 mu.Used the foliage fertilizer that market is bought on July 10, rate of fertilizer application is 6kg (folding mu rate of fertilizer application 6kg/ mu, secondary), and the fertilising cycle is 20 days; On August 1st, 2013 is used the foliage fertilizer bought market in second time fertilising, and rate of fertilizer application is 6kg (folding mu rate of fertilizer application 6kg/ mu, secondary), and the fertilising cycle is 20 days; On August 20th, 2013 is used the foliage fertilizer bought market in third time fertilising, and rate of fertilizer application is 6kg (folding mu rate of fertilizer application 6kg/ mu, secondary), and the fertilising cycle is 20 days.
Third group for the treatment of process: on July 10th, 2013 ginkgo one term seedling, experiment area be 1 mu.Used the humic acid composite material that a kind of peat fermentation prepared by the present invention is standby on July 10, rate of fertilizer application 6kg (folding mu rate of fertilizer application 6kg/ mu, secondary), water after diluting 100 times and execute soil, the fertilising cycle is 20 days; Second time fertilising on August 1st, 2013, use the humic acid composite material that a kind of peat fermentation prepared by the present invention is standby, rate of fertilizer application 6kg (folding mu rate of fertilizer application 5kg/ mu, secondary), waters after diluting 100 times and executes soil; Third time fertilising on August 20th, 2013, use the humic acid composite material that a kind of peat fermentation prepared by the present invention is standby, rate of fertilizer application 6kg (folding mu rate of fertilizer application 5kg/ mu, secondary), waters after diluting 100 times and executes soil.
As can be seen from following fertilizer efficiency experimental data, use the humic acid composite material that peat fermentation of the present invention is standby, plant height, the number of blade are obviously better than the foliage fertilizer using clear water and market purchase.
Fertilizer efficiency experimental result:
Side street ginkgo examination on August 29th, 2013 fertilizer efficiency experimental data measures
Side street ginkgo examination on August 29th, 2013 fertilizer efficiency experimental data measures
On August 29th, 2013, side street ginkgo testing data measured
Fertilizer efficiency experiment 4:
Fertilizer provided by the invention is tested the impact of fertilizer lasting effect in Crop efficiency, soil:
Test group: applying fertilizer is the standby humic acid composite material of a kind of peat fermentation provided by the invention;
Control group: apply fertilizer raw materials and test group fertilizer material kind (comprising deionized water, mixed bacteria liquid etc.), mass fraction all identical, unlike cutting chelatropic reaction step, preparation process is as follows:
(1) peat fermentation
Peat dust is crushed to below 100 orders, according to peat: the mass ratio of molasses=100:1 adds molasses, access mixed bacteria liquid to mixture water content is 80wt% ~ 90wt%, 27 ~ 33 DEG C of bottom fermentations 5 ~ 6 days, obtains fermentation peat;
(2) plant ash, white lime, deionized water, algae essence, urea, potassium primary phosphate, magnesium sulfate, amine DA-6,5 nitroguaiacol sodium are mixed with fermentation peat, emulsification 10min.
Fertilizer applications:
This test romaine lettuce, as test kind, often organizes romaine lettuce spacing in the rows 20 centimetres, line-spacing 20 centimetres, and experiment area is 100 square metres, and romaine lettuce Rooted Cuttings field planting fertilising in 15 days once.
(1) the test group fertilising standby humic acids compound liquid fertilizer rate of fertilizer application 9 of a kind of peat fermentation of the present invention
00ml(folding mu rate of fertilizer application 6kg/ mu, secondary), waters after diluting 100 times and executes soil.
(2) it is identical that control group applies fertilizer peat dust raw material dosage and test group apply fertilizer Raw peat dust raw material dosage.
Test-results:
After field planting, the 14th day, 30 days, 45 days, the 60 days growing ways to romaine lettuce carry out observation measurement respectively, and test result sees the following form: prove good absorbing effect.
Average plant height, weight synopsis
Fertilizer lasting effect contrasts: respectively before fertilising, within the 5th day, 15 days, 25 days, 35 days, 55 days, gets soil within vegetables roots 2cm after fertilising, measures wherein water-soluble N, P, K content etc. with TRF-1 series chemical fertilizer in soil tester,
Ammonium nitrogen assay table in rhizosphere soil
P in rhizosphere soil
2o
5assay table
K2O assay table in rhizosphere soil
Experiment results proved: the growing way of test group apparently higher than control group, water-soluble ammonium nitrogen (N) content, water-soluble P in soil
2o
5content, water-soluble K
2it is a lot of that O content obviously exceeds control group.After illustrating that the present invention increases chelation step, while promotion nutrition absorption, effectively reduce the loss of Fertilizer nutrient composition in soil.
Attached: method for measuring components
Measuring method 1
The mensuration of 1.1 nitrogen elements:
1., principle: with determining nitrogen alloy by reducing nitrate radical in alkaline medium, straight run distillation goes out ammonia or in acidic medium, reduces nitrate to become ammonium salt, under mixed catalyst exists, digest with the vitriol oil, organic nitrogen or amidonitrogen and cyanamide nitrogen are converted into ammonium salt, from basic solution, distill ammonia.Ammonia is absorbed in excess sulfuric acid solution, under methyl red one methylene blue mixture indicator exists, uses Standard Volumetric Solutions for Sodium Hydroxide back titration.
2., plant and instrument:
Slaking apparatus: 1000ml round bottom distilling flask (supporting with distillation apparatus); Anti-bumping particle; Digestion heating unit: be placed in temp. controllable electric furnace in stink cupboard.
Water distilling apparatus: distilling flask; Straight cold finger, the Erlenmeyer flask of 500mL; Glass funnel; One is about 100mm, and diameter is about the glass stick of 5mm; Anti-bumping particle (granulated glass sphere).Each parts soft rubber ball of distillation apparatus is connected with rubber tubing.Distillation heating unit: temp. controllable electric furnace.
3., reagent
Sulfuric acid; Hydrochloric acid; Potassium sulfate; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate; Prepared by mixed catalyst: 1000g potassium sulfate and 50g cupric sulfate pentahydrate are fully mixed, and carefully grind; Sodium hydroxide solution: 400g/1; Standard Volumetric Solutions for Sodium Hydroxide: c (NaOH)=0.5mol/I; Sulphuric acid soln: (1/2H
2sO
4)=1mol/L; Methyl red one methylene blue mixture indicator; Wide pH value test paper.
The mensuration of 1.2 phosphoric:
1., experimental principle
Water-soluble phosphorus and available phosphorus in composite fertilizer is extracted with water and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) solution, in extracting solution, positive phosphorus acid ion generates yellow phospho-molybdic acid quinoline with quinoline molybdenum lemon ketone reagent and precipitates, with the content of phospho-molybdic acid quinoline gravimetric determination phosphorus in acidic medium.
2., plant and instrument:
Laboratory common equipment and thermostatic drying chamber (about 180 DEG C), glass pot formula filter, No. 4, volume 30ml; The water bath with thermostatic control vibrator Clothoid type vibrator of about 60 DEG C (temperature controllable).
3., reagent
Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) solution, 37.5g/L: take 75gEDTA in 1000MI beaker, add suitable quantity of water heating for dissolving, it is to be cooled that to room temperature, move into constant volume in 2L volumetric flask stand-by; Quinoline molybdenum lemon ketone reagent; Nitric acid (1+1) solution.
1.3 potassium elements measure:
1., experimental principle
In weak alkaline medium, with the potassium ion in sodium tetraborate solution precipitation sample solution, by sedimentation and filtration, drying and weigh.For preventing Cation Interferences, adding appropriate disodium EDTA (EDTA) in advance, making positively charged ion and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate complexing.
2., equipment and instrument
Laboratory common equipment; Glass pot formula filter: No. 4,30ml; Loft drier: the temperature that can maintain 5 DEG C, 120 DEG C of soil.
3., reagent
Tetraphenyl sodium borate: 15g/L; Disodium EDTA (EDTA) solution: 40g/L; Sodium hydroxide solution: 400g/L; Tetraphenyl sodium borate washings: 1.5g/L; Phenolphthalein: 5g/L ethanolic soln, dissolves 0.5g phenolphthalein in 100ml95% (massfraction) ethanol.
Measuring method 2
The fermentation peat 10kg of step of the present invention of learning from else's experience (1) peat fermenting process, adds the ionized water 15kg that anhydrates, and stirs 2h, pour out supernatant liquor, centrifugal 10 minutes of 4000rpm in 40 DEG C of dipping baths, collects clear liquid.Regulate pH to 2.0 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, occur white flock precipitate, recentrifuge, collecting precipitation, repeatedly extract after drying to be precipitated with methyl alcohol, methanol phase pressurization is concentrated, obtains milk yellow paste.
Paste is dissolved in a small amount of methyl alcohol/chloroform equal-volume mixed solvent, be loaded onto chromatography column, moving phase wash-out is mixed into methyl alcohol/chloroform equal-volume, every 10ml collects a pipe, detect with silica GF254 thin-layer chromatography (TLC), chloroform: methyl alcohol: water=65:25:5 is developping agent, triketohydrindene hydrate dyes.
Leu, Ile, Val, Tyr, Asn, Asp, Glu, Lys are dissolved in respectively in methyl alcohol/chloroform equal-volume mixed solvent, put respectively on each block chromatoplate, and an another some paste lysate on plate again, launch in developping agent, dye with triketohydrindene hydrate.On chromatoplate, the point of equal height position is same material.
Measurement result: contain in paste: Val, Ile, Asn, Asp.
Measuring method 3
Take the algae essence 1kg of alkalinity extraction, add 2 times of volume distilled water, concentrated hydrochloric acid is adjusted to pH=6.5-7.5, and 8h is extracted in 60 DEG C of water-baths, lixiviate 3 times, extracting solution is concentrated into 1/3 volume, adds 3.5 times of dehydrated alcohols, centrifugal leave standstill 12h in refrigerator after, collecting precipitation, lyophilize obtains marine alga Crude polysaccharides.
Crude polysaccharides is dissolved in pH value 7.2 concentration 02.02mol/L phosphoric acid buffer (PBS), by DEAE-Cellulose-32 anion column (3.5cm × 50cm), use concentration 0.02mol/LPBS, 0-0.75mol/LNaCl gradient elution, flow velocity is 0.6ml/min, 4ml/tube, phend-sulphuric acid detects the sugared peak collected, and liquid (1., 2., 3.) lyophilize is collected at sugared peak place.
By the paste lysate collected in measuring method 2, solvent evaporates is removed, is dissolved in 60 DEG C of 6ml deionized waters respectively, 0.1gKH2PO4, FeSO4 is added respectively in test tube, be divided into three test tubes, add respectively 1., 2., 3., have a small amount of flocks to generate.70 DEG C of water-bath 30min.Repeatedly extract with methanol-acetone (1:1).Methanol-acetone pressurizes concentrated mutually, obtains canescence paste.
Canescence paste is dissolved in and is dissolved in a small amount of methyl alcohol/chloroform equal-volume mixed solvent, be loaded onto chromatography column, moving phase wash-out is mixed into methyl alcohol/chloroform equal-volume, every 10ml collects a pipe, detect with silica GF254 thin-layer chromatography (TLC), chloroform: methyl alcohol: water=65:25:5 is developping agent, triketohydrindene hydrate dyes.
Val, Ile, Asn, Asp are dissolved in respectively in methyl alcohol/chloroform equal-volume mixed solvent, put respectively on each block chromatoplate, and an another some canescence paste lysate on plate again, launch in developping agent, dye with triketohydrindene hydrate.On chromatoplate, the point of equal height position is same material.
From TLC thin plate chromatography, outside Val, Ile, Asn, Asp point, there are two new compound points, judged that compound is polymkeric substance or the inner complex of amino acid-metallic element-Sargassum polysaccharides.
Claims (4)
1. a preparation method for the humic acid composite material that peat fermentation is standby, its raw material comprises according to the mass fraction:
Peat dust 20 ~ 25 parts
Plant ash 10 ~ 15 parts
White lime 1 ~ 5 part
Algae essence 5 ~ 12 parts
10 ~ 15 parts, urea
Potassium primary phosphate 5 ~ 10 parts
2 ~ 8 parts, magnesium sulfate
Amine DA-6 0.01 ~ 0.1 part
0.01 ~ 0.03 part, 5 nitroguaiacol sodium
Its preparation process is divided into peat fermentation, chelating, emulsion reaction three step;
(1) peat fermentation
Peat dust is crushed to below 100 orders, according to peat: the mass ratio of molasses=100:1 adds molasses, access mixed bacteria liquid to mixture water content is 80wt% ~ 90wt%, 27 ~ 33 DEG C of bottom fermentations 5 ~ 6 days, obtains fermentation peat;
(2) chelatropic reaction
In a kettle., successively plant ash, white lime are joined in deionized water and fully stirs, after 1h, add algae essence, abundant stirring 30min, then add fermentation peat, DEG C sufficient condition reaction in temperature 60 C ~ 70, treat pH=6.0 ~ 7.2, reaction stops, and gets supernatant liquor; The mass ratio of plant ash, white lime and deionized water three is 10 ~ 15:1 ~ 5:40 ~ 50;
(3) emulsion reaction
Supernatant liquor is imported in emulsion tank, add urea, potassium primary phosphate, magnesium sulfate, amine DA-6,5 nitroguaiacol sodium successively, emulsification 10min, regulate pH=6.0 ~ 7.0;
Described mixed bacteria liquid is obtained like this:
A. seed liquor is prepared
Respectively subtilis (Bacillussubtilis), bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmegaterium), Brevibacillus laterosporus (Brevibacilluslaterosporu), Bacillus licheniformis (Bacilluslicheniformis) are activated on nutrient broth agar culture medium flat plate and cultivate 24 hours, single colony inoculation that picking is large is respectively in nutrient substratum, 27 DEG C, 170rpm shakes cultivation 18 hours, obtains OD
620the seed liquor of=0.6-1.0; Described nutrient broth agar substratum with the gauge component of 1 premium on currency is: extractum carnis 3g, peptone 10g, sodium-chlor 5g, agar 15-20g, distilled water 1000mL, pH7.0-7.2,121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min; Described nutrient broth medium with the gauge component of 1 premium on currency is: extractum carnis 3g, peptone 10g, sodium-chlor 5g, distilled water 1000mL, pH7.0-7.2,121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min;
B. bacterium liquid I processed
Get subtilis, the sub-liquid of Bacillus licheniformis strain, seed liquor inoculum size is 5wt% ~ 10wt%, is seeded in substratum I together, and 28 DEG C of 170rpm shake cultivation 24 hours, obtain bacterium liquid I;
Described substratum I composition is: Semen Maydis powder 20g/L, yeast extract paste 6g/L, potassium primary phosphate 2g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.2g/L, zinc sulfate 0.05g/L, manganous sulfate 0.5g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.3g/L, Trisodium Citrate 5g/L, and surplus is water;
C. bacterium liquid II processed
Get bacillus megaterium, Brevibacillus laterosporus seed liquor, seed liquor inoculum size is 5wt% ~ 10wt%, is seeded in substratum II together, and 170rpm shakes cultivation 24 hours, obtains bacterium liquid II;
Described substratum II composition is: Semen Maydis powder 15g/L, soybean cake powder 20g/L, calcium carbonate 6g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 3g/L, potassium primary phosphate 1.5g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.5g/L, yeast extract paste 2g/L, manganous sulfate 1g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.1g/L, Trisodium Citrate 5g/L, surplus is water;
D. mixed bacteria liquid processed
Bacterium liquid I and bacterium liquid II are mixed, adds the water dilution of 100 times of volumes, obtained mixed bacteria liquid.
2. the preparation method of the humic acid composite material that a kind of peat fermentation according to claim 1 is standby, is characterized in that: described peat dust is the peat dust containing humic acid 40 ~ 45wt%.
3. the preparation method of the humic acid composite material that a kind of peat fermentation according to claim 1 is standby, is characterized in that: the algae essence of the preferred alkalinity extraction of described algae essence, Lalgine content >=10%, pH=10 ~ 13.
4. the humic acid composite material that peat fermentation is standby obtains by method described in claim 1.
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| CN104725141B (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2017-11-21 | 青岛海力源生物科技有限公司 | A kind of humic acid fertilizer synergist with ammonia volatilization inhibitory action and preparation method thereof |
| CN106588152A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-04-26 | 五洲丰农业科技有限公司 | Method for preparing coated seaweed and peat particles through semisolid fermentation of marine microorganisms |
| CN106747921A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-31 | 寿光市百威德生物工程有限公司 | A great number of elements foliar fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107082713B (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2018-04-17 | 河南捷农生化有限公司 | A kind of regulating crop growth and fertilizer that is disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant, preventing early ageing |
| CN108587636B (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2020-10-27 | 青岛益佰农肥业有限公司 | Soil conditioner for adjusting soil pH value and relieving soil salinization and preparation method thereof |
| CN108328718A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-07-27 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of generating means of fulvic acid chelated iron ion |
| CN109498756A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-22 | 南京臻旸生物科技有限公司 | A kind of bionic peat coal humic acid subtracts the preparation method of anti-livestock and poultry veterinary drug of anti-generation |
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