CN103598072A - Pattypan squash soilless cultivation method - Google Patents
Pattypan squash soilless cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103598072A CN103598072A CN201310598823.4A CN201310598823A CN103598072A CN 103598072 A CN103598072 A CN 103598072A CN 201310598823 A CN201310598823 A CN 201310598823A CN 103598072 A CN103598072 A CN 103598072A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pattypan squash soilless cultivation method. With the pattypan squash soilless cultivation method, both fruiting rate and yield of pattypan squash in soilless cultivation are increased, quality of the pattypan squash in soilless cultivation is improved greatly, and the pattypan squash has good taste. As bacillus subtilis is added in cultivation substrates, growth of harmful bacteria can be suppressed effectively and plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vegetable growing field, be specifically related to a kind of soilless culture method of flying saucer melon.
Background technology
Flying saucer melon has another name called dish melon, dish-shaped melon, tip edge melon, oblate custard squash, is a mutation of Curcurbitaceae Cucurbita american pumpkin.Flying saucer melon not only has very high ornamental value, also has very high edibility and value medical health care, its tender fruit, tender flower, tenderly disappear, petiole, seed be all edible, is a kind of rare existing food dual-purpose gardening plant.
Soilless culture is to use natural substrates if crushing straw, sawdust, the peat composed of rotten mosses, peat, sand etc. or artificial substratum are as rock wool, perlite etc. replace soil, does not even use any matrix, uses nutrient solution directly to soak, spray plant root, is referred to as again nutrient fluid cultivation.Soilless culture flying saucer melon can depart from soil completely, compare with traditional soil cultivation, there is obvious advantage, can cultivate indoor, can meet the requirement of modern metropolitan cities to organic vegetable, flying saucer melon is potted plant not only has very important edibility, and also there is certain sight, there is very tempting wide development prospect, the production of flying saucer melon at present mostly adopts traditional native planting type that has, there is soil cultivation easily to carry disease germs to cause the unfavorable factors such as plant is susceptible, compare with traditional soil cultivation, soilless culture can significantly improve flowers, fruit, the output of vegetables, promote quality, reduce soil-borne disease, purify planting environment.Soilless culture substrate adopts peat, vermiculite, perlite, river sand, peat to be not suitable for the independent matrix as soilless culture more, but mixes use with inorganic matrix, can make matrix gas permeability better, increases the buffer capacity of soil, improves the utilizability of iron and nitrogen.The history of flying saucer Gua China cultivation is very short, so most people are very few to its understanding, therefore also few to its research, and also fewer to the research of flying saucer melon soilless culture, also rarely known by the people in China, therefore the research tool of flying saucer melon soilless culture is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of soilless culture method of flying saucer melon, not only can extend its vegetative period, can also improve the yield and quality of flying saucer melon.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
A flying saucer melon soilless culture method, comprises the following steps:
(1) sterilizing of matrix is processed: before matrix is used, first in every cubic metre of matrix, be spilled into the pulverized limestone disinfection of 2-4%, and then spray the powder of carbendazim of 2-4%;
(2) transplanting of flying saucer melon plant: the flying saucer melon transplantation of seedlings of taking out at seedling rearing room is entered in the plastic big basin that back cut diameter is greater than 35cm, and after planting, matrix is from the basin mouth 7-9cm of place;
(3) pot water is processed: after go up basin, water, first on just, water the water of foot 100% during complete basin, prevent that firm water deficit in a plant of having transplanted is fading; Within later every 3-4 days, water once, it is 350-500ml that every basin waters the water yield at every turn, completely to irrigate and to be as the criterion;
(4) potted plant fertilizer treatment: 5-10 days every basins impose 200-250g Chicken dung before blooming, before bearing fruit, 4-8 days every basins impose quick-acting phosphoric acid potash fertilizer 100-150g and Chicken dung 50-100g.
Described matrix comprises wheat stalk 500-550 part, straw stalk 300-360 part, cotton seed hulls powder 250-280 part, peat composed of rotten mosses 120-150 part, night soil 240-300 part, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 45-55 part, urea 20-35 part, superphosphate 50-60 part, bacillus subtilis 1-3 part.
Described wheat stalk, straw stalk, cotton seed hulls powder carry out mixed culture fermentation according to described ratio: first by wheat stalk, the chopping of straw stalk, length is less than 4 centimetres, then described peanut hull meal is mixed to mixed processing, standby with water infiltration, at stalk, pile rotten the last week, add described night soil, and it is numerous to add compost bacterium to expand in chicken manure, 2 meters of the bottom width of stalk heap, length is not limit, if the water that stalk infiltrates is not enough, spray again appropriate water, with with the hand-tight stalk of holding, between webs, there is water to be extruded as degree, plastic covering film starts fermentation, when rising to 50 ℃, fermentation temperature starts immediately turning, turning every day later, make to pile temperature maintain all the time 35-50 ℃ totally 5 days, after solid fermentation starts, the pH of stacking yard can constantly rise, during each turning, with containing acid solution body, regulate water content and pH, make them maintain respectively 55-65% and 6.0-7.0, when stopping, fermentation with containing acid solution body, sprays again, until stacking yard pH is adjusted into 5.0 left and right, carry out again low temperature drying or natural airing, and then the peat composed of rotten mosses described in adding in proportion in fermentation product, night soil, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), urea, superphosphate, bacillus subtilis, fully stir evenly it is mixed, bacillus subtilis is expanded numerous in inside, when the C/N of matrix ratio is between 38～42, the matrix that can be used as soilless culture is used.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: a kind of soilless culture substrate method of flying saucer melon is provided, and wherein substrate composition is suitable, can greatly improve the yield and quality of flying saucer melon; And realize the potted plant of flying saucer melon, and be easy to cultivation, transportation, improved ornamental value; And in cultivation matrix, added bacillus subtilis, can effectively suppress the growth of pernicious bacteria, reduced the generation of damage by disease and insect, the present invention not only method simple, be easy to realize, and cost is low, is the new technology being worthy to be popularized.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, thereby so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, protection scope of the present invention is made to more explicit defining.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
Embodiment 1
A soilless culture substrate for flying saucer melon, comprises 500 parts of wheat stalks, 300 parts of straw stalks, 250 parts, cotton seed hulls powder, 120 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 240 parts of night soils, 45 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP)s, 20 parts, urea, 50 parts of superphosphate, 1 part of bacillus subtilis.
Wheat stalk, straw stalk, cotton seed hulls powder carry out mixed culture fermentation according to described ratio: first by wheat stalk, the chopping of straw stalk, length is less than 4 centimetres, then described peanut hull meal is mixed to mixed processing, standby with water infiltration, at stalk, pile rotten the last week, add compost bacterium to expand in chicken manure numerous, 2 meters of the bottom width of stalk heap, length is not limit, if the water that stalk infiltrates is not enough, spray again appropriate water, with with the hand-tight stalk of holding, between webs, there is water to be extruded as degree, plastic covering film starts fermentation, when rising to 50 ℃, fermentation temperature starts immediately turning, turning every day later, make to pile temperature maintain all the time 35-50 ℃ totally 5 days, after solid fermentation starts, the pH of stacking yard can constantly rise, during each turning, with containing acid solution body, regulate water content and pH, make them maintain respectively 55-65% and 6.0-7.0, when stopping, fermentation with containing acid solution body, sprays again, until stacking yard pH is adjusted into 5.0 left and right, carry out again low temperature drying or natural airing, and then the peat composed of rotten mosses described in adding in proportion in fermentation product, night soil, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), urea, superphosphate, bacillus subtilis, fully stir evenly it is mixed, bacillus subtilis is expanded numerous in inside, when the C/N of matrix ratio is between 38～42, the matrix that can be used as soilless culture is used.
Adopt above-mentioned matrix to flying saucer melon soilless culture method, comprise the following steps:
(1) sterilizing of matrix is processed: before matrix is used, first in every cubic metre of matrix, be spilled into 2% pulverized limestone disinfection, and then spray 4% powder of carbendazim;
(2) transplanting of flying saucer melon plant: the flying saucer melon transplantation of seedlings of taking out at seedling rearing room is entered in the plastic big basin that back cut diameter is greater than 35cm, and after planting, matrix is from the basin mouth 7-9cm of place;
(3) pot water is processed: after go up basin, water, first on just, water the water of foot 100% during complete basin, prevent that firm water deficit in a plant of having transplanted is fading; Within later every 3-4 days, water once, it is 350-500ml that every basin waters the water yield at every turn, completely to irrigate and to be as the criterion;
(4) potted plant fertilizer treatment: 5 days every basins impose 200g Chicken dung before blooming, before bearing fruit, 4 days every basins impose quick-acting phosphoric acid potash fertilizer 100g and Chicken dung 100g.
Embodiment 2
A soilless culture substrate for flying saucer melon, comprises 530 parts of wheat stalks, 330 parts of straw stalks, 265 parts, cotton seed hulls powder, 135 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 270 parts of night soils, 50 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP)s, 28 parts, urea, 55 parts of superphosphate, 2 parts of bacillus subtilises.
Wheat stalk, straw stalk, cotton seed hulls powder carry out mixed culture fermentation according to described ratio: first by wheat stalk, the chopping of straw stalk, length is less than 4 centimetres, then described peanut hull meal is mixed to mixed processing, standby with water infiltration, at stalk, pile rotten the last week, add compost bacterium to expand in chicken manure numerous, 2 meters of the bottom width of stalk heap, length is not limit, if the water that stalk infiltrates is not enough, spray again appropriate water, with with the hand-tight stalk of holding, between webs, there is water to be extruded as degree, plastic covering film starts fermentation, when rising to 50 ℃, fermentation temperature starts immediately turning, turning every day later, make to pile temperature maintain all the time 35-50 ℃ totally 5 days, after solid fermentation starts, the pH of stacking yard can constantly rise, during each turning, with containing acid solution body, regulate water content and pH, make them maintain respectively 55-65% and 6.0-7.0, when stopping, fermentation with containing acid solution body, sprays again, until stacking yard pH is adjusted into 5.0 left and right, carry out again low temperature drying or natural airing, and then the peat composed of rotten mosses described in adding in proportion in fermentation product, night soil, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), urea, superphosphate, bacillus subtilis, fully stir evenly it is mixed, bacillus subtilis is expanded numerous in inside, when the C/N of matrix ratio is between 38～42, the matrix that can be used as soilless culture is used.
Adopt above-mentioned matrix to flying saucer melon soilless culture method, comprise the following steps:
(1) sterilizing of matrix is processed: before matrix is used, first in every cubic metre of matrix, be spilled into 3% pulverized limestone disinfection, and then spray 3% powder of carbendazim;
(2) transplanting of flying saucer melon plant: the flying saucer melon transplantation of seedlings of taking out at seedling rearing room is entered in the plastic big basin that back cut diameter is greater than 35cm, and after planting, matrix is from the basin mouth 7-9cm of place;
(3) pot water is processed: after go up basin, water, first on just, water the water of foot 100% during complete basin, prevent that firm water deficit in a plant of having transplanted is fading; Within later every 3-4 days, water once, it is 350-500ml that every basin waters the water yield at every turn, completely to irrigate and to be as the criterion;
(4) potted plant fertilizer treatment: 8 days every basins impose 225g Chicken dung before blooming, before bearing fruit, 6 days every basins impose quick-acting phosphoric acid potash fertilizer 125g and Chicken dung 75g.
Embodiment 3
A soilless culture substrate for flying saucer melon, comprises 550 parts of wheat stalks, 360 parts of straw stalks, 280 parts, cotton seed hulls powder, 150 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 300 parts of night soils, 55 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP)s, 35 parts, urea, 60 parts of superphosphate, 3 parts of bacillus subtilises.
Wheat stalk, straw stalk, cotton seed hulls powder carry out mixed culture fermentation according to described ratio: first by wheat stalk, the chopping of straw stalk, length is less than 4 centimetres, then described peanut hull meal is mixed to mixed processing, standby with water infiltration, at stalk, pile rotten the last week, add compost bacterium to expand in chicken manure numerous, 2 meters of the bottom width of stalk heap, length is not limit, if the water that stalk infiltrates is not enough, spray again appropriate water, with with the hand-tight stalk of holding, between webs, there is water to be extruded as degree, plastic covering film starts fermentation, when rising to 50 ℃, fermentation temperature starts immediately turning, turning every day later, make to pile temperature maintain all the time 35-50 ℃ totally 5 days, after solid fermentation starts, the pH of stacking yard can constantly rise, during each turning, with containing acid solution body, regulate water content and pH, make them maintain respectively 55-65% and 6.0-7.0, when stopping, fermentation with containing acid solution body, sprays again, until stacking yard pH is adjusted into 5.0 left and right, carry out again low temperature drying or natural airing, and then the peat composed of rotten mosses described in adding in proportion in fermentation product, night soil, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), urea, superphosphate, bacillus subtilis, fully stir evenly it is mixed, bacillus subtilis is expanded numerous in inside, when the C/N of matrix ratio is between 38～42, the matrix that can be used as soilless culture is used.
Adopt above-mentioned matrix to flying saucer melon soilless culture method, comprise the following steps:
(1) sterilizing of matrix is processed: before matrix is used, first in every cubic metre of matrix, be spilled into 4% pulverized limestone disinfection, and then spray 2% powder of carbendazim;
(2) transplanting of flying saucer melon plant: the flying saucer melon transplantation of seedlings of taking out at seedling rearing room is entered in the plastic big basin that back cut diameter is greater than 35cm, and after planting, matrix is from the basin mouth 7-9cm of place;
(3) pot water is processed: after go up basin, water, first on just, water the water of foot 100% during complete basin, prevent that firm water deficit in a plant of having transplanted is fading; Within later every 3-4 days, water once, it is 350-500ml that every basin waters the water yield at every turn, completely to irrigate and to be as the criterion;
(4) potted plant fertilizer treatment: 10 days every basins impose 250g Chicken dung before blooming, before bearing fruit, 8 days every basins impose quick-acting phosphoric acid potash fertilizer 150g and Chicken dung 50g.
Routine there is is the potted plant flying saucer melon (CK) of soil compare with the soilless culture flying saucer melon in the present invention, in Table 1:
Table 1 soilless culture is grown on flying saucer melon and the impact of quality
| Process | Fruiting rate (%) | Individual plant average yield (kg) | VC content (mg/kg) |
| CK | 81 | 7.78 | 321 |
| Embodiment 1 | 86 | 8.65 | 356 |
| Embodiment 2 | 92 | 9.37 | 345 |
| Embodiment 3 | 90 | 9.21 | 365 |
From table 1, contrast and can find out, flying saucer melon fruiting rate and the output of soilless culture are all improved, and the quality of the flying saucer melon of soilless culture also has greatly improved, and mouthfeel is better.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a flying saucer melon soilless culture method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) sterilizing of matrix is processed: before matrix is used, first in every cubic metre of matrix, be spilled into the pulverized limestone disinfection of 2-4%, and then spray the powder of carbendazim of 2-4%;
(2) transplanting of flying saucer melon plant: the flying saucer melon transplantation of seedlings of taking out at seedling rearing room is entered in the plastic big basin that back cut diameter is greater than 35cm, and after planting, matrix is from the basin mouth 7-9cm of place;
(3) pot water is processed: after go up basin, water, first on just, water the water of foot 100% during complete basin, prevent that firm water deficit in a plant of having transplanted is fading; Within later every 3-4 days, water once, it is 350-500ml that every basin waters the water yield at every turn, completely to irrigate and to be as the criterion;
(4) potted plant fertilizer treatment: 5-10 days every basins impose 200-250g Chicken dung before blooming, before bearing fruit, 4-8 days every basins impose quick-acting phosphoric acid potash fertilizer 100-150g and Chicken dung 50-100g.
2. flying saucer melon soilless culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described matrix comprises wheat stalk 500-550 part, straw stalk 300-360 part, cotton seed hulls powder 250-280 part, peat composed of rotten mosses 120-150 part, night soil 240-300 part, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 45-55 part, urea 20-35 part, superphosphate 50-60 part, bacillus subtilis 1-3 part.
3. flying saucer melon soilless culture method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described wheat stalk, straw stalk, cotton seed hulls powder carry out mixed culture fermentation according to described ratio: first by wheat stalk, the chopping of straw stalk, length is less than 4 centimetres, then described peanut hull meal is mixed to mixed processing, standby with water infiltration, at stalk, pile rotten the last week, add described night soil, and it is numerous to add compost bacterium to expand in chicken manure, 2 meters of the bottom width of stalk heap, length is not limit, if the water that stalk infiltrates is not enough, spray again appropriate water, with with the hand-tight stalk of holding, between webs, there is water to be extruded as degree, plastic covering film starts fermentation, when rising to 50 ℃, fermentation temperature starts immediately turning, turning every day later, make to pile temperature maintain all the time 35-50 ℃ totally 5 days, after solid fermentation starts, the pH of stacking yard can constantly rise, during each turning, with containing acid solution body, regulate water content and pH, make them maintain respectively 55-65% and 6.0-7.0, when stopping, fermentation with containing acid solution body, sprays again, until stacking yard pH is adjusted into 5.0 left and right, carry out again low temperature drying or natural airing, and then the peat composed of rotten mosses described in adding in proportion in fermentation product, night soil, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), urea, superphosphate, bacillus subtilis, fully stir evenly it is mixed, bacillus subtilis is expanded numerous in inside, when the C/N of matrix ratio is between 38～42, the matrix that can be used as soilless culture is used.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN105272611A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-27 | 赤峰蒙鼎生物科技有限公司 | Formula and production method of culture substrate for horticultural crops |
| CN107082697A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-08-22 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of vegetables nursery matrix and utilize its vegetables method for culturing seedlings |
| CN107129401A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-09-05 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of seedling medium and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20140226 |