CN103597540B - 个人音频设备中耳朵耦合检测以及噪声消除中的自适应响应的调节 - Google Patents

个人音频设备中耳朵耦合检测以及噪声消除中的自适应响应的调节 Download PDF

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CN103597540B
CN103597540B CN201280027237.8A CN201280027237A CN103597540B CN 103597540 B CN103597540 B CN 103597540B CN 201280027237 A CN201280027237 A CN 201280027237A CN 103597540 B CN103597540 B CN 103597540B
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阿里·阿卜杜拉扎德米拉尼
G·D·卡马斯
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    • G10K11/1783—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase handling or detecting of non-standard events or conditions, e.g. changing operating modes under specific operating conditions
    • G10K11/17833—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase handling or detecting of non-standard events or conditions, e.g. changing operating modes under specific operating conditions by using a self-diagnostic function or a malfunction prevention function, e.g. detecting abnormal output levels
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    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17879—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal
    • G10K11/17881—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal the reference signal being an acoustic signal, e.g. recorded with a microphone
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    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups

Abstract

一种个人音频设备例如无线电话，包括自适应噪声消除（ANC）电路，该电路自适应地从参考麦克风信号产生抗噪信号并且输入抗噪信号到扬声器或者其它换能器输出以导致消除周围音频声音。还提供了临近于扬声器的参考麦克风以估计从噪声消除电路到换能器的电声路径。处理电路确定用户耳朵与换能器之间的耦合度并且调节周围声音的自适应噪声消除以防止如果耦合度在低于或高于正常操作的耳接触压力时，抗噪信号生成的错误和可能的扰乱。

Description

个人音频设备中耳朵耦合检测以及噪声消除中的自适应响应 的调节
技术领域
本发明主要涉及包含自适应噪声消除(ANC)的个人音频设备例如无线电话，并且更具体地，涉及个人音频设备中ANC的管理，该ANC管理响应于个人音频设备的输出换能器到用户耳朵的耦合质量。
背景技术
无线电话例如移动/便携电话、无绳电话，以及其他消费语音设备例如mp3播放器，被广泛使用。这些设备的清晰度相关的性能可以通过提供噪声消除而改进，噪声消除使用麦克风测量周围声音事件并且然后使用信号处理将抗噪信号插入到设备的输出以消除周围的声音事件。
由于个人音频设备例如无线电话的周围的声音环境，取决于存在的噪声源以及设备本身的位置，可以剧烈变化，所以需要调适噪声消除以考虑这些环境变化。然而，自适应噪声消除系统的性能随着用于产生包括噪声消除信息的输出音频的换能器耦合于用户耳朵的紧密程度而变化。
因此，需要提供一种包括无线电话的个人音频设备，该个人音频设备在变化的声音环境中提供噪声消除并且能够补偿输出换能器以及用户耳朵之间的耦合质量。
发明内容
上述目标提供了能够在变化的声音环境中消除噪声并且补偿输出换能器以及用户耳朵之间的耦合质量的个人音频设备，该目标通过在一种个人音频设备，操作方法以及集成电路实现。
该个人音频设备，包括壳体，该壳体具有安装在壳体上的换能器，该换能器用于重现音频信号，该音频信号包括重放给听者的音频源以及用于补偿换能器声音输出中的周围音频声音影响的抗噪信号。参考麦克风被安装在壳体上，用于提供指示周围音频声音的参考麦克风信号。该个人音频设备进一步包括壳体内的自适应噪声消除(ANC)处理电路，该处理电路用于从参考麦克风信号中自适应地产生抗噪信号，从而该抗噪信号导致周围音频声音的大量消除。还包括误差麦克风，以修正从处理电路的输出到换能器的电声路径并且确定用户耳朵和换能器之间的耦合度；并且使用次级路径估计自适应滤波器用于修正误差麦克风信号由于换能器到误差麦克风的声音路径导致的改变。该ANC处理电路监控次级自适应滤波器的响应以及可选地误差麦克风信号以确定用户耳朵和个人音频设备之间的压力。ANC电路然后采取措施以防止由于电话远离用户耳朵(松散的耦合)或者过于紧压用户耳朵而不需要地/错误地产生抗噪信号。
如附图中所描述的，从下述的对于本发明的优选实施例的具体描述，本发明前述以及其他的目标、特征以及优点将是十分清楚的。
附图说明
图1是依据本发明的实施例的无线电话10的示意图。
图2是依据本发明的实施例的无线电话10内的电路的框图。
图3是依据本发明的实施例的框图，描述了图2的编解码器集成电路20的ANC电路30内的信号处理电路以及功能模块。
图4是用户耳朵(换能器密封质量)以及无线电话10之间的压力与次级路径响应估计SE(z)的全部能量之间关系的图示。
图5是用于用户耳朵以及无线电话10之间不同程度压力的次级路径响应估计SE(z)的频率响应的图示。
图6是描述依据本发明的实施例的方法的流程图。
图7是依据本发明的实施例的框图，描述了集成电路内信号处理电路以及功能模块。
具体实施方式
本发明包括能够用于例如无线电话这样的个人音频设备中的噪声消除技术以及电路。个人音频设备包括自适应噪声消除(ANC)电路，该ANC电路用于测量周围声音环境并且产生一个信号，该信号被输入到扬声器(或者其它换能器)输出以消除周围声音事件。提供了一个参考麦克风以测量周围声音环境并且引入一个误差麦克风以测量周围音频以及换能器的输出，从而给出了噪声消除的有效性的指示。然而，取决于用户的耳朵以及个人音频设备之间的接触压力，该ANC电路可能运行不正常并且抗噪可能是无效的甚至可能恶化传送给用户的声音信息的能听度。本发明提供了确定设备和用户耳朵之间的接触压力水平并对ANC电路采取行动以避免不需要的响应的技术。
现在参照图1，根据本发明示出的一个实施例，无线电话10靠近人耳5。所示出的无线电话10是依据本发明实施例可以使用其技术的设备的一个示例，但是需要知道的是，不是无线电话10中所有的元件或者构造，或者后续说明中的电路，都是用于实施权利要求书所述的发明所必需的。无线电话10包括换能器例如扬声器SPKR，该换能器用于重现无线电话10所接收的远处语音以及其它本地的声音事件例如铃声、恢复音频项目材料、近端语音输入(例如无线电话10用户的语音)以提供平衡的会话感，以及其它需要声音无线电话10重现的声音，例如来自无线电话10接收的网页或者其它网络交互源的声音，以及语音提示例如低电量以及其它系统事件通知。近端麦克风NS被提供以捕捉近端语音，该语音被从无线电话10传输到其他会话参与者。
无线电话10包括自适应噪声消除(ANC)电路以及用于输入抗噪信号到扬声器SPKR的特征，以提高扬声器SPKR重现的远处语音以及其它语音的清晰度。参考麦克风R被提供用于测量周围声音环境，并且被放置在远离用户嘴巴的典型位置，从而近端语音在参考麦克风R产生的信号中被最小化。当无线电话10靠近于耳朵5时，第3个麦克风，即误差麦克风E，通过提供将周围声音环境与临近耳朵5的麦克风SPKR合成的检测，被提供用于进一步改进ANC操作。在无线电话10内的示范电路14包括音频编解码器集成电路20,该音频编解码器接收来自参考麦克风R近语音麦克风NS以及误差麦克风E的信号，并且与其它集成电路(例如包含无线电话收发器的RF集成电路12)交互。在本发明的其它实施例中，这里公开的电路和技术可以并入到单一的包含控制电路以及其它的功能的集成电路以用于实施个人语音设备的整体功能，例如单芯片播放器(player-on-a-chip)集成电路的MP3。
通常，本发明的ANC技术检测影响参考麦克风R的周围声音事件(相对于扬声器SPKR的输出和/或近端语音)，并且也通过影响误差麦克风E的同样的周围声音事件，所示无线电话10的ANC处理电路通过调适由参考麦克风R输出产生的抗噪信号以形成一个特性，该特性最小化了呈现在误差麦克风E的周围声音事件信号的幅度。由于声音路径P(z)从参考麦克风R延伸到误差麦克风，ANC电路实质上评估了与电声路径S(z)的消除效应合并的声音路径P(z)。电声路径S(z)表示编解码器集成电路20的音频输出电路的响应以及在特定的音频环境中包括扬声器SPKR与误差麦克风E之间的耦合的扬声器SPKR的声/电转换功能。S(z)在无线电话机没有牢固地压牢耳朵5时，被耳朵5的周围和结构以及可能靠近无线电话10的其他物理对象以及人的头部结构影响。虽然所示的无线电话机10包括具有第三近语音麦克风NS的双麦克风ANC系统，据本发明的其它实施例，本发明的某些方面可以在不包括独立的误差和参考麦克风的系统中实施，或者本发明其它实施例中无线电话机使用近语音麦克风NS执行参考麦克风R的功能。同样，在只用于音频重放的个人音频设备中，通常不包括近语音麦克风NS，并且在电路中的近语音信号路径在下面的详述中可以忽略，而没有改变本发明的范围，而不是仅限于提供用于麦克风输入检测方案的选择。
现在参看图2，在无线电话10内的电路如框图所示。编解码器集成电路20包括模数字转换器(ADC)21A用于接收参考麦克风信号和生成参考麦克风信号的数字表示ref，模数字转换器21B用于接收误差麦克风信号并且生成误差麦克风信号的数字表示err，以及模数字转换器21C用于接收近语音麦克风信号并且生成误差麦克风信号的数字表示ns。编解码器集成电路20生成用于从放大器A1驱动扬声器SPKR的输出，该放大器A1放大数模转换器(DAC)23的输出，该数模转换器(DAC)23接收合成器26的输出。合成器26合成来自内部音频源24的音频信号、ANC电路30产生的抗噪信号(其通常具有与参考麦克风信号ref中的噪声同样的极性，并且因此被合成器26扣除)、近端语音信号ns的部分(以便无线电话10的用户听到适当比例于下行语音ds的自己的声音，该下行语音ds被从射频(RF)集成电路22接收并且同样被合成器26合成)。近语音信号ns也被提供给射频(RF)集成电路22，并作为上行语音通过天线ANT被发送到服务提供商。
现在参看图3，根据本发明的一个实施例示出ANC电路30的详情。自适应滤波器(其输出被合成器36B合成)由具有响应WFIXED(z)的固定滤波器32A和具有响应WADAPT(z)自适应部32B组成，该自适应滤波器接收参考麦克风信号ref并且在理想的情况下，调整其传递函数W(z)＝WFIXED(z)+WADAPT(z)以生成抗噪声信号，该抗噪信号被提供给输出合成器，该输出合成器将抗噪信号与换能器重现的音频合成，例如图2中示例的合成器26。W(z)的响应适应于估计P(z)/S(z)，是理想的操作条件下的抗噪信号的理想响应。由于用户的耳朵和无线电话10之间的密封不足导致抗噪声信号被预期是无效或错误时，可控放大器电路A1在特定非理想条件下将抗噪信号静音或衰减在下面进一步地描述。自适应滤波器32B的系数由W系数控制模块31控制，该W系数控制模块使用两个信号的关联来确定自适应滤波器32B的响应，其通常在最小均方根意义上最小化出现在误差麦克风信号err中的参考麦克风信号ref的分量之间的误差能量。W系数控制模块31所比较的信号是由滤波器34B提供的响应路径S(z)的估计SECOPY(z)的副本整形的参考麦克风信号ref，以及通过从误差麦克风信号err扣除下行音频信号ds的修改部分而形成的误差信号e(n)。通过使用响应路径S(z)的估计副本－估计SECOPY(z)，转化参考麦克风信号ref，并且通过调适自适应滤波器32B以将所得的信号和所述误差麦克风信号err之间的关联最小化，自适应滤波器32B适应于P(z)/S(z)-WFIXED(z)的期望响应，并且因此响应W(z)适应于P(z)/S(z)，从而在噪声消除误差中其是理想白噪声。正如上文所述，被W系数控制模块31用于与滤波器34B的输出相比较的信号，叠加到误差麦克风信号已经被滤波响应SE(z)处理过的下行音频信号ds的反向量，其中响应SECOPY(z)是一个副本。通过输入下行音频信号ds的反向量，防止自适应滤波器32B适应于误差麦克风信号err中存在的相对大量的下行音频，并且通过用响应路径S(z)的估计转换下行音频信号ds的反向副本，在比较前被从误差麦克风信号err中消除的下行音频应当匹配重现在误差麦克风信号err上的下行音频信号ds的期望版本，因为S(z)电学和声学路径是从下行音频信号ds开始到达误差麦克风E的路径。滤波器34B本身不是自适应滤波器，但其具有可调节的响应，该响应被调谐到匹配自适应滤波器34A的响应，从而使滤波器34B的响应跟踪自适应滤波器34A的调适。
为了实现上述，自适应滤波器34A具有由SE系数控制模块33控制的系数，该自适应滤波器34A在消除上述被滤波的下行音频信号ds后，比较下行音频信号ds和的误差麦克风信号err，该被滤波的下行音频信号ds已经被自适应滤波器34A滤波以表示预期的被传送到误差麦克风E的下行音频，并且被合成器36A从自适应滤波器34A的输出中消除。SE系数控制模块33将实际下行语音信号ds与存在于误差麦克风信号err内的下行音频信号ds的分量关联。自适应滤波器34A从而被调适以产生来自下行音频信号ds的信号(并且可选地，抗噪信号在如上面所述的静音的情况下被合成器36B合成)，当该信号从误差麦克风信号err扣除时，该信号包含不是来自下行音频信号ds的误差麦克风信号err的内容。如将要在下面进一步详细描述的，规范化到响应SE(z)的全部能量的误差信号的全部能量，与用户的耳朵和无线电话机10之间的密封质量相关。耳压指示器计算模块37确定E|e(n)|(其是由合成器36产生的误差信号的能量)以及SE(z):Σ|SEn(z)|的响应的全部强度之间的比例。耳压指示E|e(n)|/Σ|SEn(z)|只是用于产生耳压测量的一种e(n)和SEn(z)的可能的方程。例如，Σ|SEn(z)|或者ΣSEn(z)2是这些只有SE(z)的方程也可以可选地被使用，因为响应SE(z)随着耳压变化。比较器K1将计算模块37的输出与低压阈值VthL比较。如果E|e(n)|/Σ|SEn(z)|的值高于阈值，表示耳压在是在正常操作范围之下的(例如，无线电话10是离开用户的耳朵)，然后耳朵压力响应逻辑发出信号以采取行动以防止在用户耳朵5产生不需要的抗噪。类似地，比较器K2，将计算模块的输出与高压阈值VthH比较，并且如果E|e(n)|/Σ|SEn(z)|的值低于阈值，表示耳压是在正常操作范围之上的(例如，无线电话10是太牢固地压在用户的耳朵)，然后耳压响应逻辑发出信号以采取行动以防止在用户耳朵5产生不需要的抗噪。
现在参照图4，显示了响应SE(z)的全部强度Σ|SEn(z)对比于在无线电话机10与用户耳朵之间的牛顿压力的关系。如所示出的，随着无线电话10和用户耳朵5之间压力的增加，响应SE(z)的强度增加，其表示改进的电声路径S(z)，该电声路径S(z)是如上所述扬声器SPKR和误差麦克风E之间耦合度的测量，并且因此是用户耳朵5和扬声器SPKR之间的耦合度。当响应SE(z)的强度提高时，表示用户耳朵5和扬声器SPKR之间的更高的耦合度，并且反之，当响应SE(z)的强度降低时，表示用户耳朵和扬声器SPKR之间的较低的耦合度。由于自适应滤波器32B适应于所期望的响应P(z)/S(z)，当耳朵压力增加并且响应SE(z)能量增大，只需要较少的抗噪并且因此产生较少的抗噪。相反，随着耳朵和无线电话10之间的压力降低，抗噪信号将增大能量并且可能不适合使用，因为用户耳朵不再很好地匹配到换能器SPKR和误差麦克风E。
现在参看图5，用于不同级别的耳朵压力的响应SE(z)随频率变化，如图所示。如在图4中示出，随着无线电话10和用户耳朵5之间压力的增加，响应SE(z)的增加强度在曲线图的中间频率范围，其对应于语音中大部分能量所在位置的频率。图4-5中描绘的图由个人无线电话的设计确定，该设计使用允许调整头部与无线电话10之间的接触压力的计算机模型或者模拟用户的头部模型，还可以具有位于模拟耳道中的测量麦克风。一般情况，只有当用户耳朵5、换能器SPKR和误差麦克风E.之间耦合在合理的程度时，ANC才能正常运行。由于换能器SPKR将只能产生一定量的输出级别，例如在封闭的腔体中80分贝声压级，一旦无线电话10不再接触用户耳朵5，噪声信号通常是无效的并且在许多情况下应该是静音的。在这种情况下，下限阈值可以是，例如SE(z)响应表示为4N或更小的耳朵压力。在压力变化范围的相反端上，用户的耳朵5和无线电话机10之间的紧压接触提供了更高频的能量(例如，从2kHZ到5kHz)的衰减，由于响应W(z)不再能够适应于更高频的衰减条件，其可以导致噪声提高，并且当耳朵的压力增加时，抗噪信号不适应于消除较高频率的能量。为此，响应WADAPT(z)应该被复位到预先确定的值并且响应WADAPT(z)的自适应被冻结，即，系数响应WADAPT(z)维持恒定在预先确定的值。在这种情况下，上限阈值可以是，例如响应SE(z)表示耳压为15N或更大。另外，抗噪信号的全部水平可以被衰减，或自适应滤波器32B的响应WADAPT(z)的泄漏增加。通过使得响应WADAPT(z)的系数返回平坦的频率响应，提供了自适应滤波器32B的响应WADAPT(z)的泄漏(或者可替换地，一个固定的频率响应，例如，实现只有单一自适应滤波级，而WFIXED(z)不提供预定响应)。
当图3的电路中的比较器K1指示用户耳朵和无线电话之间的耦合度减小到低于一个下限阈值，指示低于正常工作范围的耦合度，以下操作将被耳压响应逻辑38采用：
1)停止W系数控制31的自适应；
2)通过禁用放大器A1将抗噪信号静音
当图3的电路中的比较器K2指示用户耳朵和无线电话之间的耦合度已被增大到高于一个上限阈值，指示高于正常工作范围的耦合度，以下操作将被耳压响应逻辑38采用：
1)增加W系数控制31的泄漏或复位响应WADAPT(z)并且冻结响应WADAPT(z)的自适应。作为替代，计算模块37所产生的值可以是不同耳压水平的多值的或连续的指示，并且上述操作可以被替换，通过使用衰减因子到抗噪信号使得与耳压水平一致，从而当耳压超过正常操作范围时，抗噪信号水平同样被通过降低放大器A1的增益而减弱。在本发明的一个实施例中，固定滤波器32A的响应WFIXED(z)被训练用于最大耳压，即设置为用于最大水平耳压(完全地密封)的合适响应。然后，自适应滤波器32B的自适应响应，响应WADAPT(z),被允许随着耳压改变而变化，达到与耳朵接触的是最小的点(无密封)，该点上响应W(z)的调适被停止并且抗噪信号被静音，或在耳朵上的压力超过最大压力，在该点响应WADAPT(z)被复位并且响应WADAPT(z)的自适应被冻结时，或泄漏被增加。
现在参看图6，依据本发明的实施例的方法使用流程图描绘。耳压的指示由误差麦克风信号和响应SE(z)系数计算，如上述(步骤70)。如果耳压小于低阈值(判断72)，则无线电话是处于离耳条件下并且ANC系统停止调适响应W(z)并且将抗噪信号静音(步骤74)。或者，如果耳压是高于高阈值(判断76)，则无线电话10是紧压到用户耳朵并且响应W(z)的泄露增加或者响应W(z)的自适应部被复位并且冻结(步骤78)。否则，如果耳压指示在正常的工作范围(判断72和判断76都是“不”)，响应W(z)适应于周围声音环境并且抗噪信号被输出(步骤80)。直到ANC方案被终止或关闭无线电话10(判断82)，步骤70-82的过程是反复的。
现在参看图7，显示了ANC系统的框图用于说明按照本发明实施例的ANC技术，如能够在编解码器集成电路20内实现。参考麦克风信号ref被Δ-ΣADC41A生成，该Δ-ΣADC41A操作在64倍过采样并且其输出由抽取器(decimator)42A的2因子抽取以产生32倍过采样信号。Δ-Σ整形器43A将图像能量扩展传播波段以外，在其中一对平行的滤波级44A和44B的合成响应将具有显著的响应。滤波级44B具有固定的响应WFIXED(z)，该响应WFIXED(z)通常被预先确定以在P(z)/S(z)的估计上提供起始点，用于特定用户的无线电话10的特定设计。P(z)/S(z)的估计响应的自适应部WADAPT(z)被自适应滤波级44A提供，该自适应滤波级44A被泄露(leaky)最小均方算法(LMS)系数控制器54A所控制。该泄露(leaky)最小均方算法(LMS)系数控制器54A是泄露的，由于当没有误差输入被提供以使泄露最小均方算法(LMS)系数控制器54A调适时，响应规范化到平整或者其它预定的响应。提供泄露控制器防止可能出现在一定的环境条件下的长期不稳定，并且通常使系统应对ANC响应的特定敏感度更加健壮。如图3的系统中，耳压检测电路60检测到当耳压指示值不是在正常工作范围时，采取行动防止抗噪信号被输出，并且防止自适应滤波器44A调适到不正确的响应(离耳)状态或者增加自适应滤波器44A泄露或将自适应滤波器44A复位到预先确定的响应(压紧到耳上)并且冻结调适。
在图7中所描绘的系统中，所述参考麦克风信号被路径S(z)的响应的估计的副本SECOPY(z)滤波，被具有响应SECOPY(z)的滤波器51滤波，其输出被抽取器(decimator)52A的32因子抽取以生成基带音频信号，该信号被通过无限脉冲响应(IIR)滤波器53A提供给泄露LMS54A。滤波器51本身不是自适应滤波器，但其具有可调节的响应，该响应被调谐到匹配滤波级55A和55B的合成响应，从而使滤波器51的响应跟踪响应SE(z)的调适。误差麦克风信号err由Δ-ΣADC41C产生，Δ-ΣADC41C操作于64倍过采样并且其输出由抽取器42B的2因子抽取产生32倍过采样信号。如图3中系统，已被自适应滤波器使用响应S(z)滤波的下行音频ds中的大部分被46C从误差麦克风信号err中消除，其输出由抽取器(decimator)53C通过因子32抽取以生成基带音频信号，该信号被通过无限脉冲响应(IIR)滤波器53B提供到泄露LMS54A。响应S(z)被另一平行滤波级组55A和55B产生，其中一个滤波级55B具有固定响应SEFIXED(z)，并且另外一个滤波级55A具有由泄露LMS系数控制器54B控制的自适应响应SEADAPT(z)。滤波器级55A和55B的输出由合成器46E合成。类似上述响应滤波器W(z)的实施，响应SEFIXED(z)通常是已知的预定响应以提供在各种工作条件下用于电/声路径S(z)的适当起点。滤波器51是自适应滤波器55A/55B的副本，但其本身并不是自适应滤波器，即，滤波器51不单独适应于响应其本身的输出，并且滤波器51可以使用单级或双级实现。在图7的系统中提供了单独的控制值以控制滤波器51的响应，其中作为单级自适应滤波器级显示。然而，滤波器51通过可选地使用两个平行极被实现，并且用于控制自适应滤波级55A的相同控制值也可以用于控制滤波器51方案中的可调滤波部。泄露LMS控制模块54B的输入同样是在基带上，通过抽取合成器46H产生的下行音频信号ds和内部音频ia的合成而提供，该抽取由抽取器52B通过因子32抽取，并且另外一个输入由合成器46C的输出抽取，该输出已经消除由合成器46E合成的自适应滤波级55A和滤波级55B的输出而产生的信号。合成器46C的输出表示具有由于消除了下行音频信号ds的分量的误差麦克风信号err，该输出在被抽取器52C抽取后被提供到LMS控制模块54B。LMS控制模块54B的另一个输入是由抽取器52B产生的基带信号。
基带和过采样信号的上述设置，提供用于简化控制并且减少自适应控制模块的消耗功率，如泄露LMS控制器54A和54B，同时提供在过采样率上实施自适应滤波器级44A-44B，55A-55B以及过滤器51产生的分接头灵活性。图7的系统的其余部分包括合成器46H，其将下行音频ds与内部音频ia合成，其输出被提供给合成器46D的输入，该合成器46D增加由Σ-ΔADC41B产生并且由侧音衰减器(attenuator)56滤波的近端麦克风信号ns以防止反馈条件。46D合成器的输出由Σ-Δ整形器43B整形，该Σ-Δ整形器43B提供输入到滤波级55A和55B，该输出已经被整形以转换图像到频段之外，在其中滤波器级55A和55B将有显著的响应。
依据本发明的实施例，合成器46D的输出同样与已被控制链处理过的自适应滤波器级44A-44B的输出合成，该控制链包括用于每个滤波级的响应硬静音模块(hard muteblock)45A、45B，合成响应硬静音模块45A、45B输出的合成器46A，软静音(soft mute)47以及还有软限制器(soft limiter)48以产生被合成器46B消除的抗噪信号，该合成器46B具有的合成器46D的输出源音频。合成器46B的输出由插值器49的因子2插值，并且然后被操作在64倍过采样率的Σ-ΔDAC50重现。DAC50的输出被提供给放大器A1，其产生传送到扬声器SPKR的信号。
图7系统中的每个或者部分单元，以及在图2和图3的示例性的电路中，可以直接使用逻辑电路，或由处理器例如数字信号处理(DSP)核心执行的程序指令实现，该程序指令执行例如自适应滤波和LMS系数计算操作。虽然DAC和ADC极通常专用混合信号电路实现，本发明的ANC系统的体系结构其本身将可以使用混合方式提供，例如，在该设计的高度过采样部分使用逻辑电路，同时程序代码或微码驱动(microcode-driven)的处理单元被选择用于更复杂但较低速率的操作：如计算自适应滤波器的分接头和/或响应所述耳压的检测变化。
虽然参考其优选实施例的描述具体示出了本发明，但是应当明白本领域的技术人员在其中可以作出上述的和其它的形式和细节的变化而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (30)

1.一种个人音频设备，包括：
个人音频设备壳体；
安装在壳体上的换能器，用于重现音频信号，该音频信号包括重放给听者的音频源以及用于对抗换能器声音输出中的周围音频声音影响的抗噪信号；
安装在壳体上的参考麦克风，用于提供指示周围音频声音的参考麦克风信号；
安装在壳体上靠近换能器的位置的误差麦克风，用于提供指示换能器声音输出的误差麦克风信号；
执行第一自适应滤波器的处理电路，该自适应滤波器具有整形抗噪信号以减小听者听到的周围音频声音的响应；其中，所述第一自适应滤波器滤波所述参考麦克风信号以产生所述抗噪信号，其中所述处理电路执行具有整形所述音频源的次级路径响应的次级路径自适应滤波器，和从所述误差麦克风信号中去除所述整形后音频源的合成器，以提供指示合成传送到听者的所述抗噪信号和周围音频声音的误差信号，其中所述处理电路调适所述第一自适应滤波器的响应以减小所述误差信号，其特征在于：
其中所述处理电路至少部分从所述次级路径响应的至少一个系数计算确定所述换能器和听者的耳朵之间的耦合度，其中所述处理电路将所述耦合度与预定阈值相比较，并响应于所述耦合度超过所述预定阈值，改变所述第一自适应滤波器的响应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的个人音频设备，其中所述预定阈值是上限，并且其中所述处理电路响应于确定所述耦合度大于所述上限，通过强制将所述第一自适应滤波器的响应改变到预定的响应而改变所述第一自适应滤波器的响应。
3.根据权利要求2的个人音频设备，其中当耦合度大于所述上限时，所述预定的响应是被训练以消除听者所听到的周围音频声音的响应。
4.根据权利要求2所述的个人音频设备，其中，所述第一自适应滤波器的响应的自适应控制具有泄漏特性，该泄露特性恢复所述第一自适应滤波器的响应到控制所述第一自适应滤波器的响应的恢复速率的可调变化率的预定响应，并且，其中所述处理电路响应于确定耦合度是大于所述上限，增大可调变化率。
5.根据权利要求1所述的个人音频设备，其中所述预定阈值是下限，并且其中所述处理电路响应于确定耦合度低于所述下限，将抗噪信号静音。
6.根据权利要求5所述的个人音频设备，其中，所述处理电路响应于确定耦合度低于所述下限，停止所述第一自适应滤波器的响应的调适。
7.根据权利要求5所述的个人音频设备，其中，所述处理电路进一步将所述耦合度与上限相比较并响应于确定所述耦合度大于所述上限，通过强制改变所述第一自适应滤波器的响应到预定的响应而改变所述第一自适应滤波器的响应；其中所述上限不同于和大于所述预定阀值，所述预定阀值是下限。
8.根据所述权利要求7的个人音频设备，其中，所述第一自适应滤波器的响应的自适应控制具有泄漏特性，该泄露特性恢复所述第一自适应滤波器的响应到可调变化率的预定响应，并且，其中处理电路响应于确定耦合度是大于所述上限，增大可调变化率。
9.根据权利要求1所述的个人音频设备，其中所述处理电路由被次级路径自适应滤波器的次级路径响应的峰值幅度的反向值加权的误差信号幅度，确定换能器和听者耳朵之间的耦合度，其中被次级路径自适应滤波器的次级路径响应的峰值幅度的反向值加权的误差信号幅度的减小表示换能器和听者耳朵之间更大的耦合度。
10.根据权利要求1所述的个人音频装置，其中所述处理电路通过将次级路径自适应滤波器的次级路径响应的峰值幅度的表示与所述预定阈值比较，确定换能器和听者耳朵之间的耦合度，其中次级路径自适应滤波器的次级路径响应的峰值幅度的增加表示换能器和听者耳朵之间更大的耦合度。
11.一种消除个人音频设备换能器附近的周围音频声音的方法，该方法包括：
使用参考麦克风测量周围音频声音的第一测量；
使用误差麦克风测量换能器输出的第二测量；
自适应地从所述第一测量的结果中产生抗噪信号，用于通过调适第一自适应滤波器的响应对抗换能器声音输出中的周围音频声音效应，该第一自适应滤波器滤波参考麦克风的输出；
滤波所述参考麦克风信号以产生所述抗噪信号；
整形具有次级路径响应的音频源；
从所述误差麦克风信号中去除所述整形后的音频源，以提供指示合成传送给听者的抗噪信号和周围音频声音的误差信号；
调适所述第一自适应滤波器的响应以减小所述误差信号，
合成所述抗噪信号和音频源信号以产生音频信号提供给所述换能器；
至少部分从所述次级路径响应的至少一个系数计算确定所述换能器和听者耳朵之间的耦合度；
通过将所述耦合度与预定阈值相比较，检测所述耦合度的变化；以及
响应于所述耦合度超过所述预定阈值，改变所述第一自适应滤波器的响应。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述预定阈值是上限且其中所述改变响应于确定耦合度大于所述上限，通过强制改变所述第一自适应滤波器的响应到预定的响应而改变所述第一自适应滤波器的响应。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，响应于确定耦合度大于所述上限，所述预定的响应是被训练以消除听者听到的周围音频声音的响应。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述自适应滤波器的响应的自适应控制具有泄漏特性，该泄露特性恢复所述第一自适应滤波器的响应到控制所述第一自适应滤波器的响应的恢复速率的可调变化率的预定响应，并且，其中所述改变响应于确定耦合度是大于所述上限，增大可调变化率。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述预定阈值是下限，进一步包括，响应于确定耦合度低于所述下限，将所述抗噪信号静音。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中，所述改变响应于确定耦合度低于所述下限，停止所述第一自适应滤波器的响应的调适。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述比较将所述耦合度与上限相比较，其中所述上限不同于并大于所述预定阀值，且其中，所述改变响应于确定听者耳朵以及换能器以确定耦合度大于所述上限，通过强制改变所述第一自适应滤波器的响应到预定的响应而改变自适应滤波器的响应。
18.根据所述权利要求17的方法，其中，所述第一自适应滤波器的响应的自适应控制具有泄漏特性，该泄露特性恢复所述第一自适应滤波器的响应到可调变化率的预定响应，并且，其中所述改变响应于确定耦合度是大于所述上限，增大可调变化率。
19.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述确定由被次级路径自适应滤波器的次级路径响应的峰值幅度的反向值加权的误差信号幅度，确定换能器和听者耳朵之间的耦合度，其中被次级路径自适应滤波器的次级路径响应的峰值幅度的反向值加权的误差信号幅度的减小表示换能器和听者耳朵之间更大的耦合度。
20.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述确定依据次级路径自适应滤波器的次级路径响应的峰值幅度到达预定的阈值的表示，确定换能器和听者耳朵之间的耦合度的变化，其中次级路径自适应滤波器的次级路径响应的峰值幅度的增加表示换能器和听者耳朵之间更大的耦合度。
21.一种用于实施个人音频设备的至少一部分的集成电路，其包括：
输出，用于提供信号到换能器，所述信号包括重放给听者的音频源以及用于对抗换能器声音输出中的周围音频声音影响的抗噪信号；
参考麦克风输入，用于接收指示周围音频声音的参考麦克风信号
误差麦克风输入，用于接收指示换能器输出的误差麦克风信号；
以及执行自适应滤波器的处理电路，该自适应滤波器具有整形抗噪信号以减小听者听到的周围音频声音的响应；其中，所述第一自适应滤波器滤波所述参考麦克风信号以产生所述抗噪信号，其中所述处理电路执行具有次级路径响应的次级路径自适应滤波器，所述次级路径响应整形所述音频源，合成器将所述整形后音频源从所述误差麦克风信号中去除，以提供指示合成传送到听者的所述抗噪信号和周围音频声音的误差信号，其中所述处理电路调适所述第一自适应滤波器的响应以减小所述误差信号，其特征在于：
其中所述处理电路至少部分从所述次级路径响应的至少一个系数计算确定所述换能器和听者的耳朵之间的耦合度，其中所述处理电路将所述耦合度与预定阈值相比较，并响应于所述耦合度超过所述预定阈值，改变所述第一自适应滤波器的响应。
22.根据权利要求21所述的集成电路，其中所述预定阈值是上限且其中所述处理电路响应于确定耦合度大于所述上限，通过强制改变所述第一自适应滤波器的响应到预定的响应而改变所述第一自适应滤波器的响应。
23.根据权利要求22的集成电路，其中响应于确定耦合度大于所述上限，所述预定的响应是被训练以消除听者所到的周围音频声音的响应。
24.根据权利要求22所述的集成电路，其中所述第一自适应滤波器的响应的自适应控制具有泄漏特性，该泄露特性恢复第一自适应滤波器的响应到控制所述第一自适应滤波器的响应的恢复速率的可调变化率的预定响应，并且，其中处理电路响应于确定耦合度是大于所述上限，增大可调变化率。
25.根据权利要求24所述的集成电路，其中所述预定阈值是下限，并且其中所述处理电路响应于确定耦合度低于所述下限时，将所述抗噪信号静音。
26.根据权利要求25所述的集成电路，其中所述处理电路响应于确定耦合度低于所述下限，停止自适应滤波器的响应的调适。
27.根据权利要求25所述的集成电路，其中，所述处理电路进一步将所述耦合度与上限相比较并响应于确定所述耦合度大于所述上限，通过强制改变所述第一自适应滤波器的响应到预定的响应而改变所述第一自适应滤波器的响应；其中所述上限不同于和大于所述预定阀值。
28.根据所述权利要求27的集成电路，其中，所述第一自适应滤波器的响应的自适应控制具有泄漏特性，该泄露特性恢复所述第一自适应滤波器的响应到可调变化率的预定响应，并且，其中处理电路响应于确定耦合度是大于所述上限，增大可调变化率。
29.根据权利要求21所述的集成电路，其中处理电路根据误差信号幅度确定换能器和听者耳朵之间的耦合度，其中所述误差信号幅度被所述次级路径响应自适应滤波器的所述次级路径响应的峰值幅度的反向值加权，其中所述被所述次级路径自适应滤波器的所述次级路径响应的峰值的反向值加权的所述误差信号幅度的减小表示换能器和听者耳朵之间更大的耦合度。
30.根据权利要求21所述的集成电路，其中处理电路通过将次级路径自适应滤波器的次级路径响应的峰值幅度的表示与所述预定阈值比较，确定换能器和听者耳朵之间的耦合度，其中次级路径自适应滤波器的次级路径响应的峰值的增加表示换能器和听者耳朵之间更大的耦合度。
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