CN103563806A - Cultivation method capable of reducing stichopus japonicus disease and pest injuries with corrosion inhibition nanometer materials - Google Patents
Cultivation method capable of reducing stichopus japonicus disease and pest injuries with corrosion inhibition nanometer materials Download PDFInfo
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- 241000965254 Apostichopus japonicus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 113
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 241000205585 Aquilegia canadensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method capable of reducing stichopus japonicus disease and pest injuries with corrosion inhibition nanometer materials. The method includes the following steps that a stichopus japonicus cultivation pool and an adhesion base are constructed; according to the requirement for habits of the stichopus japonicus biology, the pool suitable for growth of stichopus japonicus is built up by combining with real conditions and stichopus japonicus offspring seeds are put; normally, large seeds with the density of more than 600 per kilogram are put according to the density of 10 per m<2> to 20 per m<2>, the larger the specifications are, the less the put amount per unit area is; a formula of the cast feed comprises, by weight, 20-25 parts of animal proteolysis article dry powder, 15-20 parts of meat and bone meal, 20-22 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of honeysuckle, 2-3 parts of medicated leaven, 3-5 parts of angelica sinensis, 2-3 parts of soya bean lecithin, 1-2 parts of alginate-derived oligosaccharide, 1-2 parts of vitamin C, 1-2 parts of spiral seaweed, 2-3 parts of hunmulus lupulus, 3-5 parts of tea saponin, 2-3 parts of common cnidium fruit, 3-4 parts of fructus ulmi and 1-2 parts of cortex pseudolaricis. The stichopus japonicus offspring seeds are managed. In winter, the depth of water in the pool is increased, changes of dissolved oxygen and a base material must be paid attention to and sea grass is prevented and controlled; in spring, when the temperature of the water in the pool goes up, firstly, the water goes rich, the transparency of the water is reduced and cultivation of the sea grass is controlled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for aquaculture, especially a kind of inhibition nano material that adopts reduces the cultural method that stichopus japonicus damage by disease and insect occurs.
Background technology
Sea cucumber is as a class precious marine product, plays an important role providing aspect food, medicine material, nutrition and health food.Stichopus japonicus (Apostichopus japonicus) is best, distribute the widest, a maximum kind of output of quality in domestic beche-de-mer, and it is coastal that its culturing area is mainly distributed in China Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong and Along North Jiangsu.In the 80's of 20th century, the artificial breeding technique of China stichopus japonicus has had breakthrough progress, has formed so far the more complete production technology system of a set of ratio.Apostichopus japonicus culture area constantly expands, and the apostichopus japonicus culture area in Shandong and Liaoning all surpasses 30,000 m2, and the output value is over 10,000,000,000 yuan.But in recent years, the problem such as the extensive disease of culturing stichopus japonicus, medicament residue and deterioration of variety constantly occurs.Seed problem is the key of stichopus japonicus industry sustainable and healthy development.Holothurian pond aquaculture development was rapid in recent years, but cultural technique level is uneven, and it is huge that cultured output differs, and most of pond culture output is very low, and some Yield Fish Culture Ponds per unit area yields reach 3000kg/hm
2above.Through to the summary of pool holothurian culture practical experience for many years, find that causing the reason of above-mentioned phenomenon is mainly that existing holothurian pond standard is low, cultural method is lack of standardization, scientific and reasonable feed formula is not popularized, do not had in many advanced technology measures.
Summary of the invention
One of object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of inhibition nano material that adopts reduces the cultural method that stichopus japonicus damage by disease and insect occurs, support the construction of ginseng pond and adherance: according to according to the biological habit requirement of stichopus japonicus, in conjunction with actual conditions, build the pond of suitable stichopus japonicus growth, by the form of artificial reefglider, meet stichopus japonicus to substrate requirement.Reefglider with the material of the good water permeability such as scallop cage, hollow brick, sunshade net, antipriming pipe for well.Reef reefglider local pollution weight, water exchange is poor, finds that boulder heap reefglider culturing time one is long in production, can not create best living environment for sea cucumber.The water quality physical and chemical index at water source will meet apostichopus japonicus culture water supply standard.Adherance can adopt: each heap stone adherance is all used the long-pending stone that is about 30cm*20cm*20 cm of 3 blocks to build into Chinese character pin-shaped, spacing between each adherance is 40cm, or 3 40cm* 35cm tiles are bundled into triangle with rope, it is 1 group that every 2 triangles are put together side by side, spacing between every group is that the plastic tube of 40cm or 4 long 40cm diameter 15cm is divided into 2 layers by rope, to be held together be 1 group, and the spacing between every group is also 40 cm; Keep the depth of water 30 c m left and right, with quicklime or bleaching powder, carry out the sterilization of full pond, quicklime consumption 150 kg/km
2~ 200 kg/km
2, bleaching powder 15kg/km
2, sterilization finishes, pond water inlet, and water quality transparency is too large, and the fertilizer rich water of available inorganic fertilizer or fermentation is cultivated the basic biological feed in water, consumption: inorganic fertilizer 3 kg/km
2~ 5 kg/km
2, fertilizer 30kg/km
2~ 5 0kg/km
2;
The input of juvenile stichopus: throw in density: suitably adjust according to working condition, generally, throw in 600/more than kg 10/m of seedlings
2~ 20/m
2be advisable, specification is larger, and the amount that unit are is thrown in can be lacked; Put the water temperature of seedling: put seedling water temperature spring higher than 12 ℃, put seedling water temperature autumn higher than 9 ℃, survival rate is high, and production effect is good; While putting seedling, salinity is poor is less than 3 ‰, and temperature difference is less than 2 ℃, and changes and will slowly carry out, and after throwing in and finishing, every 3 d are to water filling 10 cm in pond; Healthy seedling: body surface is totally complete, and without mucus, color and luster is vivid, ginseng body is sturdy, stretches nature, and corn point is endured, skin depth, natural drainage ability is strong, and it is tight that mouth shrinks, and sucker strong adhesion is responsive to irritant reaction, ingests vigorous, and it is strong that ight soil is billet.
The management of juvenile stichopus: winter approached increases depth of water in good time, must note the variation of dissolved oxygen and substrate, early spring temperature recovery, Chi Shui row is low, accelerating water temperature gos up, enter summer, water temperature surpasses suitable temperature range, deepen Chi Shui, change water carries out as far as possible in the second half of the night, enter before high temperature in Feng Bingqian and summer in the winter time, can add deep water level by artificial Na Shui, ground with good conditionsi can be by adding the water at low temperature of seawater well well water or industrial aquaculture and water for larval nursing, adjust breeding water temperature trend optimum range, guarantee ammonia nitrogen (N H 3-N)≤0. 02 m g/L, desilting, sterilization pond, timely and appropriate discovery adds and renews water, increase dissolved oxygen, the high-quality of throwing something and feeding in right amount bait, control water body pH, use substrate and improver of water quality: mainly contain photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, bacillus three major types, throw something and feed: March ~ May in spring, should manually throw something and feed, the feed formula of throwing something and feeding is: animal protein enzymolysis thing dry powder 20-25 part, meat and bone meal 15-20 part, Soybean Meal 20-22 part, honeysuckle 4-6 part, Divine Comedy 2-3 part, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 3-5 part, soybean lecithin 2-3 part, algin oligosaccharide 1-2 part, vitamin C 1-2 part, spirulina 1-2 part, kongpo monkshood root 4.5-5.5 part, 4-5 parts of semen momordicaes, Chinese Stellera Root 1-1.5 part, nano controlled-release carrier 20-25 part,
The preparation method of described nano controlled-release carrier is:
(1) silicon hydroxyapatite, concave convex rod, hydrotalcite, imvite, titanium dioxide, calcite, kaolin are mixed according to the mass fraction proportioning of 35-45:10-15: 10-15:8-10:8-10:7-8:5-7, join in the mixed solution of 230 parts of methyl-sulfoxides (DMSO) and 50 parts of methyl alcohol, in 65 ℃, stir 60 hours, filter, and wash and remove excessive methyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) for 3 times with the hot ethanol of 60 ℃ of temperature, put into vacuum drying chamber, 60 ℃ of temperature, be dried 24 hours, grinding is sieved, and obtains modified composite one time;
(2) 1 part of modified composite, 15 parts of potassium acetates and 25 parts of distilled water are mixed, in temperature 50 C, stir more than 10 hours, in 30 ℃ of temperature, first under ultrasonic electric power 350W condition, disperse 3.5 hours, and then disperse 4 hours under ultrasonic electric power 250W condition.Filter, and wash 3 times with distillation, 80 ℃ of vacuum drying 24 hours, grinding is sieved, and obtains twice-modified compound; (3) above-mentioned 1 part of twice-modified compound is disperseed to 60min at 600W power ultrasonic, with constant temperature heating device, be heated to 90 ℃, and stir (1200r/min) 60 minutes with mechanical agitator; Obtain nano controlled-release carrier complexes; Do not throw something and feed July ~ September, about mid-September, starts suitably to throw less some artitificial foods, and water temperature is fallen 18 ℃, enters stichopus japonicus and grow the thermophilic phase, strengthen daily ration, feeding quantity.Substantially do not ingest and stop throwing something and feeding below for 5 ℃;
The prevention and control of sea grass: common sea grass mainly contains bristle algae (hollow tongue), water continuous (continuous flower tongue), flap algae (steel wire algae), joint bone grass, hydrodictyon reticulatum, Enteromorpha, sea lettuce, doederlein spikemoss herb etc., and wherein the harm of bristle algae, water silk floss, flap algae is larger.These several sea grass easily grow, and reproduction speed is fast, at the bottom of usually within three or four days, just covering pond, wrap sea cucumber adherance, thereby affect the normal activity of sea cucumber, and steel wire algae swathes after sea cucumber, even sea cucumber can be strangled be broken into two disconnected.Once sea grass is dead, rot, the harmful substances such as the ammonia nitrogen of generation, hydrogen sulphide, cause in sea cucumber and poison skin and death.The measure that the prevention and control of sea grass are taked: when spring, water water temperature in pond was gone up, first carry out the transparency that rich water reduces water, control the breeding of sea grass, the rich water time should be in the breeding period of 12～16 ℃ of diatoms of water temperature.Conventionally can organic fertilizer, as chicken manure etc.; Or inorganic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer 75kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer 7.5kg/hm
2, gradation is thrown in, one week, interval;
The control of disease: substrate is improved in pond, use disinfectant to carry out disinfection to water body, re-using every other day that antipoison and nutrition are anti-stress similar drug, the anti-stress ability that water environment changes when improving sea cucumber to season alternation; Regular lacking into few row answered in subglacial water inlet, or appropriate moisturizing; After thawing, must guard against in the short time and change in a large number water, suggestion kept away the first tidewater after thawing completely.
As further preferred: the environment of the input of juvenile stichopus is 1) water temperature: preference temperature is 5 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, and 13 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ of optimum growth temperatures, stop ingesting during lower than 5 ℃; Dissolved oxygen: more than the dissolved oxygen of suitable growth requires 5 m g/L; The suitableeest salinity range 26.5 ‰ ~ 32.5 ‰; The suitableeest scope 7.6 ~ 8.6 of pH; Ammonia nitrogen: (NH
3-N)≤0 .02 m g/L; Nitrite :≤0.1mg/L; H
2s: must not detect; Transparency 50cm.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention according to from existing there is the Chinese medicine of antiviral, desinsection, sterilization and have immunoregulation effect Chinese medicine screen, use Chinese herb prevention pathogenic mechanism and carry out compatibility reasonable in design, improve stichopus japonicus heat resistance, antiviral and growth promotion ability; That this Chinese herb feed additive not only has is clearing heat and detoxicating, anti-inflammation, antiviral effect, regulate stichopus japonicus organism balance and physiological function, improve stichopus japonicus body specificity and non-specific immunity, raising is digested and assimilated, promote the effect of growth, and be rich in mineral matter and a small amount of carbohydrate and the protein that it is essential that stichopus japonicus grows, with integration of drinking and medicinal herbs, significantly reduce feed cost.
(2) in channel catfish adult feedstuff, Chinese herb feed additive of the present invention can not produce drug resistance, and drug residue free can not affect the consumer group's healthy and Environmental security, can realize the sustainable development of aquaculture.
(3) improve survival rate general 19%, damage by disease and insect reduces 9%, mu volume increase 17%.Therefore adopt additive formulations of the present invention can substitute the short long agent of traditional feed completely, result of use is remarkable, and without any side effects, for numerous raisers bring larger economic benefit.
(4) utilize hydroxyapatite etc. itself to there is the character of loose structure, fertilizer components is adsorbed in the inner mesh of carrier, reach the object of slow release.Hydroxyapatite also has biodegradable characteristic, and gained catabolite is various trace elements ion, and these elements can be absorbed again.Nano controlled-release additive has good biocompatibility, gastrointestinal tract mucous compatibility, each component that makes it load has controlled-release function, through twice-modified nano-complex medicine carrying amount and adsorbing capacity, all improve a lot, fertilizer efficiency time lengthening is more than 3 months, effectively suppress the increment of animal pathogen, improve the producer's benefit.Add the Fast Growth that composite microbe fertilizer of the present invention can promote shrimp, EPA content increases, and disease reduces, and the shrimp that dies of illness reduces, and also makes the beneficial microbe in water body increase simultaneously, and final quality and quality are all improved.
Embodiment
Below will be described in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention; Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment is only for the present invention is described, rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention.
A kind of inhibition nano material that adopts reduces the cultural method that stichopus japonicus damage by disease and insect occurs, support the construction of ginseng pond and adherance: according to according to the biological habit requirement of stichopus japonicus, the pond of building suitable stichopus japonicus growth in conjunction with actual conditions, by the form of artificial reefglider, meets stichopus japonicus to substrate requirement.Reefglider with the material of the good water permeability such as scallop cage, hollow brick, sunshade net, antipriming pipe for well.Reef reefglider local pollution weight, water exchange is poor, finds that boulder heap reefglider culturing time one is long in production, can not create best living environment for sea cucumber.The water quality physical and chemical index at water source will meet apostichopus japonicus culture water supply standard.Adherance can adopt: each heap stone adherance is all used the long-pending stone that is about 30cm*20cm*20 cm of 3 blocks to build into Chinese character pin-shaped, spacing between each adherance is 40cm, or 3 40cm* 35cm tiles are bundled into triangle with rope, it is 1 group that every 2 triangles are put together side by side, spacing between every group is that the plastic tube of 40cm or 4 long 40cm diameter 15cm is divided into 2 layers by rope, to be held together be 1 group, and the spacing between every group is also 40 cm; Keep the depth of water 30 c m left and right, with quicklime or bleaching powder, carry out the sterilization of full pond, quicklime consumption 150 kg/km
2~ 200 kg/km
2, bleaching powder 15kg/km
2, sterilization finishes, pond water inlet, and water quality transparency is too large, and the fertilizer rich water of available inorganic fertilizer or fermentation is cultivated the basic biological feed in water, consumption: inorganic fertilizer 3 kg/km
2~ 5 kg/km
2, fertilizer 30kg/km
2~ 5 0kg/km
2;
The input of juvenile stichopus: throw in density: suitably adjust according to working condition, generally, throw in 600/more than kg 10/m of seedlings
2~ 20/m
2be advisable, specification is larger, and the amount that unit are is thrown in can be lacked; Put the water temperature of seedling: put seedling water temperature spring higher than 12 ℃, put seedling water temperature autumn higher than 9 ℃, survival rate is high, and production effect is good; While putting seedling, salinity is poor is less than 3 ‰, and temperature difference is less than 2 ℃, and changes and will slowly carry out, and after throwing in and finishing, every 3 d are to water filling 10 cm in pond; Healthy seedling: body surface is totally complete, and without mucus, color and luster is vivid, ginseng body is sturdy, stretches nature, and corn point is endured, skin depth, natural drainage ability is strong, and it is tight that mouth shrinks, and sucker strong adhesion is responsive to irritant reaction, ingests vigorous, and it is strong that ight soil is billet.
The management of juvenile stichopus: winter approached increases depth of water in good time, must note the variation of dissolved oxygen and substrate, early spring temperature recovery, Chi Shui row is low, accelerating water temperature gos up, enter summer, water temperature surpasses suitable temperature range, deepen Chi Shui, change water carries out as far as possible in the second half of the night, enter before high temperature in Feng Bingqian and summer in the winter time, can add deep water level by artificial Na Shui, ground with good conditionsi can be by adding the water at low temperature of seawater well well water or industrial aquaculture and water for larval nursing, adjust breeding water temperature trend optimum range, guarantee ammonia nitrogen (N H 3-N)≤0. 02 m g/L, desilting, sterilization pond, timely and appropriate discovery adds and renews water, increase dissolved oxygen, the high-quality of throwing something and feeding in right amount bait, control water body pH, use substrate and improver of water quality: mainly contain photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, bacillus three major types, throw something and feed: the feed formula of throwing something and feeding is: animal protein enzymolysis thing dry powder 20-25 part, meat and bone meal 15-20 part, Soybean Meal 20-22 part, honeysuckle 4-6 part, Divine Comedy 2-3 part, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 3-5 part, soybean lecithin 2-3 part, algin oligosaccharide 1-2 part, vitamin C 1-2 part, kongpo monkshood root 4.5-5.5 part, 4-5 parts of semen momordicaes, Chinese Stellera Root 1-1.5 part, nano controlled-release carrier 20-25 part,
The preparation method of described nano controlled-release carrier is:
(1) silicon hydroxyapatite, concave convex rod, hydrotalcite, imvite, titanium dioxide, calcite, kaolin are mixed according to the mass fraction proportioning of 35-45:10-15: 10-15:8-10:8-10:7-8:5-7, join in the mixed solution of 230 parts of methyl-sulfoxides (DMSO) and 50 parts of methyl alcohol, in 65 ℃, stir 60 hours, filter, and wash and remove excessive methyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) for 3 times with the hot ethanol of 60 ℃ of temperature, put into vacuum drying chamber, 60 ℃ of temperature, be dried 24 hours, grinding is sieved, and obtains modified composite one time;
(2) 1 part of modified composite, 15 parts of potassium acetates and 25 parts of distilled water are mixed, in temperature 50 C, stir more than 10 hours, in 30 ℃ of temperature, first under ultrasonic electric power 350W condition, disperse 3.5 hours, and then disperse 4 hours under ultrasonic electric power 250W condition.Filter, and wash 3 times with distillation, 80 ℃ of vacuum drying 24 hours, grinding is sieved, and obtains twice-modified compound; (3) above-mentioned 1 part of twice-modified compound is disperseed to 60min at 600W power ultrasonic, with constant temperature heating device, be heated to 90 ℃, and stir (1200r/min) 60 minutes with mechanical agitator; Obtain nano controlled-release carrier complexes; March ~ May in spring, should manually throw something and feed, do not throw something and feed July ~ September, about mid-September, starts suitably to throw less some artitificial foods, and water temperature is fallen 18 ℃, enters stichopus japonicus and grows the thermophilic phase, strengthen daily ration, feeding quantity.Substantially do not ingest and stop throwing something and feeding below for 5 ℃;
The prevention and control of sea grass: common sea grass mainly contains bristle algae (hollow tongue), water continuous (continuous flower tongue), flap algae (steel wire algae), joint bone grass, hydrodictyon reticulatum, Enteromorpha, sea lettuce, doederlein spikemoss herb etc., and wherein the harm of bristle algae, water silk floss, flap algae is larger.These several sea grass easily grow, and reproduction speed is fast, at the bottom of usually within three or four days, just covering pond, wrap sea cucumber adherance, thereby affect the normal activity of sea cucumber, and steel wire algae swathes after sea cucumber, even sea cucumber can be strangled be broken into two disconnected.Once sea grass is dead, rot, the harmful substances such as the ammonia nitrogen of generation, hydrogen sulphide, cause in sea cucumber and poison skin and death.The measure that the prevention and control of sea grass are taked: when spring, water water temperature in pond was gone up, first carry out the transparency that rich water reduces water, control the breeding of sea grass, the rich water time should be in the breeding period of 12～16 ℃ of diatoms of water temperature.Conventionally can organic fertilizer, as chicken manure etc.; Or inorganic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer 75kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer 7.5kg/hm
2, gradation is thrown in, one week, interval;
The control of disease: substrate is improved in pond, use disinfectant to carry out disinfection to water body, re-using every other day that antipoison and nutrition are anti-stress similar drug, the anti-stress ability that water environment changes when improving sea cucumber to season alternation; Regular lacking into few row answered in subglacial water inlet, or appropriate moisturizing; After thawing, must guard against in the short time and change in a large number water, suggestion kept away the first tidewater after thawing completely.
As further preferred: the environment of the input of juvenile stichopus is 1) water temperature: preference temperature is 5 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, and 13 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ of optimum growth temperatures, stop ingesting during lower than 5 ℃; Dissolved oxygen: more than the dissolved oxygen of suitable growth requires 5 m g/L; The suitableeest salinity range 26.5 ‰ ~ 32.5 ‰; The suitableeest scope 7.6 ~ 8.6 of pH; Ammonia nitrogen: (NH
3-N)≤0 .02 m g/L; Nitrite :≤0.1mg/L; H
2s: must not detect; Transparency 50cm.
Improve survival rate general 19%, damage by disease and insect reduces 9%, mu volume increase 17%.Therefore adopt additive formulations of the present invention can substitute the short long agent of traditional feed completely, result of use is remarkable, and without any side effects, for numerous raisers bring larger economic benefit.Utilize hydroxyapatite etc. itself to there is the character of loose structure, fertilizer components is adsorbed in the inner mesh of carrier, reach the object of slow release.Hydroxyapatite also has biodegradable characteristic, and gained catabolite is various trace elements ion, and these elements can be absorbed again.Nano controlled-release additive has good biocompatibility, gastrointestinal tract mucous compatibility, each component that makes it load has controlled-release function, through twice-modified nano-complex medicine carrying amount and adsorbing capacity, all improve a lot, fertilizer efficiency time lengthening is more than 3 months, effectively suppress the increment of animal pathogen, improve the producer's benefit.Add the Fast Growth that composite microbe fertilizer of the present invention can promote shrimp, EPA content increases, and disease reduces, and the shrimp that dies of illness reduces, and also makes the beneficial microbe in water body increase simultaneously, and final quality and quality are all improved.
Claims (2)
1. adopt inhibition nano material to reduce the cultural method that stichopus japonicus damage by disease and insect occurs, comprise the following steps:
1) support the construction of ginseng pond and adherance: according to the biological habit requirement of stichopus japonicus, in conjunction with actual conditions, build the pond of suitable stichopus japonicus growth, by the form of artificial reefglider, meet stichopus japonicus to substrate requirement, adherance can adopt: each heap stone adherance is all used the long-pending stone that is about 30cm*20cm*20 cm of 3 blocks to build into Chinese character pin-shaped, spacing between each adherance is 40cm, or 3 40cm* 35cm tiles are bundled into triangle with rope, it is 1 group that every 2 triangles are put together side by side, spacing between every group is that the plastic tube of 40cm or 4 long 40cm diameter 15cm is divided into 2 layers by rope, to be held together be 1 group, spacing between every group is also 40 cm, keep the depth of water 30 c m left and right, with quicklime or bleaching powder, carry out the sterilization of full pond, quicklime consumption 150 kg/km
2~ 200 kg/km
2, bleaching powder 15kg/km
2, sterilization finishes, pond water inlet, and water quality transparency is too large, and the fertilizer rich water of available inorganic fertilizer or fermentation is cultivated the basic biological feed in water, consumption: inorganic fertilizer 3 kg/km
2~ 5 kg/km
2, fertilizer 30kg/km
2~ 5 0kg/km
2,
The input of juvenile stichopus: throw in density: suitably adjust according to working condition, generally, throw in 600/more than kg 10/m of seedlings
2~ 20/m
2be advisable, specification is larger, and the amount that unit are is thrown in can be lacked, put the water temperature of seedling: put seedling water temperature spring higher than 12 ℃, put seedling water temperature autumn higher than 9 ℃, survival rate is high, and production effect is good, while putting seedling, salinity is poor is less than 3 ‰, and temperature difference is less than 2 ℃, and changes and will slowly carry out, and after throwing in and finishing, every 3 d are to water filling 10 cm in pond, the management of juvenile stichopus: winter approached increases depth of water in good time, must note the variation of dissolved oxygen and substrate, early spring temperature recovery, Chi Shui row is low, accelerating water temperature gos up, enter summer, water temperature surpasses suitable temperature range, deepen Chi Shui, change water carries out as far as possible in the second half of the night, enter before high temperature in Feng Bingqian and summer in the winter time, can add deep water level by artificial Na Shui, ground with good conditionsi can be by adding the water at low temperature of seawater well well water or industrial aquaculture and water for larval nursing, adjust breeding water temperature trend optimum range, guarantee ammonia nitrogen (N H 3-N)≤0. 02 m g/L, desilting, sterilization pond, timely and appropriate discovery adds and renews water, increase dissolved oxygen, the high-quality of throwing something and feeding in right amount bait, control water body pH, use substrate and improver of water quality: mainly contain photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, bacillus three major types, throw something and feed: March ~ May in spring, should manually throw something and feed, the feed formula of throwing something and feeding is: animal protein enzymolysis thing dry powder 20-25 part, meat and bone meal 15-20 part, Soybean Meal 20-22 part, honeysuckle 4-6 part, Divine Comedy 2-3 part, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 3-5 part, soybean lecithin 2-3 part, algin oligosaccharide 1-2 part, vitamin C 1-2 part, spirulina 1-2 part, kongpo monkshood root 4.5-5.5 part, 4-5 parts of semen momordicaes, Chinese Stellera Root 1-1.5 part, nano controlled-release carrier 20-25 part,
The preparation method of described nano controlled-release carrier is:
(1) silicon hydroxyapatite, concave convex rod, hydrotalcite, imvite, titanium dioxide, calcite, kaolin are mixed according to the mass fraction proportioning of 35-45:10-15: 10-15:8-10:8-10:7-8:5-7, join in the mixed solution of 230 parts of methyl-sulfoxides (DMSO) and 50 parts of methyl alcohol, in 65 ℃, stir 60 hours, filter, and wash and remove excessive methyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) for 3 times with the hot ethanol of 60 ℃ of temperature, put into vacuum drying chamber, 60 ℃ of temperature, be dried 24 hours, grinding is sieved, and obtains modified composite one time;
(2) 1 part of modified composite, 15 parts of potassium acetates and 25 parts of distilled water are mixed, in temperature 50 C, stir more than 10 hours, in 30 ℃ of temperature, first under ultrasonic electric power 350W condition, disperse 3.5 hours, and then disperse 4 hours under ultrasonic electric power 250W condition;
Filter, and wash 3 times with distillation, 80 ℃ of vacuum drying 24 hours, grinding is sieved, and obtains twice-modified compound; (3) above-mentioned 1 part of twice-modified compound is disperseed to 60min at 600W power ultrasonic, with constant temperature heating device, be heated to 90 ℃, and stir (1200r/min) 60 minutes with mechanical agitator; Obtain nano controlled-release carrier complexes; Do not throw something and feed July ~ September, about mid-September, starts suitably to throw less some feeds, and water temperature is fallen 18 ℃, enters stichopus japonicus and grow the thermophilic phase, strengthen daily ration, feeding quantity;
Substantially do not ingest and stop throwing something and feeding below for 5 ℃; The prevention and control of sea grass: when spring, water water temperature in pond was gone up, first carry out the transparency that rich water reduces water, control the breeding of sea grass, the rich water time should be in the breeding period of 12～16 ℃ of diatoms of water temperature;
Conventionally can organic fertilizer, as chicken manure etc.; Or inorganic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer 75kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer 7.5kg/hm
2, gradation is thrown in, one week, interval;
2) control of disease: substrate is improved in pond, use disinfectant to carry out disinfection to water body, re-using every other day that antipoison and nutrition are anti-stress similar drug, the anti-stress ability that water environment changes when improving sea cucumber to season alternation; Regular lacking into few row answered in subglacial water inlet, or appropriate moisturizing; After thawing, must guard against in the short time and change in a large number water, suggestion kept away the first tidewater after thawing completely.
2. a kind of cultural method that stichopus japonicus damage by disease and insect occurs that reduces as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the environment of the input of juvenile stichopus is 1) water temperature: preference temperature is 5 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, and 13 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ of optimum growth temperatures, stop ingesting during lower than 5 ℃; Dissolved oxygen: more than the dissolved oxygen of suitable growth requires 5 m g/L; The suitableeest salinity range 26.5 ‰ ~ 32.5 ‰; The suitableeest scope 7.6 ~ 8.6 of pH; Ammonia nitrogen: (NH
3-N)≤0 .02 m g/L; Nitrite :≤0.1mg/L; H
2s: must not detect; Transparency 50cm.
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