CN102177868B - Method for pond three-dimensional (3D) culture of Chinese prawns - Google Patents
Method for pond three-dimensional (3D) culture of Chinese prawns Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for pond 3D culture of Chinese prawns. The method comprises the following steps of: cleaning and sterilizing the pond; in late April, releasing young prawns, and before releasing, performing the viral detection of prawns by adopting the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-nucleic acid probe technology, and soaking the young prawns in compound Chinese medicine young prawn-maturing juice; in late May, releasing young cotton jelly fishes and young blue crabs; performing the maturing management; from 15 to 20 days since the young prawns are released, feeding fresh living baits, when the prawn body is 3cm in length, starting to feed the mixed feed, and gradually increasing the amount of the mixed feed used daily while gradually reducing the fresh living baits used daily, and after 10 to 15 days, completely feeding the mixed feed; when the prawn body is 6cm in length, feeding the mixed feed added with the compound Chinese medicine young prawn-maturing juice every two weeks; and in July and August, capturing the cotton jelly fishes, and in September, capturing the Chinese prawns and the blue crabs. When the method is used, water space and bait resources are fully and reasonably utilized, breeding cost is low, the energy consumption is low, the prawns produced by the method are healthy, the survival rate of the pawns is high, the environmental safety and the food safety are both guaranteed, the average weight of mature prawns is 35 to 62.5 grams, and the survival rate is beyond 35 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese prawn pond three-dimensional culture method.
Background technology
The Chinese prawn growth that originates in China's Bohai Sea and north Yellow Sea is fast, fine and tender taste, mouthfeel are good, once is the aquatic products that the main cultured prawn of the eighties in last century and outlet are exchanged.Last century, the popular survival rate of Chinese prawn under traditional " high density, throw something and feed by force, large draining " breeding way that makes of the nineties fulminant type virus disease sharply reduced, namely enable survival, also need " continuing oxygenation (gas), continuously dispensing (bait) ", aquaculture cost is high, energy resource consumption is large, and environment and food safety risk are high, expose serious problems in international trade, be that Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low replaces by Penaeus Vannmei gradually, cultivation fewer and feweri.
Summary of the invention
It is low that the present invention will solve present Shrimp Culturing survival rate; cost is high; the problem that energy consumption is large provides a kind of Chinese prawn pond three-dimensional culture method, adopts the method can realize the three-dimensional culture of prawn, cotton jellyfish and Portunus trituberculatus Miers; sufficiently and reasonably utilize Water space and food resource; aquaculture cost is low, and energy consumption is little, and the prawn figure is healthy; survival rate is high, guarantees environment and food security.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
1, the preparation of ponds and sterilization
Water in the prawn pond is drained, shine the pool, ted at the bottom of the pond, freeze to mud between February that 30～50cm at the bottom of the pond is thick and transport, all are unfavorable for the factor of prawn existence and growth in the removing pond, then level cistern, irrigation canals and ditches and gate, at prawn pond water inlet drainage bolting silk, protecting film are installed, prevent from mixing shrimp and crab class are scurried into;
Put seedling front 15～20 days, thoroughly clean up the pond, cistern and irrigation canals and ditches, apparatus are carried out closed disinfection, kill all and be unfavorable for harmful organisms, competition biology, the pathogenic organisms that prawn grows and the intermediate host who carries pathogeny, 2～3 days pollution-free, not viruliferous seawater of injection after thoroughly cleaning up the pond;
2, put seedling
Select Chinese prawn " No. one, the Huanghai Sea " shrimp seedling, late April begins to put seedling, and putting seedling density is 1800～2000 tail/mus; Adopt PCR-Nucleic Acid Probe Technique prawn seedling to carry out strict virus detection before putting seedling, and the health young shrimp after will detecting is placed in the compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout and soaked 20～40 minutes, the raw material of described compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout consists of rheum officinale 20～50 grams, matrimony vine 10～30 grams, folium lycii 25～50 grams and gall nut 1～2 gram;
Late May begins to put in a suitable place to breed cotton jellyfish seedling and Portunus trituberculatus Miers seedling in the prawn pond, the selection criteria of described cotton jellyfish seedling is physical health, strong, the umbrella footpath 4～5cm that moves about, and breeding density is 500～600/mu; Described Portunus trituberculatus Miers seedling selection criteria is physical health, body colour light, long 5～8 cm of body, and breeding density is 200～300/mu;
3, form management
Change water according to the water quality situation in the whole breeding process, cultivation is added and is changed water and all use pollution-free, not viruliferous seawater and disinfect through cistern, controls stable biocoenosis form, makes water quality reach following index:
Dissolved oxygen〉5mg/L; Total ammonia＜0.5mg/L; Ammonia nitrogen＜0.6mg/L; Transparency 30～50cm; Salinity 15～25, diurnal variation＜5; PH 7.5～9.0, diurnal variation＜0.5; Chemical oxygen demand＜6mg/L, hydrogen sulphide＜0.01mg/L;
The throwing seedling rose and begins the sterile-processed fresh food of throwing something and feeding in 15～20 days, day feeding volume is 20～30% of prawn gross mass, the number of times of throwing something and feeding is 2 times/days, when the prawn body reaches 3cm according to fresh food day feeding volume 8～10% begin the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, increase gradually later the day feeding volume of manufactured feed, the day feeding volume of corresponding minimizing fresh food is transitioned into the manufactured feed of all throwing something and feeding after 10～15 days simultaneously, and the day feeding volume of manufactured feed is 2～5% of prawn gross mass; The number of times of throwing something and feeding of manufactured feed is for from cooperating feed to throw something and feed 2 times/days in 20 days from beginning to throw something and feed, 20～40 days 3 times/days, 40 days afterwards to gathering in the crops 4～6 times/days;
Behind the manufactured feed of all throwing something and feeding, after the prawn body reaches 6cm, help seedling juice every in manufactured feed, adding compound Chinese herb 1 week, described compound Chinese herb helps the raw material of seedling juice to consist of hawthorn 15～25 grams, rheum officinale 3～8 grams, Lonicera and Forsythia 12～18 grams and matrimony vine 8～12 grams, the seedling juice raw material that helps of interpolation is 0.2～0.7% of manufactured feed quality;
4, results
7, fish for cotton jellyfish August; Fish for by the end of September Chinese prawn and Portunus trituberculatus Miers.
The standard that the strict virus of carrying out above-mentioned PCR-Nucleic Acid Probe Technique prawn seedling detects is that the WSSV positive rate is no more than 10%.
The preparation method of above-mentioned compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout adds clear water by feed liquid mass ratio 1:8～1:15 after raw material mixing impurity elimination is pulverized, soak after 8～12 hours, decocts to become juice in 30～35 minutes.
Above-mentioned compound Chinese herb helps the preparation method of seedling juice to add clear water by feed liquid mass ratio 1:8～1:15 after raw material mixing impurity elimination is pulverized, and soaks after 8～12 hours, decocts to become juice in 30～35 minutes.
Above-mentioned form in the management change water the time, a day quantity of exchanged water is controlled at 5～10% of prawn pond Total Water.
Above-mentioned form the fresh food of throwing something and feeding in the management for the blue clam of crushing, grind shrimp or fish is rotten.
The above-mentioned stable biocoenosis form of control of forming in the management refers to control probio quantity and makes the prawn pond water be green, yellow green or breen.
The above-mentioned manufactured feed of forming in the management, the nutrient component standard is: crude fat 6～7%, fish oil 1.5～3.5%, phosphorus 1.7～2.5%, copper 3～5mg/kg, cobalt 5～10 mg/kg, selenium 0.5～1.2 mg/kg, vitamin C ester 0.05～0.1%, inositol 0.3～0.6%, Choline Chloride 0.4～0.6%, cholesterol 0.2～0.5%, vitamin E 0.02～0.06%, β-1,3-glucose peptide glycan 1～1.5%.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
1, introduce Chinese prawn " No. one, the Huanghai Sea ", screen optimum envirment factor parameter, water quality is processed, reasonably combined bait, feed, science is thrown something and fed, and makes prawn reduce stress situation, guarantees that prawn is in the normal physiological index in breeding process.
2, adopt PCR-nucleic acid probe detection technique, guaranteed that the shrimp seedling is virus-free, do not carry disease germs, greatly reduce disease incident.
3, put front compound Chinese herb juice in the strong sprout prawn seedling that uses of seedling and soak, the effect of rheum officinale is to prevent mould, bacterium and parasitic growing in the compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout; The effect of matrimony vine and folium lycii is to strengthen immunity, and plays hepatoprotective effect; Gallic effect is to protect from infection.Strong sprout, juice can be killed shrimp seedling body surface harmful animal, parasite, by skin skin and Wei infiltration, strengthened the body non-specific immunity; Add compound Chinese herb in the breeding process and help seedling juice in manufactured feed, it is aid digestion that compound Chinese herb helps the effect of hawthorn in the seedling juice, promotes food; The effect of rheum officinale is anti-virus, bacterium; The effect of Lonicera and Forsythia is antiviral, and has the effect that dispersing stagnated hepatoqi is invigorated blood circulation.Help seedling juice can strengthen prawn appetite, improve digestibility, promote body resistance against diseases; Strong sprout juice and help seedling juice all to adopt Chinese herbal medicine formula, cost is low, can guarantee food security, and little to environmental influence.
4, the cultivation of prawn seedling is cultivated the realization three-dimensional culture that combines with cotton jellyfish and Portunus trituberculatus Miers, Water space and food resource have sufficiently and reasonably been utilized, realized high yield, nutrient laden and the Ecology Sustainable of product, only become shrimp counterpoise 35～62.5g/, survival rate reaches more than 35%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the shrimp pool structure sketch that the present invention adopts;
Among the figure: 1-prawn pond, 2-cistern, 3-irrigation canals and ditches, 4-gate, 5-prawn pond water inlet, 6-drainage bolting silk, 7-protecting film.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1, preparation compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout and compound Chinese herb help seedling juice
Preparation compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout by getting raw material in the table 1, mixes and adds clear water by feed liquid mass ratio 1:8 after impurity elimination is pulverized, and soaks after 8 hours, decocts to become juice in 30 minutes.
The preparation compound Chinese herb helps seedling juice, gets raw material by table 2, mixes to add clear water by feed liquid mass ratio 1:8 after impurity elimination is pulverized, and soaks after 8 hours, decocts to become juice in 30 minutes.
2, the preparation of ponds and sterilization
As shown in Figure 1, water in the prawn pond 1 is drained, shine the pool, ted at the bottom of the pond, freeze to mud between February that 30cm at the bottom of the pond is thick and transport, all are unfavorable for the factor of prawn existence and growth in the removing pond, then level cistern 2, irrigation canals and ditches 3 and gate 4, at prawn pond water inlet 5 drainage bolting silk 6, protecting film 7 are installed, prevent from mixing shrimp and crab class are scurried into.
Put seedling front 15 days, thoroughly clean up the pond, cistern 2 and irrigation canals and ditches 3, apparatus are carried out closed disinfection, kill that all harmful organisms that are unfavorable for the prawn growth, competition are biological, pathogenic organisms and carry the intermediate host of pathogeny, thoroughly clean up the pond and injected pollution-free, not viruliferous seawater in rear 2 days.
3, put seedling
Select Chinese prawn " No. one, the Huanghai Sea " shrimp seedling, late April begins to put seedling, and putting seedling density is 1800 tail/mus; Adopt PCR-Nucleic Acid Probe Technique prawn seedling to carry out strict virus detection before putting seedling, the WSSV positive rate is 8%.Health young shrimp after detecting is placed in the compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout soaked 20 minutes.
Late May begins to put in a suitable place to breed cotton jellyfish seedling and Portunus trituberculatus Miers seedling in prawn pond 1, the selection criteria of described cotton jellyfish seedling is physical health, strong, umbrella footpath 4～5 cm that move about, and breeding density is 500/mu; Described Portunus trituberculatus Miers seedling selection criteria is physical health, body colour light, long 5～8 cm of body, and breeding density is 200/mu.
4, form management
Change water according to the water quality situation in the whole breeding process, cultivation is added and is changed water and all use pollution-free, not viruliferous seawater and disinfect through the retaining sedimentation basin, day quantity of exchanged water is controlled at 5% of pond Total Water, control stable biocoenosis form, namely control probio quantity and make shrimp culture pond water be green, yellow green or breen, make water quality reach following index:
Dissolved oxygen〉5mg/L; Total ammonia＜0.5mg/L; Ammonia nitrogen＜0.6mg/L; Transparency 30～50cm; Salinity 15～25, diurnal variation＜5; PH 7.5～9.0, diurnal variation＜0.5; Chemical oxygen demand＜6mg/L, hydrogen sulphide＜0.01mg/L.
Use the water purification spirit to purify as protectant and improvement water quality as improver of water quality, EM bacterium and photosynthetic bacteria in per 10 days during the cultivation, to keep water stabilization, reduce the generation of stressors.
The throwing seedling rose and begins the sterile-processed fresh food of throwing something and feeding in 15 days, and a day feeding volume is 20% of prawn gross mass, and the number of times of throwing something and feeding is 2 times/days, and described fresh food can adopt the blue clam of crushing, grind shrimp or fish gruel, adopts the blue clam of crushing in this example; When the prawn body reaches 3cm according to fresh food day feeding volume 8% begin the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, increase gradually later the day feeding volume of manufactured feed, the day feeding volume of corresponding minimizing fresh food of while, be transitioned into the manufactured feed of all throwing something and feeding after 10 days, this moment, the day feeding volume of manufactured feed was 2% of prawn gross mass; The number of times of throwing something and feeding of manufactured feed is for from cooperating feed to throw something and feed 2 times/days in 20 days from beginning to throw something and feed, 20～40 days 3 times/days, 40 days afterwards to gathering in the crops 4 times/days.
Behind the manufactured feed of all throwing something and feeding, after the prawn body reaches 6cm, help seedling juice every in manufactured feed, adding compound Chinese herb 1 week, the seedling juice raw material that helps of interpolation is 0.2% of manufactured feed quality.
The manufactured feed that whole breeding process uses, the nutrient component standard is: crude fat 6～7%, fish oil 1.5～3.5%, phosphorus 1.7～2.5%, copper 3～5mg/kg, cobalt 5～10 mg/kg, selenium 0.5～1.2 mg/kg, vitamin C ester 0.05～0.1%, inositol 0.3～0.6%, Choline Chloride 0.4～0.6%, cholesterol 0.2～0.5%, vitamin E 0.02～0.06%, β-1,3-glucose peptide glycan 1～1.5%.
5, results
7, fish for cotton jellyfish August; Fish for by the end of September Chinese prawn and Portunus trituberculatus Miers, the cultivation achievement sees Table 3.
Embodiment 2
1, preparation compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout and compound Chinese herb are annotated seedling juice
Preparation compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout by getting raw material in the table 1, mixes and adds clear water by feed liquid mass ratio 1:12 after impurity elimination is pulverized, and soaks after 10 hours, decocts to become juice in 32 minutes.
The preparation compound Chinese herb helps seedling juice to get raw material by table 2, mixes to add clear water by feed liquid mass ratio 1:12 after impurity elimination is pulverized, and soaks after 10 hours, decocts to become juice in 32 minutes.
2, the preparation of ponds and sterilization
As shown in Figure 1, water in the prawn pond 1 is drained, shine the pool, ted at the bottom of the pond, freeze to mud between February that 40cm at the bottom of the pond is thick and transport, all are unfavorable for the factor of prawn existence and growth in the removing pond, then level cistern 2, irrigation canals and ditches 3 and gate 4, at prawn pond water inlet 5 drainage bolting silk 6, protecting film 7 are installed, prevent from mixing shrimp and crab class are scurried into.
Put seedling front 17 days, thoroughly clean up the pond, cistern 2 and irrigation canals and ditches 3, apparatus are carried out closed disinfection, kill that all harmful organisms that are unfavorable for the prawn growth, competition are biological, pathogenic organisms and carry the intermediate host of pathogeny, thoroughly clean up the pond and injected pollution-free, not viruliferous seawater in rear 3 days.
3, put seedling
Select Chinese prawn " No. one, the Huanghai Sea " shrimp seedling, late April begins to put seedling, and putting seedling density is 1900 tail/mus; Adopt PCR-Nucleic Acid Probe Technique prawn seedling to carry out strict virus detection before putting seedling, the WSSV positive rate is 9%.Health young shrimp after detecting is placed in the compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout soaked 30 minutes.
Late May begins to put in a suitable place to breed cotton jellyfish seedling and Portunus trituberculatus Miers seedling in prawn pond 1, the selection criteria of described cotton jellyfish seedling is physical health, strong, umbrella footpath 4～5 cm that move about, and breeding density is 550/mu; Described Portunus trituberculatus Miers seedling selection criteria is physical health, body colour light, long 5～8 cm of body, and breeding density is 250/mu.
4, form management
Change water according to the water quality situation in the whole breeding process, cultivation is added and is changed water and all use pollution-free, not viruliferous seawater and disinfect through the retaining sedimentation basin, day quantity of exchanged water is controlled at 7% of prawn pond Total Water, control stable biocoenosis form, namely control probio quantity and make shrimp culture pond water be green, yellow green or breen, make water quality reach following index:
Dissolved oxygen〉5mg/L; Total ammonia＜0.5mg/L; Ammonia nitrogen＜0.6mg/L; Transparency 40 ± 10cm; Salinity 15～25, diurnal variation＜5; PH 7.5～9.0, diurnal variation＜0.5; Chemical oxygen demand＜6mg/L, hydrogen sulphide＜0.01mg/L.
Use the water purification spirit to purify as protectant and improvement water quality as improver of water quality, EM bacterium and photosynthetic bacteria in per 12 days during the cultivation, to keep water stabilization, reduce the generation of stressors.
The throwing seedling rose and begins the sterile-processed fresh food of throwing something and feeding in 17 days, and a day feeding volume is 25% of prawn gross mass, and the number of times of throwing something and feeding is 2 times/days, and described fresh food can adopt the blue clam of crushing, grind shrimp or fish gruel, adopts in this example and grinds shrimp; When the prawn body reaches 3cm according to fresh food day feeding volume 9% begin the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, increase gradually later the day feeding volume of manufactured feed, the day feeding volume of corresponding minimizing fresh food of while, be transitioned into the manufactured feed of all throwing something and feeding after 12 days, this moment, the day feeding volume of manufactured feed was 3.5% of prawn gross mass; The number of times of throwing something and feeding of manufactured feed is for from cooperating feed to throw something and feed 2 times/days in 20 days from beginning to throw something and feed, 20～40 days 3 times/days, 40 days afterwards to gathering in the crops 5 times/days.
Behind the manufactured feed of all throwing something and feeding, after the prawn body reaches 6cm, help seedling juice every in manufactured feed, adding compound Chinese herb 1 week, the seedling juice raw material that helps of interpolation is 0.5% of manufactured feed quality.
The manufactured feed that whole breeding process uses, the nutrient component standard is: crude fat 6～7%, fish oil 1.5～3.5%, phosphorus 1.7～2.5%, copper 3～5mg/kg, cobalt 5～10 mg/kg, selenium 0.5～1.2 mg/kg, vitamin C ester 0.05～0.1%, inositol 0.3～0.6%, Choline Chloride 0.4～0.6%, cholesterol 0.2～0.5%, vitamin E 0.02～0.06%, β-1,3-glucose peptide glycan 1～1.5%.
5, results
7, fish for cotton jellyfish August; Fish for by the end of September Chinese prawn and Portunus trituberculatus Miers.The cultivation achievement sees Table 3.
Embodiment 3
1, preparation compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout and compound Chinese herb are annotated seedling juice
Preparation compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout is got raw material by table 1, mixes to add clear water by feed liquid mass ratio 1:15 after impurity elimination is pulverized, and soaks after 12 hours, decocts to become juice in 35 minutes.
The preparation compound Chinese herb helps seedling juice, gets raw material by table 2, mixes to add clear water by feed liquid mass ratio 1:15 after impurity elimination is pulverized, and soaks after 12 hours, decocts to become juice in 35 minutes.
2, the preparation of ponds and sterilization
As shown in Figure 1, water in the prawn pond 1 is drained, shine the pool, ted at the bottom of the pond, freeze to mud between February that 50cm at the bottom of the pond is thick and transport, all are unfavorable for the factor of prawn existence and growth in the removing pond, then level cistern 2, irrigation canals and ditches 3 and gate 4, at prawn pond water inlet 5 drainage bolting silk 6, protecting film 7 are installed, prevent from mixing shrimp and crab class are scurried into.
Put seedling front 20 days, thoroughly clean up the pond, cistern 2 and irrigation canals and ditches 3, apparatus are carried out closed disinfection, kill that all harmful organisms that are unfavorable for the prawn growth, competition are biological, pathogenic organisms and carry the intermediate host of pathogeny, thoroughly clean up the pond and injected pollution-free, not viruliferous seawater in rear 3 days.
3, put seedling
Select Chinese prawn " No. one, the Huanghai Sea " shrimp seedling, late April begins to put seedling, and putting seedling density is 2000 tail/mus; Adopt PCR-Nucleic Acid Probe Technique prawn seedling to carry out strict virus detection before putting seedling, the WSSV positive rate is 10%.Health young shrimp after detecting is placed in the compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout soaked 40 minutes.
Late May begins to put in a suitable place to breed cotton jellyfish seedling and Portunus trituberculatus Miers seedling in prawn pond 1, the selection criteria of described cotton jellyfish seedling is physical health, strong, umbrella footpath 4～5 cm that move about, and breeding density is 600/mu; Described Portunus trituberculatus Miers seedling selection criteria is physical health, body colour light, long 5～8 cm of body, and breeding density is 300/mu.
4, form management
Change water according to the water quality situation in the whole breeding process, cultivation is added and is changed water and all use pollution-free, not viruliferous seawater and disinfect through the retaining sedimentation basin, day quantity of exchanged water is controlled at 10% of prawn pond Total Water, control stable biocoenosis form, namely control probio quantity and make shrimp culture pond water be green, yellow green or breen, make water quality reach following index:
Dissolved oxygen〉5mg/L; Total ammonia＜0.5mg/L; Ammonia nitrogen＜0.6mg/L; Transparency 40 ± 10cm; Salinity 15～25, diurnal variation＜5; PH 7.5～9.0, diurnal variation＜0.5; Chemical oxygen demand＜6mg/L, hydrogen sulphide＜0.01mg/L.
Use the water purification spirit to purify as protectant and improvement water quality as improver of water quality, EM bacterium and photosynthetic bacteria in per 15 days during the cultivation, to keep water stabilization, reduce the generation of stressors.
The throwing seedling rose and begins the sterile-processed fresh food of throwing something and feeding in 20 days, and a day feeding volume is 30% of prawn gross mass, and the number of times of throwing something and feeding is 2 times/days, and described fresh food can adopt the blue clam of crushing, grind shrimp or fish gruel, adopts the fish gruel in this example; When the prawn body reaches 3cm according to fresh food day feeding volume 10% begin the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, increase gradually later the day feeding volume of manufactured feed, the day feeding volume of corresponding minimizing fresh food of while, be transitioned into the manufactured feed of all throwing something and feeding after 15 days, this moment, the day feeding volume of manufactured feed was 5% of prawn gross mass; The number of times of throwing something and feeding of manufactured feed is for from cooperating feed to throw something and feed 2 times/days in 20 days from beginning to throw something and feed, 20～40 days 3 times/days, 40 days afterwards to gathering in the crops 6 times/days.
Behind the manufactured feed of all throwing something and feeding, after the prawn body reaches 6cm, help seedling juice every in manufactured feed, adding compound Chinese herb 1 week, the seedling juice raw material that helps of interpolation is 0.7% of manufactured feed quality.
The manufactured feed that whole breeding process uses, the nutrient component standard is: crude fat 6～7%, fish oil 1.5～3.5%, phosphorus 1.7～2.5%, copper 3～5mg/kg, cobalt 5～10 mg/kg, selenium 0.5～1.2 mg/kg, vitamin C ester 0.05～0.1%, inositol 0.3～0.6%, Choline Chloride 0.4～0.6%, cholesterol 0.2～0.5%, vitamin E 0.02～0.06%, β-1,3-glucose peptide glycan 1～1.5%.
5, results
7, fish for cotton jellyfish August; Fish for by the end of September Chinese prawn and Portunus trituberculatus Miers, the cultivation achievement sees Table 3.
Claims (7)
1. Chinese prawn pond three-dimensional culture method is characterized in that:
(1), the preparation of ponds and sterilization
Water in the prawn pond is drained, shine the pool, ted at the bottom of the pond, freeze to mud between February that 30～50cm at the bottom of the pond is thick and transport, all are unfavorable for the factor of prawn existence and growth in the removing pond, then level cistern, irrigation canals and ditches and gate, at prawn pond water inlet drainage bolting silk, protecting film are installed, prevent from mixing shrimp and crab class are scurried into;
Put seedling front 15～20 days, thoroughly clean up the pond, cistern and all irrigation canals and ditches, apparatus are carried out closed disinfection, kill all and be unfavorable for harmful organisms, competition biology, the pathogenic organisms that prawn grows and the intermediate host who carries pathogeny, 2～3 days pollution-free, not viruliferous seawater of injection after thoroughly cleaning up the pond;
(2), put seedling
Select Chinese prawn " No. one, the Huanghai Sea " shrimp seedling, late April begins to put seedling, and putting seedling density is 1800～2000 tail/mus; Adopt PCR-Nucleic Acid Probe Technique prawn seedling to carry out strict virus detection before putting seedling, and the health young shrimp after will detecting is placed in the compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout and soaked 20～40 minutes, the raw material of described compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout consists of rheum officinale 20～50 grams, matrimony vine 10～30 grams, folium lycii 25～50 grams and gall nut 1～2 gram;
Late May begins to put in a suitable place to breed cotton jellyfish seedling and Portunus trituberculatus Miers seedling in the prawn pond, the selection criteria of described cotton jellyfish seedling is physical health, strong, umbrella footpath 4～5 cm that move about, and breeding density is 500～600/mu; Described Portunus trituberculatus Miers seedling selection criteria is physical health, body colour light, long 5～8 cm of body, and breeding density is 200～300/mu;
(3), form management
Change water according to the water quality situation in the whole breeding process, cultivation is added and is changed water and all use pollution-free, not viruliferous seawater and disinfect through the retaining sedimentation basin, control stable biocoenosis form, namely control probio quantity and make shrimp culture pond water be green, yellow green or breen, and make water quality reach following index:
Dissolved oxygen〉5mg/L; Total ammonia＜0.5mg/L; Ammonia nitrogen＜0.6mg/L; Transparency 30～50cm; Salinity 15～25, diurnal variation＜5; PH 7.5～9.0, diurnal variation＜0.5; Chemical oxygen demand＜6mg/L, hydrogen sulphide＜0.01mg/L;
The throwing seedling rose and begins the sterile-processed fresh food of throwing something and feeding in 15～20 days, day feeding volume is 20～30% of prawn gross mass, the number of times of throwing something and feeding is 2 times/days, when the prawn body reaches 3cm according to fresh food day feeding volume 8～10% begin the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, increase gradually later the day feeding volume of manufactured feed, the day feeding volume of corresponding minimizing fresh food is transitioned into the manufactured feed of all throwing something and feeding after 10～15 days simultaneously, and this moment, the day feeding volume of manufactured feed was 2～5% of prawn gross mass; The number of times of throwing something and feeding of manufactured feed is for from cooperating feed to throw something and feed 2 times/days in 20 days from beginning to throw something and feed, 20～40 days 3 times/days, 40 days afterwards to gathering in the crops 4～6 times/days;
Behind the manufactured feed of all throwing something and feeding, after the prawn body reaches 6cm, help seedling juice every in manufactured feed, adding compound Chinese herb 1 week, described compound Chinese herb helps the raw material of seedling juice to consist of hawthorn 15～25 grams, rheum officinale 3～8 grams, Lonicera and Forsythia 12～18 grams and matrimony vine 8～12 grams, the seedling juice raw material that helps of interpolation is 0.2～0.7% of manufactured feed quality;
(4), results
7, fish for cotton jellyfish August; Fish for by the end of September Chinese prawn and Portunus trituberculatus Miers.
2. Chinese prawn according to claim 1 pond three-dimensional culture method, it is characterized in that: the standard that described PCR-Nucleic Acid Probe Technique prawn seedling diseases poison detects is that the WSSV positive rate is no more than 10%.
3. Chinese prawn according to claim 1 pond three-dimensional culture method, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of described compound Chinese herb juice in strong sprout adds clear water by feed liquid mass ratio 1:8～1:15 after raw material mixing impurity elimination is pulverized, soak after 8～12 hours, decoct 30～35 minutes one-tenth juice.
4. Chinese prawn according to claim 1 pond three-dimensional culture method, it is characterized in that: described compound Chinese herb helps the preparation method of seedling juice to add clear water by feed liquid mass ratio 1:8～1:15 after raw material mixing impurity elimination is pulverized, soak after 8～12 hours, decoct 30～35 minutes one-tenth juice.
5. Chinese prawn according to claim 1 pond three-dimensional culture method, it is characterized in that: form when changing water in the management, a day quantity of exchanged water is controlled at 5～10% of prawn pond Total Water.
6. Chinese prawn according to claim 1 pond three-dimensional culture method is characterized in that: form the fresh food of throwing something and feeding in the management for the blue clam of crushing, grind shrimp or fish is rotten.
7. Chinese prawn according to claim 1 pond three-dimensional culture method, it is characterized in that: the nutrient component standard of forming manufactured feed in the management is: crude fat 6～7%, fish oil 1.5～3.5%, phosphorus 1.7～2.5%, copper 3～5mg/kg, cobalt 5～10 mg/kg, selenium 0.5～1.2 mg/kg, vitamin C ester 0.05～0.1%, inositol 0.3～0.6%, Choline Chloride 0.4～0.6%, cholesterol 0.2～0.5%, vitamin E 0.02～0.06%, β-1,3-glucose peptide glycan 1～1.5%.
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| CN106614180A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-05-10 | 盘锦船老大水产品作坊 | Prawn farming method |
| CN107771716A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-03-09 | 卢惠 | A kind of cultural method of prawn mixed breeding silver carp |
| CN107969360A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-01 | 卢惠 | A kind of cultural method of the efficient high yield of prawn |
| CN107873595A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-04-06 | 卢惠 | A kind of cultural method of prawn mixed breeding grouper |
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| CN115226666B (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2024-04-05 | 日照市海洋与渔业研究院(日照市海域使用动态监视监测中心、日照市水生野生动物救护站) | Three-dimensional ecological breeding system and breeding method thereof |
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