CN103548726A

CN103548726A - Establishment and stock breeding method for sinonovacula constricta families

Info

Publication number: CN103548726A
Application number: CN201310503970.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 牛东红; 李家乐; 沈和定; 王劦; 谢淑媚; 李多; 郑培
Original assignee: Shanghai Maritime University
Current assignee: Shanghai Maritime University; Shanghai Ocean University
Priority date: 2013-10-23
Filing date: 2013-10-23
Publication date: 2014-02-05
Anticipated expiration: 2033-10-23
Also published as: CN103548726B

Abstract

The invention relates to an establishment and stock breeding method for sinonovacula constricta families. The establishment and stock breeding method for the sinonovacula constricta families comprises four optimal selection processes, including, 1) carrying out the first optimal selection for parental sinonovacula constrictas so as to select parental sinonovacula constrictas with strong activity and normal body characteristics and having the weight larger than average weight by 15-20%, then selecting parental sinonovacula constrictas with the shell width/shell length proportion greater than the average proportion by 15-20%, directly placing the selected parental sinonovacula constrictas in a hasten parturition bed, and oxygenating for stimulation; 2) after oviposition and spermiation of the parental sinonovacula constrictas, carrying out the second optimal selection, pairing male and female sinonovacula constrictas with high yield to establish families, breeding the families respectively in breeding barrels until a young sinonovacula constricta period arrives; 3) when the sinonovacula constricta fries reach to about 1 cm, measuring the shell length of the sinonovacula constrictas in the families, carrying out the third optimal selection, weeding out families with high death rate and relatively slow growth speed, and transferring the rest families to an outdoor pond; 4) measuring growth data in different growth periods of the families, carrying out the fourth optimal selection, and selecting individuals with fast growth and strong activity as parental sinonovacula constrictas for next generation ofhte families, thereby carrying out stock breeding.

Description

A kind of foundation and fine-variety breeding method of the razor clam family of hanging

Technical field

The invention belongs to shellfish genetic breeding field, is a kind of foundation and fine-variety breeding method of the razor clam family of hanging specifically.

Background technology

One of Yi Chengwei China important intertidal shellfish ，Shi China four large marine products cultivated shellfishes.Hang razor clam due to its fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, nutritious, liked by consumer, its market value is high, and cultivation prospect is boundless.

But along with the development of the razor clam aquaculture of hanging, its breeding environment worsens increasingly, large quantities of phenomena of mortality of the razor clam unknown cause of hanging happen occasionally, and the seed growth rate of artificial propagation declines, and causes breeding production industry to be subject to serious obstruction.This and germplasm are degenerated, germplasm innovation is backward in technique etc. has close relationship.Therefore, cultivate strong stress resistance, the razor clam improved Varieties of hanging of fast growth becomes the important step of the razor clam aquaculture sustainable development of hanging.

Family is set up the important means as animal varieties improvement and genetics research, in the fine-variety breeding of fowl poultry kind and a lot of aquatic products kinds, has brought into play important function, and has produced huge economic benefit and social benefit.Therefore carrying out the razor clam fine-variety breeding of hanging is to ensure better one of the key technology of razor clam aquaculture sustainable health development of hanging.The present invention, according to reproductive biology feature and the growth characteristics of the razor clam of hanging, has set up a set of razor clam family of hanging and has built and fine-variety breeding technical system, and practicable technical foundation is provided.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of the hang foundation of razor clam family and fine-variety breeding, thereby provide technical guarantee for selecting the razor clam improved seeds of hanging of high yield, high-quality.

In order to realize foregoing invention object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:

The foundation of razor clam family and a fine-variety breeding method, specifically comprise the steps:

1) hang razor clam parent shellfish low-temperature transport to destination, directly carry out preferred for the first time, biological property is normal, energetic, water pipe touches to external world and can react rapidly, and body weight is greater than the close shellfish of average weight 15-20% as the first alternative close shellfish, then therefrom select shell wide/the long ratio of shell is greater than the second alternative close shellfish of average proportions 15-20%, the second alternative close shellfish is put in parturition inducing bed, and oxygenation stimulates hastens parturition;

2) during the Spawning of razor clam of hanging, the individuality that discharges sperm and ovum is chosen, be placed on respectively in the beaker that clarification sand filter seawater is housed, treat that it has produced; Now carry out preferably for the second time, using the high individuality of Spawning amount as the close shellfish that builds family, by after the sperm of single individuality and ovum combo, in bucket, carry out the artificial insemination that mixes;

3) cultivating seed bucket volume used is 60-80 liter, and micro-inflation is hatched, and every milliliter of 5-10 of hatching density, a bucket is only put the fertilized egg of a family; At the razor clam seedling incubation of membrane of hanging, become veliger, transferred in another bucket and cultivate; When larva proceeds to the end from veliger metamorphosis, dwell when life, the juvenile mollusk at the attached end is gone in the pre-prepd bucket that has a thin mud substrate; After this, for accelerating family, cultivate speed, within every 5 days, change a substrate.

4) when razor clam seedling grows up to 1 centimetre of left and right, the shell of measuring each family razor clam seedling is long, carries out the preferred for the third time of family, and lethality is high, and the slow family of growth rate is eliminated.Superior families is moved into outdoor ponds and cultivate, each family is independently positioned over a pond, avoids mixing between family; After this, in November in this year, the shell of measuring each family in March next year, May, July is long, wide and the body weight of shell, carry out the 4th less preferredly, pick out larger, the willing razor clam of hanging of individuality individual as going down to posterity close shellfish in family, the offspring of the family that goes down to posterity still raises separately.

In this invention step 1), saved the complicated routine program of hastening parturition, comprised low temperature, dry in the shade and stimulation by running water, but be placed directly in oxygenation in parturition inducing bed after the close shellfish that is transported to breeding farm is selected, stimulated, can hasten parturition successfully.

This invention step 2) in, seed selection mode is different from colony hybridization breeding, but takes a female hero to carry out the family selective breeding of combo, and each family is cultivated separately, avoids mixing.

This summary of the invention family build and Breeding Process in, by the measurement to family individual growth proterties, through four less preferred processes, select optimum family and individuality to breed, this invention provides technical support for the razor clam fine-variety breeding of hanging.

Embodiment

The Zhangzhou, Fujian of take is below hung razor clam as basic population, and in Ninghai, Zhejiang plant, carrying out seed selection is example, and technology contents of the present invention is described in detail:

1) from the Zhangzhou, Fujian collection razor clam parent shellfish of hanging, low-temperature transport, to Ninghai, Zhejiang plant, directly carries out preferred for the first time.Select biological property normal, energetic, water pipe touches to external world and can react rapidly, and body weight is greater than the close shellfish of average weight 15-20% as alternative close shellfish, then therefrom select shell wide/the long ratio of shell is greater than the close shellfish of average proportions 15-20%, 500 the close shellfishes of finally selecting and remain.

2) because the razor clam of hanging is from differentiating male and female in appearance, therefore all 500 close shellfishes of picking out are put into parturition inducing bed, expired approximately 10 centimetres of sand filter seawaters, oxygenation stimulates hastens parturition, and its dissolved oxygen concentration is not less than 5mg/L.Utilize flashlight to examine, when its discharge sperm and ovum, chosen, put into the preprepared large beaker that clarification sand filter seawater is housed, continue discharge completely.Female individuals discharge ovum in pelletized form, can not make the sand filter seawater of clarification muddy, can natural subsidence.Male discharge sperm is wire, and the muddiness that the sand filter seawater of clarification can become rapidly, can natural subsidence.

3) before male and female combo, carry out preferred for the second time, using the many individuality of Spawning amount as setting up family parent used.By after the sperm of single individuality and ovum combo, in the breaker of 10 liters, to carry out proceeding to and growing seedlings in bucket after premixed, micro-inflation is overlapping to prevent between ovum.

4) Embryonic Stages, fertilized egg is under clarification sand filter seawater venting condition, and its dissolved oxygen concentration is not less than 5mg/L, through approximately within 18 hours, hatching and enter veliger, the life of swimming in water, should ensure larger water body during this period of time, its density is difficult for excessive, approximately every milliliter 5-10.Larva, was changed into and is crawled to creep by the motion of swimming through metamorphosis through pelagic period of 4-5 days, formed juvenile mollusk, proceeded to the end life of dwelling.

5) when razor clam seedling grows up to 1 centimetre of left and right, the shell of measuring each family razor clam body is long, carries out the preferred for the third time of family, and lethality is high, and the slow family of growth rate is eliminated.Superior families is moved into outdoor ponds and cultivate, each family is independently positioned over a pond, avoids mixing between family.After this, in November in this year, the shell of measuring each family in March next year, May, July is long, the wide and body weight of shell.In mating season next year, carry out the 4th less preferredly, in family, pick out larger, the willing razor clam of hanging of individuality individual as going down to posterity close shellfish, the offspring of the family that goes down to posterity still raises separately.

Claims

1. foundation and the fine-variety breeding method of the razor clam family of hanging, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the steps:

1) hang razor clam parent shellfish low-temperature transport to destination, directly carry out preferred for the first time, biological property is normal, energetic, water pipe touches to external world and can react rapidly, body weight is greater than the close shellfish of average weight 15-20% as the first alternative close shellfish, then therefrom select shell wide/the long ratio of shell is greater than the second alternative close shellfish of average proportions 15-20%; The second alternative close shellfish is put in parturition inducing bed, and oxygenation stimulates hastens parturition;