CN103546477A - 媒体内容的组合单播-多播/广播流的体验质量报告 - Google Patents

媒体内容的组合单播-多播/广播流的体验质量报告 Download PDF

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CN103546477A
CN103546477A CN201310527574.XA CN201310527574A CN103546477A CN 103546477 A CN103546477 A CN 103546477A CN 201310527574 A CN201310527574 A CN 201310527574A CN 103546477 A CN103546477 A CN 103546477A
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tolerance
qoe
playlist
playback
broadcast
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CN103546477B (zh
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O.奥伊曼
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Apple Inc
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Intel Corp
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Abstract

本公开涉及媒体内容的组合单播-多播/广播流的体验质量报告。本公开的实施例描述用于监测和报告与访问方法关联的体验质量（QoE）度量的装置、方法、计算机可读介质和系统配置。可描述其他实施例并且要求保护它们。

Description

媒体内容的组合单播-多播/广播流的体验质量报告
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2012年4月9日提交的名为“先进无线通信系统和技术”的美国临时专利申请号61/621,939的优先权益，和2012年8月3日提交的名为“先进无线通信系统和技术”的美国临时专利申请号61/679,627的优先权益，其的全部公开通过引用结合于此。
技术领域
本发明的实施例大体上涉及无线通信的领域，并且更具体地涉及媒体内容的动态流的体验质量报告。
背景技术
超文本传送协议（HTTP）流作为互联网视频的多媒体分发的形式广泛传播。由于已经广泛采用HTTP和它的基础传输控制协议（TCP）/互联网协议（IP）协议两者，基于HTTP的分发提供可靠性和部署简单性。此外，基于HTTP的分发通过避免网络地址转换（NAT）和防火墙穿越问题实现容易并且轻松的流服务。最终，基于HTTP的流还提供使用标准HTTP服务器和高速缓存来代替专用流服务器的能力并且由于服务器端上最少的状态信息而具有更好的可缩放性。
在3GPP TS 26.247 V.10.2.0（2012年6月29日）中标准化的HTTP动态自适应流（DASH）与基于实时流协议（RTSP）的自适应流相比是一项新技术。在使用DASH之前，标准化的渐进下载方法对于从标准HTTP Web服务器的媒体分发是可用的。在基于HTTP的渐进下载中，客户端可以通过向Web服务器进行字节范围请求而寻找媒体文件中的位置。基于HTTP的渐进下载的劣势主要是如果在渐进下载开始后用户决定停止观看内容（例如，切换到另一个内容）则带宽可能被浪费，它不是真正的比特率自适应并且它不支持直播媒体服务。DASH技术解决了基于实时协议（RTP）/RTSP的流和基于HTTP的渐进下载的缺点。
在DASH中，媒体呈现描述（MPD）元数据文件提供关于存储在服务器中的媒体内容表示的结构和不同版本的信息（包括不同的比特率、帧率、分辨率、编解码器类型等）。另外，DASH还规定片段格式，即包含关于媒体播放器的初始化和媒体片段的信息（该媒体播放器查看初始化片段来理解容器格式和媒体定时信息）来确保片段与媒体呈现时间轴的映射用于切换以及与其他表示同步呈现。基于该描述片段的关系以及它们如何形成媒体呈现的MPD元数据信息，客户端使用HTTP GET或部分GET方法请求片段。客户端完全控制流会话，即它管理片段序列的按时请求和平滑播出，潜在地调节比特率或其他属性，例如来对装置状态或用户偏好的改变作出反应。
DASH提供当可用带宽改变时在媒体内容的不同比特率表示之间动态切换的能力。因此，DASH允许更快适应变化的网络和无线链接条件、用户偏好和装置能力（例如，显示器分辨率、CPU、存储器资源等）。这样的动态适应提供更好的用户体验质量（QoE），具有更短的启动延迟、更少的重新缓冲事件等。
多媒体广播多播服务（MBMS）是在蜂窝网络上利用的点对多点系统，这些蜂窝网络根据由第三代合作伙伴计划（3GPP）颁布的蜂窝标准中的一个操作。它基于广播和多播技术设计用于将流行内容高效分发给许多接收者，并且在3GPP通用移动电信系统（UMTS）规范的第六版中作为可选特征被首次引入，并且在以后的3GPP版本中基于若干增强（例如多播广播单频网络（MBSFN）功能性等）而进一步优化。在服务层，MBMS还基于传输层协议、基于用户数据报协议（UDP）、用于流的RTP和用于文件分发的通过单向传输的文件分发（FLUTE）限定多媒体内容流和可靠文件下载两者的分发协议。MBMS在对应于3GPP第八版及以后版本的基于3GPP的长期演进（LTE）标准开发中作为增强MBMS（eMBMS）模式被采用。
DASH格式化的内容可以使用MBMS下载分发方法和/或基于HTTP的分发方法两者分发给UE。基于MBMS的DASH分发选项在某些服务区域中可能不可用，在这些情况下那些服务可备选地通过单播提供。在DASH格式化的内容通过MBMS分发的情况下，可使用FLUTE传输协议。如在RFC3926中限定的FLUTE允许DASH片段通过MBMS分发，使得客户端观察到它们正通过HTTP/TCP分发。HTTP-URL指派给FLUTE中的每个分发对象，并且HTTP-URL在MPD中映射片段URL。UE将基于包含在MPD中的HTTP URL和包括在FLUTE包中的URL信息的比较来识别接收的DASH表示。
不同的DASH表示通过要求交换机以用于访问不同版本的DASH内容的单播/HTTP和MBMS/FLUTE可是可用的。在单播/HTTP和MBMS/FLUTE之间的切换情况可在这些场景中出现，包括用户发起的具有访问改变的内容切换以及应用程序发起的访问改变。总的来说，客户端在内容流期间在单播和多播/广播访问方法（access method）之间切换，并且此外某些DASH格式化的部件（表示、片段等）可通过多播/广播接收并且其他部件可通过单播接收且在客户端同步，这是可能的。
考虑到单播/HTTP和广播/FLUTE访问方法对于DASH格式化的内容这样的可用性，确保整个内容流的连续和一致用户体验是重要的。
附图说明
实施例将通过下列详细说明连同附图而容易理解。为了便于该描述，类似的标号指代类似的结构元件。实施例通过示例而非限制的方式在附图的图中图示。
图1示意图示根据各种实施例的通信网络。
图2示意图示根据各种实施例的通信网络。
图3图示根据各种实施例的跟踪和报告QoE度量的方法。
图4图示根据各种实施例的跟踪和报告另一个QoE度量的方法。
图5图示根据各种实施例的QoE监测方法。
图6图示根据各种实施例的用于动态服务预备调节的方法。
图7示意描绘根据各种实施例的示例系统。
具体实施方式
本公开的说明性实施例包括但不限于用于关于动态流视频内容的QoE报告和服务预备调节的方法、系统、计算机可读介质和设备。
说明性实施例的各种方面将使用通常由本领域内技术人员采用的术语来描述以向本领域内其他技术人员传达他们的工作的实质。然而，替代实施例可仅用描述的方面中的一些实践，这对于本领域内技术人员将是明显的。为了说明的目的，阐述具体数字、材料和配置以便提供对说明性实施例的全面理解。然而，替代实施例可在没有具体细节的情况下实践，这对于本领域内技术人员将是明显的。在其他实例中，省略或简化众所周知的特征以便不掩盖说明性实施例。
此外，各种操作将进而采用对于理解说明性实施例最有帮助的方式描述为多个分立操作；然而，描述的顺序不应该解释为暗示这些操作必定依赖于顺序。特别地，这些操作不需要按呈现的顺序进行。
重复使用短语“在一些实施例中”。该短语一般不指相同的实施例；然而，它可指相同的实施例。术语“包括”、“具有”和“包含”是同义的，除非上下文另外指示。短语“A和/或B”意思是（A）、（B）或（A和B）。短语“A/B”和“A或B”意思是（A）、（B）或（A和B），与短语“A和/或B”相似。短语“A、B和C中的至少一个”意思是（A）、（B）、（C）、（A和B）、（A和C）、（B和C）或（A、B和C）。短语“（A）B”意思是（B）或（A和B），即A是可选的。
如本文使用的，“模块”可指代以下各项、是以下各项的一部分或包括以下各项：专用集成电路（ASIC）、电子电路、执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的处理器（共享、专用或群组）和/或存储器（共享、专用或群组）、组合逻辑电路和/或提供描述的功能性的其他适合部件。
图1示意图示根据各种实施例的网络环境100。该网络环境100包括与无线电接入网络（RAN）108无线耦合的用户设备（UE）104。该RAN 108可包括增强节点基站（eNB）112，其配置成经由空中（OTA）接口与UE 104通信。该RAN 108可以是3GPP LTE先进（LTE-A）网络的部分，并且可称为演进的通用地面无线电接入网络（EUTRAN）。在其他实施例中，可利用其他的无线电接入网络技术。
UE 104可通过RAN 108与远程媒体服务器116通信。尽管eNB 112示出与该媒体服务器直接通信，将理解在各种实施例中通信可流过许多中间联网部件，例如交换机、路由器、网关等。例如，在一些实施例中，RAN 108可与核心服务网络（CSN）耦合，该CSN通信耦合RAN 108与更大的网络（媒体服务器116可认为是其的一部分），例如广域网。
UE 104和媒体服务器116可具有许多配置成便于多媒体内容的访问、存储、传输和显示的部件。在相关部分中，例如，UE 104可包括QoE监测模块120、媒体播放器124和一个或多个输出装置128。媒体服务器116可包括QoE报告模块132、内容分发模块136和内容存储装置140。在各种实施例中，QoE报告模块132可存在于媒体服务器116外的不同位点。内容分发模块136可包括单播（UC）传输模块144（例如，用于基于HTTP的分发）和多播/广播（MC/BC）传输模块148（例如，用于基于MBMS的分发）。在各种实施例中，媒体服务器116的部件中的一个或多个可远离彼此设置。例如，图2图示其中UE 204可与第一媒体服务器216a（其包括具有UC传输模块244的内容分发模块236a）和第二媒体服务器216b（其包括具有MC/BC传输模块248的内容分发模块236b）通信的实施例。由于例如UE 104所在的覆盖区域，UE 204可在不同时间耦合于这些媒体服务器。在其他实施例中，UE 104可在相同的时间耦合于这两个媒体服务器，并且例如从不同服务器接收多媒体内容的不同部分。
简洁地，再次参照图1，内容分发模块136可访问内容存储装置140中的媒体内容（例如，音频和/或视频内容），并且根据例如DASH的动态自适应流协议格式化媒体内容。DASH格式化的内容可提供给传输模块，例如UC传输模块144或MC/BC传输模块148，用于通过RAN 108分发给UE 104。UE 104的媒体播放器124可接收通过单播访问方法或多播/广播访问方法分发的流内容，解码该内容并且将该内容提供给输出装置128，其可包括显示器、扬声器等。
在一些实施例中，单播访问方法可以是基于HTTP的访问方法，例如如在3GPP TS 26.247中规定的，而多播/广播访问方法可以是基于MBMS和/或通过单向传输的文件分发（FLUTE）的访问方法，例如如在3GPP TS 26.346 V.11.1.0（2012年6月29日）中规定的。
在一些实施例中，媒体服务器116可在用于分发DASH格式化的内容中的一些或全部的不同访问方法之间动态切换。这可基于访问方法的可用性和/或偏好中的不同。例如，在其中传输模块彼此远离设置的实施例中，可存在与每个传输模块关联的不重叠服务区域。如果UE 104移动到不由当前提供流内容的传输模块支持的区域，内容分发模块136或UE 104可切换到另一传输模块。在一些实施例中，当两个访问方法都可用时，可能优选一个超过另一个。例如，只要可能，DASH格式化的内容通过MC/BC访问方法提供给UE，这可能是网络偏好。从而，如果两个传输模块都能够提供DASH格式化的内容给UE 104，MC/BC传输模块148可配置为优选模块。
在一些实施例中，不同DASH部件（例如，表示、片段等）通过不同的访问方法可是可用的，或优选地由不同访问方法提供。从而，在一些实施例中，访问方法之间的切换（下文中的“访问切换”）可发生来基于可用和优选的访问方法访问不同的部件。在一些实施例中，第一组DASH部件可由UC传输模块144提供，并且第二组DASH格式化的部件可由MC/BC传输模块148提供。媒体播放器124当接收到第一和第二组时可在输出装置128上渲染媒体呈现之前使内容同步。
根据单播和多播/广播访问方法两者的可用性和其之间的切换，本发明的实施例提供用于确保整个内容流会话的连续和一致用户体验的过程。
常规的QoE报告基于单个访问方法的假定并且因此不足以精确识别在通过组合的UC和MC/BC分发的流期间可引起QoE降级的某些事件。例如，访问切换可导致以回放中断的形式的QoE降级（即使当独立地采用访问方法时DASH格式化的内容可以以无中断方式分发）。这可能是由于通过MBMS和单播/HTTP的DASH片段接收时间之间的定时偏移（包括，例如广播多播服务中心（BM-SC）处理、MBMS前向纠错（FEC）缓冲和HTTP请求-响应延迟），其在许多场景中可不能忽略。也就是说，即使当单播和广播/多播访问方法的质量对于以无中断方式分发DASH格式化的内容足够高时，在访问切换期间引入的等待时间可引起回放中断，导致QoE降级。这当然只是一个证明性示例，并且访问切换在另外的/备选的示例中对最终用户QoE可具有净影响。
由于它们对DASH客户端体验的直接影响，本发明的实施例提供监测访问切换事件连同现有的QoE度量，以便更好地解释客户端体验并且识别QoE降级的原因以便DASH格式化的内容通过单播和多播/广播访问方法分发。
可注意到尽管实施例关于DASH格式化的内容描述，实施例的概念可同等地能应用于其他类型的流内容。
在下文提供DASH格式化内容的分发的许多QoE度量定义来更好地捕捉访问切换事件期间的客户端体验，例如在组合的单播-多播/广播分发期间的那些等。如本文使用的，组合的单播-多播/广播分发意思是媒体内容的第一部分由单播访问方法分发，而媒体内容的第二部分由多播/广播访问方法分发。相同的QoE度量还可以用于捕捉任何访问切换（包括例如切换到不同的内容分发网络（CDN））期间的客户端体验。CDN可以是存储媒体内容并且发起流的地方。CDN可包括媒体服务器116。在一些实施例中，这样的访问切换事件的QoE度量包括但不限于表示切换事件、播放列表和/或MPD信息度量。
在一些实施例中，QoE监测模块120可记录在测量间隔期间发生的表示切换事件的列表。表示切换事件对应于从第一媒体内容表示切换到第二媒体内容表示。每个表示切换事件可包括属性来指示切换到的表示、切换事件的实际时间（例如，壁钟时间）、从切换到的表示播出的最早媒体样本（出自所有媒体部件）的媒体时间、识别子表示的等级（例如，切换到的表示的等级）和接收切换到的表示或子表示所采用的访问方法。在一些实施例中，访问方法可以是单播（例如，HTTP）或多播/广播（例如，MBMS）。
表格1图示根据一些实施例的表示切换事件列表。
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包括对应于‘切换到表示’的‘访问方法’属性允许用于传输有关的DASH格式化内容的访问机制的识别。它还不仅在UE如何在不同的DASH表示（或子表示）之间切换方面，并且在UE如何响应于例如MBMS覆盖可能丢失并且通过单播/HTTP可能备选地接收相同服务的事件而跨访问方法（例如HTTP和MBMS/FLUTE）切换方面阐明UE的自适应行为。在这样的设置中，‘访问方法’属性可以便于这样的访问切换事件连同选择的DASH表示的登记。当与例如丢失对象和重新缓冲事件等其他QoE度量结合时，服务供应商可以详细识别在访问切换事件期间的DASH分发的QoE行为和客户端体验。
图3图示根据一些实施例的跟踪和报告方法300。方法300可由UE的QoE监测模块进行，例如UE 104的QoE监测模块120等。在一些实施例中，UE可包括和/或访问具有存储在其上的指令的一个或多个计算机可读介质，这些指令在被执行时使UE或QoE监测模块进行方法300。
在304，方法可包括跟踪个体DASH表示的访问方法。
在308，方法可包括检测表示切换事件。该表示切换事件可以是从媒体播放器接收第一DASH表示切换到第二DASH表示。
在308检测表示切换事件后，方法可包括在312计算表示切换事件度量。在一些实施例中，表示切换事件度量的计算可包括记录切换到的表示的访问方法。在一些实施例中，切换事件的其他要素可记录在表示切换事件度量中。
在316，方法可包括报告计算的表示切换事件度量。计算的表示切换事件度量的报告可通过将度量传送到QoE报告模块，例如媒体服务器116的QoE报告模块132而完成。
在一些实施例中，QoE监测模块120可记录测量间隔的播放列表。DASH格式化内容的解码样本一般可按呈现时间序列来渲染，每个处于或靠近它的规定呈现时间。信息流的紧凑表示从而可以从时间段的列表来构建，在该时间段期间，连续渲染单个表示的样本使得每个在它的达到某个特定准确等级（例如+/-10ms）的规定呈现时间来呈现。这样的连续分发的时段的序列可由请求播出在规定媒体时间开始的用户动作（这可以是“播放”、“寻找”或“恢复”动作）来开始，并且继续直到播出由于用户动作、内容结束或永久性故障而停止。
由QoE监测模块120记录的播放列表度量可用于登记测量间隔中的回放时段的列表的播放列表要素，其中每个回放时段是用户动作和下一个用户动作、回放结束或停止回放的故障中最快发生的那个之间的时间间隔。对于每个回放时段，QoE监测模块120可测量并且报告各种播放列表要素，例如渲染的表示的标识符和它们的渲染时间（按媒体时间）和持续时间、相对于正常回放速度的回放速度（例如，用于跟踪例如快进或快退等技巧模式）和该表示的连续回放被中断的原因等。
表格2图示根据一些实施例的播放列表度量。
 
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因为播放列表度量通过‘停止原因’参数捕捉引起给定表示的连续呈现中断的事件，包括基于‘从单播切换到广播（和/或多播）’和‘从广播（和/或多播）切换到单播’枚举的访问切换事件再次允许识别用于传输有关的DASH格式化的内容的访问方法，并且有助于理解在任何关联的重新缓冲事件（或QoE降级的其他形式）后的可能原因，其也将由播放列表度量捕捉。再次，这样的修改实现对客户端体验如何受访问切换事件影响以及还对媒体播放器124如何跨越不同的DASH表示和访问方法操作的更准确理解。最终，还可包括“切换到不同CDN” 枚举来捕捉当访问方法在更广泛的上下文中改变时的客户端体验。
图4图示根据一些实施例的跟踪和报告方法400。方法400可由UE的QoE监测模块进行，例如UE 104的QoE监测模块120等。在一些实施例中，UE可包括和/或访问具有存储在其上的指令的一个或多个计算机可读介质，这些指令在被执行时使UE或QoE监测模块进行方法400。
在404，方法可包括跟踪播放列表要素。这些跟踪的要素可例如是在表格2中列出的要素。
在408，方法可包括检测访问切换事件。如上文论述的，访问切换事件可以是例如从单播切换到广播（和/或多播）访问方法；从广播（和/或多播）切换到单播访问方法；和/或切换到不同的CDN。
当在408检测到访问切换事件时，方法400可包括在412计算播放列表度量。在一些实施例中，播放列表度量的计算可包括记录跟踪的播放列表要素，其包括切换到的访问方法。
在416，方法可包括报告计算的播放列表度量。计算的播放列表度量的报告可通过将度量传送到QoE报告模块，例如媒体服务器116的QoE报告模块132而完成。
在一些实施例中，QoE监测模块120可记录来自MPD的表示信息。这可允许当QoE监测模块120报告时服务器无需直接访问MPD而理解使用的媒体特性。每当UE104发送任何其他包含对还没有报告MPD信息的表示的引用的质量度量报告时，QoE监测模块120可报告MPD信息度量。在该上下文中，包括关于该表示借此而可用的访问方法的信息可也是有益的。这可由传输ID属性指示，其可携带关于接收媒体内容表示的可用访问方法的信息。
表格3限定根据一些实施例的用于QoE报告的MPD信息度量。
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图5图示根据一些实施例的QoE监测的方法500。方法500可由UE的QoE监测模块进行，例如UE 104的QoE监测模块120等。在一些实施例中，UE可包括和/或访问具有存储在其上的指令的一个或多个计算机可读介质，这些指令在被执行时使UE或QoE监测模块进行方法500。
在504，QoE监测模块可监测例如DASH格式化内容的媒体内容的下载和回放。该下载和回放可由例如媒体播放器124的媒体播放器进行。在监测下载和回放时，QoE报告模块可记录许多QoE度量。这些度量可包括但不限于由单播访问方法分发的媒体部件的HTTP请求/响应事务、表示切换事件、与单播访问方法关联的平均吞吐量、与多播/广播访问方法关联的平均吞吐量、最初播出延迟、缓冲器占用等级、播放列表、MPD信息等。
在508，QoE报告模块可将访问方法和/或访问切换事件与QoE度量中的一个或多个关联。例如，访问方法可关于如上文描述的表示切换事件、播放列表和/或MPD信息而记录。
在512，QoE监测模块可将包括关联的访问方法和/或访问切换事件的指示的QoE度量传送给QoE报告模块，例如媒体服务器116的QoE报告模块132。在一些实施例中，QoE度量可在格式化为可扩展标记语言（XML）文件的QoE报告中传送。QoE监测模块可使用HTTP POST请求信令（RFC 2616）（在它的主体中携带XML格式化的元数据）来将QoE报告发送给媒体服务器。
在各种实施例中，QoE度量的传输可在周期或事件驱动的报告中完成。事件驱动的报告可由降至预定阈值以下的QoE度量中的一个或多个或某个其他触发来驱使。
在一些实施例中，QoE报告可由UE 104或媒体服务器116主动激活/触发。QoE报告可通过媒体服务器116或另一个服务器传送报告触发给QoE监测模块而激活/触发。该报告触发可在例如MPD文件中，作为例如度量要素；OMA DM QoE管理对象；和/或会话描述协议（SDP）消息。
图6图示根据一些实施例的用于动态服务预备调节的方法600。方法600可由媒体服务器的QoE报告模块进行，例如媒体服务器116的QoE报告模块132等。在一些实施例中，媒体服务器可包括和/或访问具有存储在其上的指令的一个或多个计算机可读介质，这些指令在被执行时使媒体服务器或QoE报告模块进行方法600。
在604，QoE报告模块可接收多个QoE度量。这些QoE度量可与由单播访问方法和/或多播/广播访问方法分发的媒体内容的下载和回放关联。如上文论述的，这些接收的QoE度量可包括但不限于由单播访问方法分发的媒体部件的HTTP请求/响应事务、表示切换事件、与单播访问方法关联的平均吞吐量、与多播/广播访问方法关联的平均吞吐量、最初播出延迟、缓冲器占用等级、播放列表、MPD信息等。接收的QoE度量中的至少一个可与访问方法关联。
在608，QoE报告模块可发起服务预备调节。在一些实施例中，服务预备调节的发起可基于接收的QoE度量中的一个或多个。例如，可确定当DASH媒体内容的特别表示由第一访问方法分发时客户端例行从该表示切换。因此，QoE报告模块可使表示偏向由第二访问方法分发。
服务预备调节可以是但不限于将DASH格式化内容从第一格式转码成第二格式；将访问方法从第一访问方法改变成第二访问方法；改变在DASH格式化内容的分发中采用的故障检测和纠正方案；和/或重新分配无线电资源用于管理DASH格式化内容由单播访问方法或多播/广播访问方法的分发。
本文描述的QoE监测和反馈对于检测和调试故障、管理流性能、实现智能客户端自适应（对于装置制造商有用）和允许QoE已知网络自适应和服务预备（对于网络运营商和内容/服务供应商有用）可是有益的。
本文描述的UE 104和/或媒体服务器116可实现成使用任何适合的硬件和/或软件根据期望配置的系统。图7图示一个实施例的示例系统700，其包括一个或多个处理器704、与处理器704中的至少一个耦合的系统控制逻辑708、与系统控制逻辑708耦合的系统存储器712、与系统控制逻辑708耦合的非易失性存储器（NVM）/存储装置716、与系统控制逻辑708耦合的网络接口720以及与系统控制逻辑708耦合的输入/输出（I/O）装置732。
处理器704可包括一个或多个单核或多核处理器。处理器704可包括通用处理器和专用处理器（例如，图形处理器、应用程序处理器、基带处理器等）的任何组合。
一个实施例的系统控制逻辑708可包括任何适合的接口控制器，用于提供任何适合的接口给处理器704中的至少一个和/或与系统控制逻辑708通信的任何适合的装置或部件。
一个实施例的系统控制逻辑708可包括一个或多个存储器控制器，用于提供接口给系统存储器712。系统存储器712可用于加载和存储数据和/或指令，例如QoE逻辑724。一个实施例的系统存储器712可包括任何适合的易失性存储器，例如适合的动态随机存取存储器（DRAM）等。
NVM/存储装置716可包括一个或多个有形的非暂时计算机可读介质，用于存储数据和/或指令，例如QoE逻辑724。NVM/存储装置716可包括任何适合的非易失性存储器，例如闪速存储器等，和/或可包括任何适合的非易失性存储装置，例如一个或多个硬盘驱动器（HDD）、一个或多个压缩盘（CD）驱动器和/或一个或多个数字多用途盘（DVD）驱动器等。
NVM/存储装置716可包括物理上是系统700安装在其上的装置的一部分的存储资源，或者它可以能够由该装置访问而不必定是该装置的一部分。例如，NVM/存储装置716可经由网络接口720通过网络访问和/或通过输入/输出（I/O）装置732访问。
QoE逻辑724可包括指令，其当由处理器704中的一个或多个执行时引起系统700进行如关于上文的实施例描述的QoE监测、QoE报告和/或服务预备调节。在各种实施例中，QoE逻辑724可包括硬件、软件和/或固件部件，它们设置在系统700的另外/备选元件中。
网络接口720可具有收发器722来提供无线电接口给系统700，用于通过一个或多个网络通信和/或与任何其他适合的装置通信。在各种实施例中，收发器722可与系统700的其他部件集成。例如，收发器722可包括处理器704的处理器、系统存储器712的存储器和NVM/存储装置716的NVM/存储装置。网络接口720可包括任何适合的硬件和/或固件。网络接口720可包括多个天线，用于提供多个输入、多个输出无线电接口。一个实施例的网络接口720可包括例如有线网络适配器、无线网络适配器、电话调制解调器和/或无线调制解调器。
对于一个实施例，处理器704中的至少一个可与系统控制逻辑708的一个或多个控制器的逻辑封装在一起。对于一个实施例，处理器704中的至少一个可与系统控制逻辑708的一个或多个控制器的逻辑封装在一起来形成系统级封装（SiP）。对于一个实施例，处理器704中的至少一个可集成在与系统控制逻辑708的一个或多个控制器的逻辑相同的芯片上。对于一个实施例，处理器704中的至少一个可集成在与系统控制逻辑708的一个或多个控制器的逻辑相同的芯片上来形成芯片上系统（SoC）。
在各种实施例中，I/O装置732可包括设计成实现与系统700的用户交互的用户界面、设计成实现与系统700的外围部件交互的外围部件接口和/或设计成确定涉及系统700的环境条件和/或位点信息的传感器。
在各种实施例中，用户界面可包括但不限于显示器（例如，液晶显示器、触摸屏显示器等）、扬声器、麦克风、一个或多个拍摄装置（例如，照相机和/或摄像机）、闪光灯（例如，发光二极管闪光灯）和键盘。
在各种实施例中，外围部件接口可包括但不限于非易失性存储器端口、通用串行总线（USB）端口、音频插口和电力供应接口。
在各种实施例中，传感器可包括但不限于陀螺仪传感器、加速计、接近传感器、环境光传感器和定位单元。该定位单元也可以是网络接口720的一部分或与网络接口720交互来与例如全球定位系统（GPS）卫星的定位网络的部件通信。
在各种实施例中，系统700可以是移动计算装置，例如但不限于膝上计算装置、平板计算装置、上网本、智能电话等。在各种实施例中，系统700可具有更多或更少部件和/或不同的架构。
尽管某些实施例已经在本文中为了描述的目的图示和描述，用于实现相同目的所计算的许多种替代和/或等同实施例或实现可代替示出并且描述的实施例，而不偏离本公开的范围。该申请意在涵盖本文论述的实施例的任何改编形式或变化形式。因此，显然意在本文描述的实施例仅由权利要求及其等同物限制。

Claims (25)

1.一种用于体验质量QoE监测的设备，包括：
QoE监测模块，用于：
跟踪在超文本传送协议动态自适应流（DASH）格式化内容的播放列表度量中所包含的一个或多个播放列表要素；
检测切换事件；
计算所述播放列表度量，以及 
报告所述播放列表度量，其中所述一个或多个播放列表要素包括至少回放时段的列表以及基于所述切换事件的停止原因。
2. 如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述回放时段的列表中的回放时段包括用户动作和以下最早发生那一个之间的时间间隔：下一个用户动作、回放结束或停止回放的故障。
3. 如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述播放列表度量包括停止原因条目，并且媒体播放器用于向所述播放列表度量的停止原因条目提供促使呈现停止的原因。
4. 如权利要求3所述的设备，其中表示的呈现被停止的原因以下中的任一个：重新缓冲、用户请求、从单播到广播的切换、从广播到单播的切换、时段的结束、内容的结束、度量收集时段的结束以及故障。
5. 如权利要求1所述的设备，其中QoE监测模块用于在包含可扩展标记语言（XML）的格式化的QoE报告中报告一个或多个QoE度量。
6. 如权利要求5所述的设备，其中所述QoE监测模块用于与携带XML格式化元数据的HTTP POST请求一起报告所述一个或多个度量。
7. 如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述一个或多个QoE度量包括表示切换事件的列表。
8. 如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述一个或多个QoE度量包括HTTP请求/响应业务的列表。
9. 如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述一个或多个QoE度量包括关于所接收的DASH-格式化内容的媒体内容表示的媒体呈现描述（MPD）信息。
10. 一种体验质量（QoE）监测的方法，包括：
跟踪在超文本传送协议动态自适应流（DASH）-格式化内容的播放列表度量中所包含的一个或多个播放列表要素；
检测切换事件；
基于所述切换事件计算所述播放列表度量，其中所述切换事件包括从单播到广播的切换或者从广播到单播的切换，以及 
报告计算的播放列表度量。
11. 如权利要求10所述的方法，其中回放时段的列表中的回放时段包括用户动作和以下最早发生的那一个之间的时间间隔：下一个用户动作、回放结束或停止回放的故障。
12. 如权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述播放列表度量包括：
根据促使媒体播放器停止播放呈现的媒体播放器原因来更新停止原因要素。
13. 如权利要求12所述的方法，其中表示的呈现被停止的原因是以下中的任一个：表示切换、重新缓冲、用户请求、从单播到广播的切换、从广播到单播的切换、时段的结束、内容的结束、度量收集时段的结束以及故障。
14. 如权利要求10所述的方法，包括：
在格式化成可扩展标记语言（XML）的QoE报告中报告一个或多个QoE度量。
15. 如权利要求14所述的方法，包括：
与携带XML格式化元数据的HTTP POST请求信令一起报告所述一个或多个度量。
16. 一种具有用于执行如权利要求10-15中任一项所述的方法的部件的设备。
17. 一种用于体验质量报告的系统，包括：
用户设备（UE），具有QoE逻辑，在操作上耦合于动态随机存取存储器（DRAM），其中所述QoE逻辑用于：
跟踪在超文本传送协议动态自适应流（DASH）格式化内容的播放列表度量中所包含的一个或多个播放列表要素；
检测切换事件；
计算所述播放列表度量，以及 
报告所述播放列表度量，其中所述一个或多个播放列表要素包括至少回放时段的列表以及基于所述切换事件的停止原因。
18. 如权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述回放时段的列表中的回放时段包括用户动作和以下最早发生的那一个之间的时间间隔：下一个用户动作、回放的结束或停止回放的故障。
19. 如权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述播放列表度量包括停止原因条目，并且媒体播放器用于向所述播放列表度量的停止原因条目提供原因。
20. 如权利要求19所述的系统，其中表示的呈现被停止的原因是以下中的任一个：重新缓冲、用户请求、从单播到广播的切换、从广播到单播的切换、时段的结束、内容的结束、度量收集时段的结束以及故障。
21. 如权利要求17所述的系统，其中QoE逻辑用于在包含可扩展标记语言（XML）的格式化的QoE报告中包括一个或多个QoE度量。
22. 如权利要求21所述的系统，其中所述QoE逻辑用于与携带XML格式化元数据的HTTP POST请求信令一起报告所述一个或多个度量。
23. 如权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述一个或多个QoE度量包括表示切换事件的列表。
24. 如权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述一个或多个QoE度量包括HTTP请求/响应业务的列表。
25. 如权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述一个或多个QoE度量包括关于所接收的DASH-格式化内容的媒体内容表示的媒体呈现描述（MPD）信息。
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