ES2532871B2 - Informe de calidad de experiencia para la transmisión continua de contenido de medios por unidifusión-multidifusión/difusión combinadas - Google Patents

Informe de calidad de experiencia para la transmisión continua de contenido de medios por unidifusión-multidifusión/difusión combinadas Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2532871B2
ES2532871B2 ES201331593A ES201331593A ES2532871B2 ES 2532871 B2 ES2532871 B2 ES 2532871B2 ES 201331593 A ES201331593 A ES 201331593A ES 201331593 A ES201331593 A ES 201331593A ES 2532871 B2 ES2532871 B2 ES 2532871B2
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qoe
unicast
content
multicast
broadcast
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ES2532871A2 (es
ES2532871R1 (es
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Ozgur Oyman
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Apple Inc
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Intel Corp
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Abstract

Las realizaciones de la presente exposición describen dispositivos, procedimientos, medios legibles por ordenador y configuraciones de sistemas para monitorizar e informar de métricas de calidad de experiencia (QoE) que están asociadas con un procedimiento de acceso. Pueden describirse y reivindicarse otras realizaciones.

Description

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incluir un Circuito Integrado de Aplicación Específica (ASIC), un circuito electrónico, un procesador (compartido, dedicado, o grupo) y/o memoria (compartida, dedicada, o grupo) que ejecute uno o más programas de software o firmware, un circuito lógico combinatorio, y/u otros componentes adecuados que proporcionen la funcionalidad descrita.
La Figura 1 ilustra esquemáticamente un entorno de radio 100 de acuerdo con diversas realizaciones. El entorno de radio 100 incluye un equipo de usuario (UE) 104 conectado de manera inalámbrica con una red de acceso radio (RAN) 108. La RAN 108 puede incluir una estación base nodal mejorada (eNB) 112 configurada para comunicarse con el UE 104 a través de una interfaz por aire (OTA). La RAN 108 puede ser parte de una red LTE avanzada (LTE-A) 3GPP y puede denominarse una red de acceso radio terrestre universal evolucionada (EUTRAN). En otras realizaciones pueden utilizarse otras tecnologías de red de acceso radio.
El UE 104 puede comunicarse con un servidor de medios remoto 116 a través de la RAN
108. Aunque el eNB 112 se muestra comunicándose directamente con el servidor de medios, se comprenderá que las comunicaciones pueden circular a través de varios componentes de conexión en red intermedios, por ejemplo, conmutadores, enrutadores, pasarelas, etc., en diversas realizaciones. Por ejemplo, en algunas realizaciones, la RAN 108 puede estar conectada con una red de servicios básicos (CSN) que conecta de manera comunicativa la RAN 108 con una red mayor, por ejemplo, una red de área amplia, de la cual el servidor de medios 116 puede considerarse una parte.
El UE 104 y el servidor de medios 116 pueden tener varios componentes que estén configurados para facilitar el acceso, el almacenamiento, la transmisión y la visualización de contenido multimedia. En la parte relevante, por ejemplo, el UE 104 puede incluir un módulo de monitorización de QoE 120, un reproductor de medios 124 y uno o más dispositivos de salida 128. El servidor de medios 116 puede incluir un módulo de informe de QoE 132, un módulo de distribución de contenido 136 y un dispositivo de almacenamiento de contenido
140. En diversas realizaciones, el módulo de informe de QoE 132 puede estar presente en una ubicación diferente fuera del servidor de medios 116. El módulo de distribución de contenido 136 puede incluir un módulo de transporte de unidifusión (UD) 144 (por ejemplo, distribución basada en HTTP) y un módulo de transporte de multidifusión/difusión (MD/D) 148 (por ejemplo, para distribución basada en MBMS). En diversas realizaciones, uno o más de los componentes del servidor de medios 116 pueden estar dispuestos a distancia unos de otros. Por ejemplo, la Figura 2 ilustra una realización en la que un UE 204 puede comunicarse con un primer servidor de medios 216a, el cual incluye un módulo de distribución de contenido 236a que tiene un módulo de transporte de UD 244, y un segundo servidor de medios 216b, el cual incluye un módulo de distribución de contenido 236b que tiene un módulo de transporte de MD/D 248. El UE 204 puede ser conectado a estos servidores de medios en diferentes momentos debido, por ejemplo, al área de cobertura en la que está presente el UE 104. En otras realizaciones, el UE 104 puede ser conectado a estos dos servidores de medios en el mismo momento y, por ejemplo, recibir diferentes porciones del contenido multimedia desde los diferentes servidores.
En resumen, haciendo referencia de nuevo a la Figura 1, el módulo de distribución de contenido 136 puede acceder al contenido de medios (por ejemplo, contenido de audio y/o vídeo) en el dispositivo de almacenamiento de contenido 140 y formatear el contenido de medios de acuerdo con un protocolo de transmisión continua adaptativa dinámica, por ejemplo, DASH. El contenido con formato DASH puede proporcionarse a un módulo de transporte, por ejemplo, ya sea el módulo de transporte de UD 144 o el módulo de transporte de MD/D 148, para la distribución al UE 104 a través de la RAN 108. El reproductor de medios 124 del UE 104 puede recibir el contenido transmitido de manera continua, distribuido por un procedimiento de acceso de unidifusión o un procedimiento de acceso de multidifusión/difusión, descodificar el contenido y proporcionar el contenido a los dispositivos de salida 128, que pueden incluir un visualizador, altavoces, etc.
En algunas realizaciones, el procedimiento de acceso de unidifusión puede ser un procedimiento de acceso basado en HTTP, por ejemplo, tal como se especifica en el estándar 3GPP TS 26.247, mientras que el procedimiento de acceso de multidifusión/difusión puede ser un procedimiento de acceso basado en MBMS y/o distribución de archivos sobre transporte unidireccional (FLUTE), por ejemplo, tal como se especifica en el estándar 3GPP TS 26.346, V.11.1.0 (29 de junio de 2012).
En algunas realizaciones, el servidor de medios 116 puede conmutar dinámicamente entre los diferentes procedimientos de acceso para distribución de algo o todo el contenido con formato DASH. Esto puede estar basado en la diferencia de disponibilidad y/o la preferencia de los procedimientos de acceso. Por ejemplo, en una realización en la que los módulos de
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formato DASH pudiera ser distribuido de una manera libre de interrupciones cuando los procedimientos de acceso se emplean independientemente. Esto puede deberse a una desincronización entre los momentos de recepción del segmentos DASH sobre MBMS y unidifusión/HTTP (incluyendo, por ejemplo, el procesamiento del centro de servicio de difusión/multidifusión (BM-SC), el almacenamiento en memoria intermedia de corrección de errores sin canal de retorno (FEC) MBMS y los retardos de solicitud-respuesta HTTP), que puede no ser despreciable en muchos escenarios. En otras palabras, aun cuando las calidades de los procedimientos de acceso de unidifusión y difusión/multidifusión sean suficientemente elevadas como para distribuir contenido con formato DASH de una manera libre de interrupciones, las latencias introducidas durante la conmutación de acceso pueden causar interrupciones de reproducción, conduciendo a degradación de la QoE. Por supuesto, esto es sólo un ejemplo demostrativo, y la conmutación de acceso puede tener un impacto neto sobre la QoE del usuario final en ejemplos adicionales/alternativos.
Debido a su impacto directo en la experiencia del cliente DASH, las realizaciones de la presente invención prevén la monitorización de eventos de conmutación de acceso conjuntamente con las métricas de QoE existentes para interpretar mejor la experiencia del cliente e identificar las causas de degradación de QoE para distribución de contenido con formato DASH sobre procedimientos de acceso de unidifusión y multidifusión/difusión.
Puede observarse que, aunque se describen realizaciones con respecto a contenido con formato DASH, los conceptos de las realizaciones pueden ser aplicables igualmente a otros tipos de contenido de transmisión continua.
Más adelante se proporcionan varias definiciones de métrica de QoE para distribución de contenido con formato DASH para captar mejor la experiencia del cliente durante eventos de conmutación de acceso tales como los que se producen durante la distribución combinada unidifusión-multidifusión/difusión. Tal como se usa en este documento, distribución combinada unidifusión-multidifusión/difusión significa que una primera porción del contenido de medios es distribuida por un procedimiento de acceso de unidifusión, mientras que una segunda porción del contenido de medios es distribuida por un procedimiento de acceso de multidifusión/difusión. También podrían usarse las mismas métricas de QoE para captar la experiencia del cliente durante cualquier conmutación de acceso incluyendo, por ejemplo, una conmutación a una red de distribución de contenido (CDN) diferente. Una CDN puede
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La métrica de lista de reproducción grabada por el módulo de monitorización de QoE 120 puede usarse para registrar elementos de la lista de reproducción para una lista de periodos de reproducción en el intervalo de medición, donde cada periodo de reproducción es el intervalo de tiempo entre una acción del usuario y lo que ocurra más pronto de la siguiente 5 acción del usuario, el final de la reproducción o un fallo que detenga la reproducción. Para cada periodo de reproducción, el módulo de monitorización de QoE 120 puede medir e informar de diversos elementos de la lista de reproducción como, por ejemplo, los identificadores de las representaciones que fueron representadas y sus tiempos de representación (en el tiempo de los medios) y las duraciones, la velocidad de reproducción
10 en relación con la velocidad de reproducción normal (por ejemplo, para seguir los modos de control de avance y retroceso, como el avance rápido o el rebobinado) y las razones de por qué fue interrumpido la reproducción continua de esta representación.
La Tabla 2 ilustra una métrica de lista de reproducción de acuerdo con algunas 15 realizaciones.
Clave
Tipo Descripción
PlayList
Lista Una lista de periodos de reproducción. Un periodo de reproducción es el intervalo de tiempo entre una acción del usuario y lo que ocurra más pronto de la siguiente acción del usuario, el final de la reproducción o un fallo que detenga la reproducción.
Entrada
Objeto Una grabación de un solo periodo de reproducción
start
Tiempo real Marca de tiempo de la acción del usuario que inicia el periodo de reproducción.
mstart
Tiempo de los medios El tiempo de presentación en el que fue solicitada la emisión por la acción del usuario
starttype
Enum Tipo de acción del usuario que activó la emisión - Solicitud de nueva emisión (por ejemplo, emisión inicial o búsqueda) - Reanudar a partir de pausa -Otra solicitud del usuario (por ejemplo, cambio de calidad solicitado por el usuario) - Inicio de un periodo de recogida de métricas (por consiguiente las entradas previas en la lista de reproducción no se recogen)
Trace
Lista Lista de periodos de representación continua de muestras descodificadas.
Traceentry
Objetos Entrada individual en la lista.
representationid
Cadena El valor de Representatio@id desde el cual se tomaron las muestras. Este es un parámetro opcional y no debería informarse del mismo en caso de descarga progresiva.
subreplevel
Número entero Si no está presente, esta métrica concierne a la Representation en conjunto. Si está presente subreplevel indica el mayor valor de cualquier SubRepresentation@level que se represente. Este es un parámetro opcional y no debería informarse del mismo en caso de descarga progresiva.
start
Tiempo real El momento en el que fue representada la primera muestra.
sstart
Tiempo de los medios El tiempo de presentación de la primera muestra representada.
duration
Número entero La duración de las muestras presentadas continuamente (que es el mismo en tiempo real y en tiempo de los medios). “Presentado continuamente” significa que el reloj de los medios siguió avanzando a la velocidad de emisión durante todo el intervalo.
playbackspeed
Real La velocidad de reproducción en relación con la velocidad de reproducción normal (es decir, la velocidad de reproducción hacia delante normal es 1,0).
stopreason
Enum La razón de por qué se detuvo la
presentación continua de esta representación. Ya sea: - conmutación de representación (no relevante en caso de descarga progresiva) - realmacenamiento en la memoria intermedia - solicitud del usuario -conmutación de unidifusión a difusión -conmutación de difusión a unidifusión -conmutación a una red de distribución de contenido (CDN) diferente - final del periodo - final del contenido - final de un periodo de recogida de métricas - fallo
Tabla 2
Como la métrica de lista de reproducción capta eventos de causan la interrupción de una
5 presentación continua de una representación dada mediante el parámetro “stopreason”, la inclusión de eventos de conmutación de acceso basada en enumeraciones de “conmutación de unidifusión a difusión (y/o multidifusión) y “conmutación de difusión (y/o multidifusión) a unidifusión” permite de nuevo la identificación del procedimiento de acceso usado para transportar el contenido con formato DASH relacionado, y ayuda a comprender las posibles
10 razones detrás de cualquier evento asociado de almacenamiento en memoria intermedia (u otras formas de degradación de QoD), que también serán captadas por la métrica de lista de reproducción. De nuevo, tal modificación permite una comprensión más exacta sobre cómo resulta afectada la experiencia del cliente por eventos de conmutación de acceso y también sobre cómo opera el reproductor de medios 124 a través de diferentes representaciones
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Clave
Tipo Descripción
MPDInformation
Objeto
representationid
Cadena Valor de Representation@id para la representación tratada por el informe de métricas de QoE
subreplevel
Número entero Si está presente, el valor de SubRepresentation@level para la subrrepresentación tratada por el informe de métricas de QoE. Si no está presente, el informe de métricas de QoE concierne a la representación en conjunto.
Mpdinfo
RepresentationType Proporciona la información de MPD para la representación o subrrepresentación identificadas por representationid y subreplevel, si están presentes. Los siguientes atributos y elementos estarán presentes dentro de mpdinfo si están presentes para la representación o la subrrepresentación identificadas y sus valores serán idénticos a los representados en la MPD: @bandwidth, @qualityRanking, @width, @height, @mimeType, y @codecs, @transportID
Tabla 3
5 La Figura 5 ilustra un procedimiento 500 de monitorización de QoE de acuerdo con algunas realizaciones. El procedimiento 500 puede llevarse a cabo por un módulo de monitorización de QoE de un UE, como el módulo de monitorización de QoE 120 de UE 104. En algunas realizaciones, el UE puede incluir y/o tener acceso a uno o más medios legibles por ordenador que tienen instrucciones almacenadas en los mismos, que, cuando se ejecutan,
10 hacen que el UE, o el módulo de monitorización de QoE, lleve a cabo el procedimiento 500.
En 504, el módulo de monitorización de QoE puede monitorizar una descarga y reproducción de contenido de medios, por ejemplo, contenido con formato DASH. La
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desencadenante de informe puede estar, por ejemplo, en un archivo MPD como, por ejemplo, un elemento de métrica; un objeto de gestión de QoE de DM de la OMA; y/o un mensaje de protocolo de descripción de sesión (SDP).
La Figura 6 ilustra un procedimiento 600 para ajuste de provisión dinámica de servicios de acuerdo con algunas realizaciones. El procedimiento 600 puede llevarse a cabo por un módulo de informe de QoE de un servidor de medios, como el módulo de informe de QoE 132 del servidor de medios 116. En algunas realizaciones, el servidor de medios puede incluir y/o tener acceso a uno o más medios legibles por ordenador que tienen instrucciones almacenadas en los mismos, que, cuando se ejecutan, hacen que el servidor de medios, o el módulo de informe de QoE, lleve a cabo el procedimiento 600.
En 604, el módulo de informe de QoE puede recibir una pluralidad de métricas de QoE. Las métricas de QoE pueden estar asociadas con una descarga y reproducción de contenido de medios distribuido por un procedimiento de acceso de unidifusión y/o un procedimiento de acceso de multidifusión/difusión. Tal como se analizó anteriormente, estas métricas de QoE recibidas pueden incluir, pero no están limitadas a, transacciones de solicitud/respuesta HTTP para componentes de medios distribuidos por el procedimiento de acceso de unidifusión, eventos de conmutación de representación, capacidad de tratamiento media asociada con el procedimiento de acceso de unidifusión, capacidad de tratamiento media asociada con el procedimiento de acceso de multidifusión/difusión, retardo de la emisión inicial, nivel de ocupación de la memoria intermedia, lista de reproducción, información de MPD, etc. Al menos una de las métricas de QoE recibidas puede estar asociada con un procedimiento de acceso.
En 608, el módulo de informe de QoE puede iniciar un ajuste de provisión de servicios. En algunas realizaciones, el inicio del ajuste de provisión de servicios puede estar basado en una o más de las métricas de QoE recibidas. Por ejemplo, puede determinarse que un cliente conmuta rutinariamente de una representación particular del contenido de medios DASH cuando esa representación es distribuida por un primer procedimiento de acceso. Por consiguiente, el módulo de informe de QoE puede predisponer la representación hacia la distribución por el segundo procedimiento de acceso.
El ajuste de provisión de servicios puede ser, pero no está limitado a, transcodificar el contenido con formato DASH de un primer formato a un segundo formato; cambiar el procedimiento de acceso de un primer procedimiento de acceso a un segundo procedimiento de acceso; cambiar un esquema de detección y corrección de fallos empleado en la distribución del contenido con formato DASH; y/o reasignar recursos de radio para gestionar la distribución del contenido con formato DASH mediante el procedimiento de acceso de unidifusión o el procedimiento de acceso de multidifusión/difusión.
La monitorización de QoE y la reacción descritas en este documento pueden ser beneficiosas para detectar y depurar fallos, gestionar el rendimiento de la transmisión continua, habilitar la adaptación inteligente del cliente (útil para los fabricantes de dispositivos), y permitir la adaptación de red en función de la QoE y la provisión de servicios (útil para el operador de red y el proveedor de contenidos/servicios).
El UE 104 y/o el servidor de medios 116 descritos en este documento pueden ser implementados dentro de un sistema usando cualquier hardware y/o software adecuado para configurarlo según se desee. La Figura 7 ilustra, para una realización, un sistema de ejemplo 700 que comprende uno o más procesadores 704, una lógica de control de sistema 708 conectada con al menos uno de los procesadores 704, una memoria de sistema 712 conectada con la lógica de control de sistema 708, una memoria no volátil (NVM)/un dispositivo de almacenamiento 716 conectado con la lógica de control de sistema 708, una interfaz de red 720 conectada con la lógica de control de sistema 708, y dispositivos de entrada/salida (I/O) 732 conectados con la lógica de control de sistema 708.
El procesador, o los procesadores 704 pueden incluir uno o más procesadores de un solo núcleo o multi-núcleo. El procesador, o los procesadores 704 pueden incluir cualquier combinación de procesadores de propósito general y procesadores dedicados (por ejemplo, procesadores gráficos, procesadores de aplicación, procesadores de banda base, etc.).
La lógica de control de sistema 708 para una realización puede incluir cualquier controlador de interfaz adecuado para prever cualquier interfaz adecuada con al menos uno de los procesadores 704 y/o con cualquier dispositivo o componente adecuado en comunicación con la lógica de control de sistema 708.
La lógica de control de sistema 708 para una realización puede incluir uno o más controladores de memoria para proporcionar una interfaz con la memoria de sistema 712. La memoria de sistema 712 puede usarse para cargar y almacenar datos y/o instrucciones, por ejemplo, la lógica de QoE 724. La memoria de sistema 712 para una realización puede incluir cualquier memoria volátil adecuada, como una memoria de acceso aleatorio dinámica (DRAM) adecuada, por ejemplo.
La NVM/el dispositivo de almacenamiento 716 puede incluir uno o más medios legibles por ordenador tangibles, no transitorios usados para almacenar datos y/o instrucciones, por ejemplo, la lógica de QoE 724. La NVM/el dispositivo de almacenamiento 716 puede incluir cualquier memoria no volátil adecuada, como memoria flash, por ejemplo, y/o puede incluir cualquier dispositivo o dispositivos de almacenamiento no volátil adecuados, como una o más unidades de disco duro (HDD(s)), una o más unidades de disco compacto (CD), y/o una
o más unidades de disco versátil digital (DVD), por ejemplo.
La NVM/el dispositivo de almacenamiento 716 puede incluir un recurso de almacenamiento que forma parte físicamente de un dispositivo en el cual está instalado el sistema 700 o al que puede acceder el mismo, pero no necesariamente una parte del dispositivo. Por ejemplo, puede accederse a la NMV/el dispositivo de almacenamiento 716 por una red a través de la interfaz de red 720 y/o por dispositivos de entrada/salida (I/O) 732.
La lógica de QoE 724 puede incluir instrucciones que, cuando son ejecutadas por uno o más de los procesadores 704, hacen que el sistema 700 lleve a cabo la monitorización de QoE, el informe de QoE, y/o los ajustes de provisión de servicios tal como se describió con respecto a las realizaciones anteriores. En diversas realizaciones, la lógica de QoE 724 puede incluir componentes de hardware, software y/o firmware que están dispuestos en elementos adicionales/alternativos del sistema 700.
La interfaz de red 720 puede tener un transceptor 722 para proporcionar una interfaz radio para que el sistema 700 se comunique por una o más redes y/o con cualquier otro dispositivo adecuado. En diversas realizaciones, el transceptor 722 puede estar integrado con otros componentes del sistema 700. Por ejemplo, el transceptor 722 puede incluir un procesador del procesador (los procesadores) 704, memoria de la memoria de sistema 712, y NVM/dispositivo de almacenamiento de la NVM/el dispositivo de almacenamiento 716. La
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EP2837138A4 (en) 2015-08-05
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ITMI20131801A1 (it) 2014-01-29
NL2010605A (en) 2013-10-15
FI129816B (en) 2022-09-15
ITMI20130539A1 (it) 2013-10-10
FR2989855A1 (fr) 2013-10-25
FR2989855B1 (fr) 2018-03-02
WO2013155104A1 (en) 2013-10-17
SE1350442A1 (sv) 2013-10-10
US20160337676A1 (en) 2016-11-17
CN103546477B (zh) 2017-06-20
US20130268577A1 (en) 2013-10-10
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US9438883B2 (en) 2016-09-06
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US20140047123A1 (en) 2014-02-13
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FR2994783A1 (fr) 2014-02-28
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