CN1035342A - 一种四冲程增压柴油机的新扫气方法 - Google Patents

一种四冲程增压柴油机的新扫气方法 Download PDF

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CN1035342A
CN1035342A CN88103186A CN88103186A CN1035342A CN 1035342 A CN1035342 A CN 1035342A CN 88103186 A CN88103186 A CN 88103186A CN 88103186 A CN88103186 A CN 88103186A CN 1035342 A CN1035342 A CN 1035342A
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diesel engine
scavenging method
stroke
valve
scavenging
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CN1010333B (zh
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蒋克生
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

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  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种增压柴油机的新的扫气方法。该方法的实现是通过一个双峰凸轮，在进气冲程至压缩冲程初期范围内，令已完成排气的排气阀再次开启，而活塞顶部的让阀坑可以免去或保持同非增压机一样浅。

Description

本发明涉及增压柴油机扫气方法。
对四冲程增压柴油机，为了降低高温零部件热负荷，减少残余废气，提高气缸充量，均爱采用进气和排气阀同时开启一段较长时间的办法使燃烧室扫气。如我国4146柴油机，在转速为1000转/分条件下涡轮增压时，进气和正常排气重迭角为130曲轴转角，此时排气为580C增加度为126.34%如果这种重迭角不到40则排气温度为605C，增压度仅为125%。
有扫气的涡轮增压柴油机，增压后机械效率增加，过量空气系数也稍有提高，燃油消耗率也应下降，但在中、小功率深燃烧室增压柴油机中发现，由于扫气的让阀坑破坏了半开式燃烧室，导制涡轮增压后柴油机的燃油消耗率不低于非增压机。《提高柴油机功率和改善其经济性的途径》一书、（中国第一机械工业部内燃机研究所）研究指出，在活塞顶部采用半开式燃烧室时，活塞顶上让阀坑会使混合气的形成大大恶化，导致燃油消耗率增加，研究还指出，让阀坑使半开式燃烧室柴油机的燃烧消耗率增加4-8克/马力小时。该书同时指出，当活塞顶上具有开式燃烧室时，让阀坑对燃油消耗率的恶化不甚明显。但中、小功率柴油机多为半开式燃烧室，在燃烧室内，让阀坑使挤流或进气涡流遭到了不同程度的破坏，导致油耗增加。对于分开式燃烧室柴油机，让阀坑同样会破坏混合器的形成过程。
本发明提供一种新的扫气方法，在进气冲程内和压缩冲程的初期范围内，令已完成排气的排气阀再次开启，其开启的持续期按曲轴转角度量为60°-150°。最佳值通过实验确定或通过特征线法循环模拟程序计算确定。这种排气方法通过双峰排气凸轮实现，既在正常排气凸轮上增加一个辅助排气凸轮。正常排气凸轮与辅助排气凸轮的型线可以相邻接，也可以不相邻接而相隔一定的角度θ＝0°-70°。采用这种扫气方法后，由于活塞顶部无让阀坑或让阀坑同非增压机一样浅，不会破坏燃烧室，因此燃油消耗率将较普通在换气过程上死点附近有较大的进气和正常排气重迭角的增压柴油机低些;由于有较大的进气和辅助排气重迭角，排气总管的排气温度或涡轮进气温度较不扫气的增压柴油机低些;对于三缸一支排气管的脉冲涡轮增压柴油机辅助排气的持续角应维持到压缩冲程初期始关，这时气缸内的燃烧压力也低于普通增压柴油机。
图1为双峰凸轮图。θ1为正常排气凸轮曲轴旋转角，θ2为辅助排气凸轮曲轴旋转角度，θ为正常排气凸轮和辅助排气凸轮之间的相邻角度。
图2为四缸四冲程脉冲径流涡轮增压柴油机的增压系统图。1为第一个气缸，2为第二个气缸，3为第三个气缸，4为第四个气缸，T为涡轮，C为压气机。
图3为速度特性曲线。横座标为转速，纵座标为涡轮出口温度。
图4为负荷特性曲线。横座标为功率，纵座标为涡轮出口温度。
这种扫气方法，在四缸脉冲涡轮增压柴油机495Z上作了对比试验。该机增压系统如图2所示，发火次序为1-3-4-2。双峰凸轮角度分别为θ＝0°，θ1与正常排气无扫气凸轮相同，θ2＝60°。该试验与無扫气排气凸轮原方案进行比较试验，其它结构参数在两种方案中保持一致。试验结果的性能特性曲线示于图3和图4。这些特性曲线指出，新方案涡轮出口温度可降低50℃-65℃。符合设计性能预测结论。即这种新扫气方法可降低排气温度40℃以上。
一种四冲程增压柴油机的新扫气方法
说明书第1、2页勘误表
Figure 881031860_IMG1

Claims (2)

1、一种四冲程增压柴油机进排阀同时开启的扫气方法，其特征为在进气冲程至压缩冲程初期范围内令已完成排汽的排汽阀再次开启；而活塞顶部的让阀坑可以免去或保持同非增压机一样浅。
2、根据权利要求1所述的扫气方法，其特征为排汽阀的再次开启持续期按曲轴转角度量为60°-150°。
CN88103186A 1988-05-25 1988-05-25 一种消除四冲程增压柴油机让阀坑的方法 Expired CN1010333B (zh)

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CN88103186A CN1010333B (zh) 1988-05-25 1988-05-25 一种消除四冲程增压柴油机让阀坑的方法

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102588104A (zh) * 2012-01-13 2012-07-18 杨世铜 凸轮型内燃机

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102011735B (zh) * 2009-12-25 2012-08-22 无锡压缩机股份有限公司 一种非对称转子型线螺杆压缩机的排气结构及其设计方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102588104A (zh) * 2012-01-13 2012-07-18 杨世铜 凸轮型内燃机

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