CN1010333B - 一种消除四冲程增压柴油机让阀坑的方法 - Google Patents

一种消除四冲程增压柴油机让阀坑的方法

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Publication number
CN1010333B
CN1010333B CN88103186A CN88103186A CN1010333B CN 1010333 B CN1010333 B CN 1010333B CN 88103186 A CN88103186 A CN 88103186A CN 88103186 A CN88103186 A CN 88103186A CN 1010333 B CN1010333 B CN 1010333B
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Prior art keywords
stroke
diesel engine
valve
exhaust
angle
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CN88103186A
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CN1035342A (zh
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蒋克生
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN88103186A priority Critical patent/CN1010333B/zh
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Publication of CN1010333B publication Critical patent/CN1010333B/zh
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/02Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

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  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种消除有扫气的四冲程增压柴油机让阀坑的方法。该方法的实现是通过一个双峰排气凸轮,在进气冲程至压缩冲程初期,令已完成排气的排气阀再次开启,而活塞顶部的让阀坑可以免去或保持同非增压机一样浅。

Description

本发明涉及四冲程增压柴油机
美国专利US4424790《改进增压柴油机效率的方法》公开了一种提高柴油机效率,改善扫气采用双峰凸轮控制排气阀在进气冲程至压缩冲程初期范围内再次开启的方法,但文献中未能提及这种方法可能导致一个创造性的技术方案-消除让阀坑。
为克服现有技术中存在的上述缺点,本发明之目的是提供一种消除四冲程增压架油机活塞头让阀坑的方法。
本发明的另一目的是使四冲程增压柴油机活塞头让阀坑同非增压柴油机一样浅。
该方法包括在进气冲程内和压缩冲程的初期范围内令已完成排气的排气阀再次开启,其开启的持续期按曲轴转角度量为60°-150°。最佳值通过实验确定或通过特征线法循环模拟程序计算确定。这种排气方法通过双峰排气凸轮实现,即在正常排气凸轮上增加一个辅助排气凸轮。正常排气凸轮与辅助排气凸轮的型线可以相邻接,也可不相邻接而相隔一定的角度(θ=0°-70°)。
本发明的优点主要表现在:(一)采用这种方法后,由于活塞顶部无让阀坑或让阀坑同非增压柴油机一样浅不会破坏燃烧室,因此燃油消耗率将较普通在换气过程中上死点附近有较大的进气和正常排气重迭角的增压柴油机低些;(二)由于有较大的进气和辅助排气重迭角,排气总管的排气温度或涡轮进气温度较不扫气的增压柴油机低些; (三)对于三缸一支排气管的脉冲涡轮增压柴油机,辅助排气的持续角应维持到压缩冲程始关,这时气缸内的燃烧压力也低于普通的涡轮增压柴油机。
图面说明:
图1为双峰凸轮图。θ1为正常排气凸轮旋转角,θ2为辅助排气凸轮旋转角度,θ为正常排气凸轮和辅助排气凸轮之间的相邻角度。
图2为四缸四冲程脉冲径流涡轮增压柴油机的增压系统图。1为第一个气缸,2为第二个气缸,3为第三个气缸,4为第四个气缸。T为涡轮,C为压气机。
图3为速度特性曲线。横座标为转速,纵座标为涡轮出口温度。
图4为2200转/分条件下的负荷特性曲线。横座标为功率,纵座标为涡轮出口温度。
本发明的实施方案还可以结合附图作进一步说明。
一种四冲程直列六缸非增压柴油机,活塞顶部具有较深的圆柱形开口的W形燃烧室,进、排气阀重迭角为40°曲轴转角,不扫气,压缩比为16.5。当该机由非增压改成涡轮增压后,进、排气开启重迭角为124°曲轴转角,有扫气,这时涡轮进口温度不超过600℃。因为过大的进、排气开启重迭角使活塞头让阀坑太深,压缩比降低到14,燃油消耗率无改进。为解决此问题,采用本发明的实施方案,活塞塞头让阀坑应同非增压机一样浅,为此,正常的进、排气阀开启重迭角也应同非增压一样,采用本发明双峰凸轮,其θ1角可同非增压机一样,θ2=120°~150°曲轴转角,θ=40°~120°,但应使辅助排气凸轮始关角落后于进气凸轮始关角。压缩比仍保持非增压机的16.5,然后装配试验。此时将会因活塞头让阀坑同非增压一样浅而使燃油消 耗率得到改善,涡轮进口温度也因存在扫气而不会超过600℃,燃烧最高压力同原有增压机差不多一样,而增压后的功率仍可比非增压机增加50%。
另一种非增压六缸直列四冲程高速柴油机,进、排阀开启重迭角为20°,采用缩口ω形的活塞顶部燃烧室,该机燃油消耗率低,性能令人满意,曾将该机涡轮增压,当时为了扫气,而使进、排阀开启重迭角增加到110°曲轴转角,结果不得不在活塞头部挖很深的让阀坑而破坏了ω形燃烧室的混气形成,导致燃油消耗率增加,性能变差,结果失败。采用本发明的方法后,进、排阀开启重迭角仍保持同非增压机一样,保持20°曲轴转角,并采用图1所示的双峰排气凸轮,其正常排气凸轮旋转角θ1与非增压机一样,θ2=50°~75°范围内,θ=20°~75°范围内优选择定,也可通过试验确定。结果,活塞头部的让阀坑与非增压机一样浅,ω形燃烧室的混气形成未遭破坏,使增压后的燃油消耗率降低,排气温度也因扫气而降低。让辅助排气凸轮的始关角落后于进气凸轮的始关角,而使最大燃烧压力也可相应降低。
这种方法,在四缸脉冲涡轮增压柴油机495Z上作了对比试验。该机增压系统如图2所示,发火次序为1-3-4-2。双峰凸轮角度分别为θ=0°,θ1与正常排气无扫气凸轮相同。θ2=60°。该试验与无扫气排气凸轮原方案进行比较试验,其它结构参数在两种方案中保持一致。试验结果的性能特性曲线示于图3和图4。这些特性曲线指出,新方案涡轮出口温度可降低50℃-65℃。符合设计性能预测结论。即这种新        方法可降低排气温度40℃以上。

Claims (2)

1、一种消除四冲程增压柴油机活塞头让阀坑的方法,其特征在于用双峰排气凸轮在进气冲程至压缩冲程初期范围内,令已完成排气的排气阀再次开启,其持续期按曲轴转角度量为60°-150°;
2、一种使四冲程增压柴油机活塞头让阀坑同非增压柴油机一样浅的方法,其特征在于用双峰排气凸轮在进气冲程至压缩冲程初期范围内,令已完成排气的排气阀再次开启,其持续期按曲轴转角度量为60°-150°。
CN88103186A 1988-05-25 1988-05-25 一种消除四冲程增压柴油机让阀坑的方法 Expired CN1010333B (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102011735B (zh) * 2009-12-25 2012-08-22 无锡压缩机股份有限公司 一种非对称转子型线螺杆压缩机的排气结构及其设计方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102588104A (zh) * 2012-01-13 2012-07-18 杨世铜 凸轮型内燃机

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102011735B (zh) * 2009-12-25 2012-08-22 无锡压缩机股份有限公司 一种非对称转子型线螺杆压缩机的排气结构及其设计方法

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