CN103532249B - 用于感应式地传输电能的设备 - Google Patents

用于感应式地传输电能的设备 Download PDF

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CN103532249B
CN103532249B CN201310276127.1A CN201310276127A CN103532249B CN 103532249 B CN103532249 B CN 103532249B CN 201310276127 A CN201310276127 A CN 201310276127A CN 103532249 B CN103532249 B CN 103532249B
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B·埃利亚斯
R·佩尔
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/38—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/39—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer with position-responsive activation of primary coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于将电能从设置在静止单元里面的初级线圈（2）感应式地传输到设置在车辆（12）里面的次级线圈（11）的设备，其中，所述初级线圈（2）和/或所述次级线圈（11）具有至少一个可通断的线圈引出头（6，7），用于调整对于感应式地传输能量有效的线圈长度。

Description

用于感应式地传输电能的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于感应式地将电能从设置在静止单元里面的初级线圈传输到设置在车辆中的次级线圈的设备。
背景技术
电驱动的车辆需要充电设备，用于给电蓄能器以规则的间隔再充电。在使用者通过使充电电缆与安置在车辆里面的插座接通而触发充电过程的充电设备中，该充电设备由于缺少使用友好性而不受欢迎。取而代之，在电动车中的趋势是基于无接触能量传输的充电设备。
一般至少一初级线圈产生一磁场，该磁场能够跨过气隙传输能量到次级线圈。但是越过气隙的有效和可靠的能量传输需要良好地定位初级线圈和次级线圈，因此最佳的是，车辆这样驻停在（充电）设备上方，使得次级线圈精确地叠置于初级线圈上方。但是如果车辆相对于最佳位置错开地驻停，则损失增加，且同时充电时间增加。
由EP2113180A2已知用于感应地传输电能的设备，其设计成毯子并且包括作为丝线织入的导（电）体。停放在这个设备上的耗电器可以与其位置无关地被供能。
在DE102009033239A1中建议一种用于感应地传输电能的设备，其中设有多个矩阵式设置的相同形式的初级线圈。为了补偿可能出现的在静止的初级线圈与设置在车辆中的次级线圈之间的错位，分别给与驻停在所述设备上方的车辆的相应次级线圈相重叠的初级线圈通电。但是用于大量独立的初级线圈和次级线圈的结构费用是高昂的。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，给出一种用于感应地传输电能的设备，其中车辆可以以较大的误差相对于该设备定位。
为了实现这个目的，在开头所述类型的设备中按照本发明规定，所述初级线圈和/或次级线圈具有至少一个可切换的线圈引出头/线圈分接头，用以调整对于感应地传输能量有效的线圈长度。
本发明基于这种认知，即：通过使两个线圈中的至少一个线圈具有可用以适配有效线圈长度的线圈引出头，可以实现所期望的定位误差补偿。这意味着，仅线圈的与另外的线圈相重叠的那部分会被激活。由此避免，不与另外的线圈相重叠的线圈部分产生电磁场。
在按照本发明的设备中可以规定，所述设备具有用于切换所述至少一个线圈引出头的控制装置。利用该控制装置可以切换相应的线圈引出头，即，所述控制装置可以激活或去活确定的线圈引出头。通过这种方式确定，初级线圈的确定部分是否产生电磁场或者是否类似地可以激活或去活次级线圈的确定区域。
通过将所述控制装置设计成用于检测出在其接通时使初级线圈和次级线圈最佳地相互对准的那个线圈引出头，可以实现特别高的效率。为此所述控制装置可以具有相应的测量装置，该测量装置能够确定藉之以高效率进行充电过程的最佳的线圈引出头。
本发明的一改进方案规定，所述初级线圈可配设有第一控制装置而次级线圈配设有与第一控制装置通信的第二控制装置。在这个设计方案中不仅初级线圈而且次级线圈都分别具有一个或多个可切换的线圈引出头，由此能够特别灵活地适配于车辆相对于静止的初级线圈的实际位置。
按照本发明，特别优选所述初级线圈和/或次级线圈设计成基本为筒形并且在两个对置的端部部段上具有至少一个可切换的线圈引出头。可切换的线圈引出头可以改变两个线圈中的一个或这两个线圈的在充电过程中作用的有效长度，由此能够实现特别好的匹配。所述初级线圈和次级线圈此时可以分别具有设置在相应线圈内部的线圈芯。
本发明的另一改进方案规定，所述初级线圈基本横向于车辆纵轴线地设置在地基/底座上或地基中。由此实现通过相应地切换线圈引出头来补偿车辆的横向错位的可能性。通过这个措施增加驻车位置的允差，由此又得到特别好的使用友好性。
本发明也可以用于下面的其它应用。可以使用由不同大小或宽度的车辆所要求的、不同宽度的次级线圈。通过将初级线圈调整到相应的不同的总宽度上，不同宽度的次级线圈同样可以无接触地且以高的效率用于传输能量。这种协调通过利用线圈引出头一起接通或分开线圈现存部分来实现。
初级线圈与次级线圈之间的不同间距、基本为竖直的间距如气隙同样可以通过切换线圈引出头来补偿。在初级线圈与次级线圈之间的间距发生变化时，次级侧上的电压水平也发生改变。为了重又达到理想的电压水平、即理论电压，可以在初级侧通过调整有效的线圈长度来改变绕组的数量。较少的绕组在次级侧上产生较低的电压。这种在次级侧上的电压变化可以随时执行，在充电过程期间也可以执行。
此外通过在初级侧上的、通过同时运行多个或所有初级线圈部段所造成的并联和多个或所有次级线圈部段的相应的并行激活，可以提高总体上传输的功率。
此外本发明还涉及一种机动车辆。按照本发明的机动车辆具有上述形式的用于感应地传输电能的设备的次级线圈。
附图说明
下面借助实施例参照附图详细解释本发明的其它优点和细节。附图简示出：
图1示出按照本发明的设备的示意图，
图2示出按照本发明的设备运行期间的电场，
图3示出车辆驻停在另一位置上时的与图2类似的视图，
图4示出车辆驻停在另一位置上时的另一运行状态。
具体实施方式
在图1中所示的用于感应式地传输电能的设备1包括初级线圈2，该初级线圈围绕作为线圈芯的、在安装状态下水平设置的纯铁体/铁氧体3卷绕。初级线圈2具有对置的端部部段4、5并且从端部部段4延伸到对置的端部部段5。
在图1中可以看出，初级线圈2具有多个线圈引出头6、7，其中线圈引出头6配属于在图1中位于左边的端部部段4，而线圈引出头7配属于在图1中在右边示出的端部部段5。线圈引出头6、7分别与一多级的开关8、9联接，这两个开关8、9连接在控制装置10上。控制装置10控制两个开关8、9，由此分别连接或接通初级线圈2的端部部段4、5的各一确定部分。在图1中看出，利用开关8、9可分别接通各一确定的导线路径，由此可以确定初级线圈2的有效长度。在所示的实施例中，开关8、9具有三个不同的切换位置，但是在其它实施例中也可以设有仅仅两个切换位置或者多于三个的切换位置。控制装置10控制通过初级线圈2的电流，通过该电流产生一电磁场，该电磁场在车辆12的次级线圈11中感生出电压。次级线圈11与初级线圈2一致地具有纯铁体13并且连接在车辆12的可充电的电池上。通过车辆12下方的气隙15或自由空间实现能量传输。
初级线圈2内置到地基14里面，由此当车辆12驻停在地基14上时对车辆12的电蓄能器充电。
利用在初级线圈2的端部部段4、5区域中的多个线圈引出头6、7，可以适配车辆12的实际侧向驻停位置。只有当初级线圈2和次级线圈11几乎叠合地定位时，才产生有效的、低损失的充电。
图2示出当车辆2驻停在最佳位置的左侧时设备1的运行。在这种情况下通过控制装置10这样控制开关8、9，即：选择近似位于车辆12次级线圈11下方的线圈引出头6、7。由此产生的场密度16显示出，利用开关8、9可以补偿定位偏差，即，相应于驻停的车辆12的位置而适配和调整有效使用的初级线圈2部段。
图3是与图2类似的视图，但是车辆12几乎居中地驻停在初级线圈2上方。相应地，接通重新由控制装置10选择的线圈引出头6、7并且使次级线圈11的有效长度适配于车辆12的实际驻停位置。由此得到不同于在图2中所示的实施例的场密度16。
最后，图4示出另一运行状态，其中车辆12远远地驻停在初级线圈2的右侧。相应地，由控制装置10选择重新匹配的线圈引出头6、7并且通过开关8、9接通。由此建立的场密度16对于车辆12的该位置是最佳的。
在图4中，双箭头17指示出在车辆12横向上的、可以通过设备1补偿的运行范围或误差范围。设备1能够特别容易地操作，因为在充电过程中不增加对于机动车辆精确定位在初级线圈2上方的要求。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于将电能从设置在静止单元中的初级线圈感应式地传输到设置在车辆中的次级线圈的设备，其特征在于，所述初级线圈(2)和/或所述次级线圈(11)具有至少一个可通断的线圈引出头(6，7)，用以调整对于感应式的能量传输有效的线圈长度，初级线圈基本横向于车辆纵轴线地设置在地基上或者设置在地基中，所述设备具有用于切换所述至少一个线圈引出头(6，7)的控制装置(10)，以补偿驻停的车辆的横向错位。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述控制装置(10)被设计成用于检测出在接通时使初级线圈(2)和次级线圈(11)最佳地相互对准的那个线圈引出头(6，7)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述初级线圈(2)配设有第一控制装置，所述次级线圈(11)配设有与第一控制装置通信的第二控制装置。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述初级线圈(2)和/或所述次级线圈(11)设计成基本为筒形并且在两个对置的端部部段(4，5)上具有至少一个可通断的线圈引出头(6，7)。
5.一种车辆，其特征在于，该车辆具有根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的用于感应式地传输能量的设备的次级线圈(11)。
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