CN103531465B - 快恢复二极管制备方法 - Google Patents

快恢复二极管制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103531465B
CN103531465B CN201310419510.8A CN201310419510A CN103531465B CN 103531465 B CN103531465 B CN 103531465B CN 201310419510 A CN201310419510 A CN 201310419510A CN 103531465 B CN103531465 B CN 103531465B
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王全
董洁琼
孙德明
周伟
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Shanghai IC R&D Center Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种快恢复二极管制备方法,包括如下步骤:在N‑型衬底表面生长一牺牲氧化层;在衬底上形成一P型掺杂场限环区;在衬底上形成一P型掺杂阳极区;刻蚀去除牺牲氧化层;对衬底退火,以形成PN结;通过离子注入向衬底表面注入氧;对衬底退火,以在衬底表面形成二氧化硅层;刻蚀去除二氧化硅层;形成快恢复二极管的阳极、阴极电极。其消除了PN结形貌在靠近硅表面处的弯曲部,减小了此处的电场强度,从而提高了快恢复二极管器件击穿电压以及可靠性。

Description

快恢复二极管制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体加工制造领域,更具体地说,涉及一种快恢复二极管的制备方法。
背景技术
快恢复二极管(简称FRD)是一种具有开关特性好、反向恢复时间短特点的半导体二极管,主要应用于开关电源、PWM脉宽调制器、变频器等电子电路中,作为高频整流二极管、续流二极管或阻尼二极管使用。快恢复二极管的内部结构与普通PN结二极管不同,它属于PIN结型二极管,即在P型硅材料与N型硅材料中间增加了基区I,构成PIN硅片。因基区很薄,反向恢复电荷很小,所以快恢复二极管的反向恢复时间较短,正向压降较低,反向击穿电压(耐压值)较高。
随着IGBT等功率器件的快速发展,与之配套使用的FRD器件也成为功率电子系统中不可或缺的器件。对于和高压IGBT配套使用的FRD功率器件,其反向击穿电压与反向恢复特性和正向导通压降一样重要,而FRD器件的击穿电压低于IGBT的击穿电压会损坏模块中IGBT器件。
图1示出现有技术中一种快恢复二极管器件结构,该器件包括N-型衬底10、P型掺杂场限环区101、P型掺杂阳极区102、通过背注形成的N+型掺杂区103、场氧层40、以及第一、第二金属层50、60;其中,场限环101与阳极区102均在N-型衬底上进行掺杂而形成,场氧层40生长于衬底表面,第一金属层50在场氧层40之上沉积形成,并最终形成为快恢复二极管阳极电极,N+型掺杂区103在衬底10背面形成,第二金属层60沉积于N+型掺杂区103之上,形成为阴极电极。
该结构采用了场限环(field-limiting ring,简称FLR)和场板(field plate,简称FP)技术来提高FRD器件的击穿电压,但是,在其制备工艺中,通常采用传统平面工艺,场限环区101和阳极区102通过离子注入、再经退火形成所需的PN结。退火工艺后形成的PN结形貌在图1中示出,在靠近硅表面会形成弯曲部70,该弯曲部70会使PN结曲率半径减小,使电场在弯曲处积聚,容易发生击穿,从而导致FRD器件击穿电压和可靠性的下降。
因此,避免PN结形貌出现弯曲部,从而提高FRD器件击穿电压,是本发明需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种快恢复二极管制备方法,其能避免PN结形貌出现弯曲部。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种快恢复二极管制备方法,包括如下步骤:a)、在N-型衬底表面生长一牺牲氧化层;b)、在衬底上形成一P型掺杂场限环区;c)、在衬底上形成一P型掺杂阳极区;d)、刻蚀去除牺牲氧化层;e)、对衬底退火,以形成PN结;f)、通过离子注入向衬底表面注入氧;g)、对衬底退火,以在衬底表面形成二氧化硅层;h)、刻蚀去除二氧化硅层;i)、形成快恢复二极管的阳极、阴极电极。
优选地,步骤f)中,离子注入氧的剂量为1e18/cm2至1e19/cm2,能量为15KeV至150KeV。
优选地,步骤g)中,退火温度为600-1300度。
优选地,步骤b)具体包括:在衬底上以光刻定义出场限环区域图形,并通过离子注入B,去除光刻胶,形成P型掺杂场限环区。
优选地,步骤c)具体包括:在衬底上以光刻定义出阳极区图形,并通过离子注入B,去除光刻胶,形成P型掺杂阳极区。
本发明提供的快恢复二极管制备方法,在制备工艺过程中,通过向衬底表面离子注入氧、退火形成二氧化硅层、刻蚀去除二氧化硅层等步骤,消除了PN结形貌在靠近硅表面处的弯曲部,减小了此处的电场强度,从而提高了FRD器件击穿电压以及可靠性。该制备方法实施简单,便于在行业内推广应用。
附图说明
图1示出现有技术中一种快恢复二极管器件结构示意图;
图2示出本发明一个实施例提供的快恢复二极管制备方法流程示意图;
图3A-3H示出快恢复二极管制备方法的各步骤中器件结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详细说明。
如图2所示,本发明一个实施例提供的快恢复二极管制备方法,包括如下工艺步骤。
步骤S10、在N-型衬底表面生长一层牺牲氧化层。
具体地,衬底为N-型掺杂硅衬底10,其表面生长的牺牲氧化层20厚度为,此时,器件结构如图3A所示。
步骤S11、在衬底上形成P型掺杂场限环区域。
具体地,在N-型衬底10上涂膜光刻胶30,以第一次光刻定义出场限环区域的图形,并向衬底10表面离子注入B,如图3B所示;随后去除光刻胶30,从而形成P型掺杂的场限环区101。
进一步地,B注入剂量为1e14/cm2至1e15/cm2,能量为60KeV至100KeV。
步骤S12、在衬底上形成P型掺杂阳极区。
具体地,在N-型衬底上涂膜光刻胶31,以第二次光刻定义出阳极区图形,并通过离子注入B,如图3C所示;随后去除光刻胶31,形成P型掺杂的阳极区102。
进一步地,B注入剂量为1e12/cm2至8e12/cm2,能量为60KeV至100KeV。
步骤S13、刻蚀去除牺牲氧化层20。
具体地,可通过包含氢氟酸的刻蚀材料对N-型衬底10表面进行刻蚀,以去除牺牲氧化层20。
步骤S14、对衬底10退火,以形成PN结。
该步骤中,退火温度大体为1200度,退火时间大体为300分钟,退火工艺使得场限环区101和阳极区102扩大,此时,形成PN结的器件结构如图3D所示,PN结靠近硅表面处的形貌会形成弯曲部,PN结曲率半径减小,使电场在弯曲处积聚。
步骤S15、通过离子注入向衬底表面注入氧。
具体地,离子注入氧的剂量为1e18/cm2至1e19/cm2,能量为15KeV至150KeV。
步骤S16、对衬底退火,以在衬底表面形成二氧化硅层30。
其中,退火温度为600-1300度,时间例如为30分钟至300分钟,从而使衬底表面的硅被氧化,从而形成二氧化硅层30,此时,器件结构如图3E所示。
步骤S17、刻蚀去除二氧化硅层30。
具体地,可通过氢氟酸刻蚀N-型衬底10表面,去除因步骤S16的退火工艺而在衬底表面形成的二氧化硅层30,此时器件结构如图3F所示。
经步骤S15、S16和S17后,相比于图3D所示的器件结构,已明显消除了PN结形貌上出现的弯曲部。
步骤S18、形成快恢复二极管的阳极、阴极电极。
该步骤可具体包括如下分步骤:1)、在衬底表面生长一场氧层40;2)、在场氧层上通过光刻、刻蚀定义出场板结构;3)、在衬底表面沉积第一金属层50;4)、对第一金属层50光刻、刻蚀,以形成为快恢复二极管的阳极,此时器件结构如图3G所示;5)、从衬底背面研磨硅片,使其减薄至所需厚度;6)、在衬底背面离子注入磷并进行退火,形成一层N+型掺杂区103;7)、在衬底背面沉积第二金属层60,并形成为快恢复二极管的阴极,此时器件结构如图3H所示。
具体地,上述分步骤1)中,在衬底表面生长一场氧层40,厚度为再通过第三次光刻形成场氧区。
上述分步骤4)中,分别通过第四次、第五次光刻形成接触孔和阳极电极,其中,接触孔用于连接第一金属层50与阳极区102。
进一步地,第一金属层50可经光刻而形成第一金属区和第二金属区,第一金属区通过开孔与阳极区102相连,最终形成为快恢复二极管的阳极;第二金属区通过开孔与场限环区101相连,形成为搭在场板上的金属环。
上述分步骤7)中,第二金属层60与N+型掺杂区103在结合面形成欧姆接触,以不形成附加阻抗;第二金属层60以背金工艺形成,并作为快恢复二极管器件的阴极,可增加快恢复二极管导电性能,并提升其散热效果。
上述实施例提供的快恢复二极管制备方法,通过向衬底表面离子注入氧、退火形成二氧化硅层、刻蚀去除二氧化硅层等步骤,消除了PN结形貌在靠近硅表面处的弯曲部,减小了此处的电场强度,从而提高了FRD器件击穿电压以及可靠性。同时,该制备方法实施简单,便于在行业内推广应用。
可以理解,在本发明的具体实施过程中,形成P型掺杂场限环区域和阳极区域的工艺步骤、以及形成快恢复二极管的阳极、阴极电极的工艺步骤均可采用现有技术中任意类似的技术;只要在快恢复二极管的制备方法中,运用了离子注入氧、退火形成二氧化硅层以及刻蚀去除二氧化硅层的工艺步骤,用以消除PN结形貌中出现的弯曲部,均应视为符合本发明的思想。
以上所述的仅为本发明的优选实施例,所述实施例并非用以限制本发明的专利保护范围,因此凡是运用本发明的说明书及附图内容所作的等同结构变化,同理均应包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种快恢复二极管制备方法,包括如下步骤:
a)、在N-型衬底表面生长一牺牲氧化层;
b)、在所述衬底上形成一P型掺杂场限环区;
c)、在所述衬底上形成一P型掺杂阳极区;
d)、刻蚀去除所述牺牲氧化层;
e)、对所述衬底退火,以形成PN结;
f)、通过离子注入向所述衬底表面注入氧;
g)、对所述衬底退火,以在所述衬底表面形成二氧化硅层;
h)、刻蚀去除所述二氧化硅层,以消除PN结靠近硅表面处形成的弯曲部;
i)、形成所述快恢复二极管的阳极、阴极电极。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤f)中,离子注入氧的剂量为1e18/cm2至1e19/cm2,能量为15KeV至150KeV。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤g)中,退火温度为600-1300摄氏度。
4.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤a)中:所述牺牲氧化层厚度为
5.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤b)具体包括:在所述衬底上以光刻定义出场限环区域图形,并通过离子注入B,去除光刻胶,形成所述P型掺杂场限环区。
6.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤b)中,B注入剂量为1e14/cm2至1e15/cm2,能量为60KeV至100KeV。
7.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤c)具体包括:在所述衬底上以光刻定义出阳极区图形,并通过离子注入B,去除光刻胶,形成所述P型掺杂阳极区。
8.如权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤c)中,B注入剂量为1e12/cm2至8e12/cm2,能量为60KeV至100KeV。
9.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤e)中,退火温度为1200度,退火时间为300分钟。
10.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤i)中,具体包括如下步骤:
i1)、在所述衬底表面生长一层场氧层;
i2)、在所述场氧层上通过光刻、刻蚀定义出场板结构;
i3)、沉积第一金属层;
i4)、对所述第一金属层光刻、刻蚀,形成为所述快恢复二极管的阳极;
i5)、减薄硅片所述衬底至所需厚度;
i6)、在所述衬底背面离子注入磷并退火,形成一层N+区;
i7)、在所述衬底背面沉积第二金属层,形成为所述快恢复二极管的阴极。
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