CN103524592B - 一种雷公藤红素衍生物、该衍生物的生物盐及其制备方法与用途 - Google Patents
一种雷公藤红素衍生物、该衍生物的生物盐及其制备方法与用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种雷公藤红素衍生物、该衍生物的生物盐及其制备方法与用途。所述雷公藤红素具有如下所示的结构,将所述雷公藤红素衍生物与药用可接受的无机酸或有机酸混合反应制备获得所述衍生物的生物盐。所述雷公藤红素衍生物、该衍生物的生物盐可以作为制备抗肝纤维化药物,同时,通过在C-28位羧酸引入含氮的亲水性基团,以及将所述的雷公藤红素衍生物盐化,显著改善了其药代性质,提高了生物利用度,增加了安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种雷公藤红素衍生物以及该衍生物的生物盐,尤其涉及的是一种雷公藤红素衍生物、该衍生物的生物盐及其制备方法与用途。
背景技术
肝纤维化指肝组织内细胞外基质(ECM)成分过度增生与异常沉积,会导致肝脏结构或功能异常的病理变化,结构上表现为肝窦毛细血管化与肝小叶内以及汇管区纤维化,功能上可以表现为肝功能减退、门静脉高压等。肝纤维化常见于大多数不同病因的慢性肝脏疾病中,进一步发展可形成肝硬化。我国属乙型肝炎病毒感染高流行区,慢性乙型肝炎发展为肝硬化的估计年发生率为2.1%,抗肝纤维化是慢性肝病的重要治疗措施和关键问题。肝星状细胞在肝纤维化中起着重要的作用,正常情况下肝星状细胞处于静止状态。当肝脏受到肝炎病毒、乙醇、药物与毒物、代谢和遗传、胆汁淤积、自身免疫性肝病等多种损伤因素长期慢性刺激时,肝星状细胞被激活,其表型由静止型转变为激活型,转变为肌成纤维细胞,表达α-平滑肌动蛋白、沉积ECM等。肝星状细胞的持续激活是肝纤维化发生发展过程中的关键环节。
雷公藤红素(Celastrol),又名南蛇藤素,是从雷公藤根皮中分离到五环三萜类化合物。具有确切的抗炎、免疫抑制及抗癌作用。研究表明,雷公藤红素对狼疮性肾炎肾小球硬化有防治作用,对支气管哮喘气道炎症有抑制作用,对结肠炎大鼠有显著保护作用,同时具有诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡和抑制肿瘤血管内皮细胞生长的作用,但是对肝纤维化的研究甚少。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种雷公藤红素衍生物、该衍生物的生物盐及其制备方法与用途,所述雷公藤红素衍生物、该衍生物的生物盐具有制备抗肝纤维化药物的作用。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种雷公藤红素的衍生物,具有如下所示的结构:
其中,R1或R2分别为H、C1~C6的链状烷烃、芳烃或取代烃,所述取代烃为含氧、硫杂原子的上述烷烃或芳烃;或者R1、R2成环,所述环为C4~C6环或杂环,所述杂环为含氮和/或氧的六元、七元环。
优选地,所述链状烷烃选自甲基、乙基、羟乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、正戊基和正己基中的一种。
优选地,所述杂环选自四氢吡咯基、哌啶基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、高哌嗪基和N-取代哌嗪基中的一种。
一种制备上述雷公藤红素衍生物的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将0.1mol的雷公藤红素、0.1~0.5mol的1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐、0.1~0.5mol的1-羟基苯并三唑和0.1~0.5mol的含氮化合物溶于二氯甲烷中配成浓度为0.1~0.5mol/L的溶液,冰浴搅拌30min,加入0.2~0.5mol的三乙胺,室温搅拌12~24h,点板检测,待雷公藤红素反应完全后,停止反应,获得反应液,其中,所述含氮化合物选自C1~C6的链状胺、四氢吡咯、哌啶、苯胺和含氧、硫杂原子取代的胺的一种;
(2)将步骤(1)中的反应液中加入3~6倍体积的去离子水,用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并所述萃取过程中的上层液体,无水Na2SO4干燥,旋转蒸发浓缩得暗红色油状的粗产物;
(3)将步骤(2)中的粗产物经硅胶柱层析分离,将得到的洗脱液点板检测,选择可见光下显黄色且极性大于雷公藤红素的洗脱液,合并洗脱液;其中,所述硅胶柱层析的流动相为体积比为1:1的石油醚与乙酸乙酯混合液或体积比为20:1的氯仿与甲醇混合液。
(4)减压蒸馏步骤(3)中的洗脱液,得到的产物干燥后,即获得所述雷公藤红素衍生物。
本发明还提供了所述的雷公藤红素衍生物作为制备抗肝纤维化药物的用途。
一种雷公藤红素衍生物的生物盐,其特征在于,所述生物盐具有如下所示的结构:
一种制备上述雷公藤红素衍生物的生物盐的方法,包括以下步骤:
将所述的雷公藤红素衍生物与药用可接受的无机酸或有机酸混合反应,制成的水溶性衍生物即为所述生物盐,其中,所述药用可接受的无机酸选自盐酸、硫酸和磷酸的一种,所述有机酸选自柠檬酸、苹果酸和福马酸的一种。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点:
1、本发明提供了一种雷公藤红素衍生物、该衍生物的生物盐及其制备方法,所述衍生物通过在C-28位羧酸引入含氮的亲水性基团,极大地提高了水溶性,将所述衍生物制备成盐获得的所述衍生物的生物盐,其水溶性又进一步得到了提高,因此与化合物雷公藤红素相比,其生物利用度有明显改善,同时增加了制剂的选择性。
2、本发明还提供了上述雷公藤红素衍生物、该衍生物的生物盐在制备抗肝纤维化药物中的用途。所述雷公藤红素衍生物在体外抗肝纤维化活性评价结果表明:所述雷公藤红素衍生物与阳性对照药相比,具有较好的抑制肝星状细胞活化增值的活性,并且其脂水分布系数明显低于雷公藤红素;这说明本发明在雷公藤红素的C-28羧基引入亲水性基团,显著改善了其药代性质,提高了生物利用度,增加了安全性。
附图说明
图1为雷公藤红素衍生物a~g的合成路线图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明,本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
本发明具体实施方式中涉及的雷公藤红素衍生物如表1所示:
表1 雷公藤红素衍生物的不同基团
实施例1
衍生物a的制备(合成路线如图1所示)
将雷公藤红素(20mg,0.044mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(3ml),加入EDC·HCl(43mg,0.22mmol)、HOBT(30mg,0.22mmol)、甲胺盐酸盐(23mg,0.35mmol),冰浴搅拌反应30min,加入三乙胺(50μl),室温搅拌反应12h,二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机层,无水Na2SO4干燥,旋转蒸发浓缩得暗红色油状物的粗产物。所述粗产物经快速硅胶柱层析(流动相为体积比为1:1的石油醚与乙酸乙酯混合液)分离纯化,产物经真空干燥得暗红色固体8mg,即为雷公藤红素衍生物a,产率为39%。
所述雷公藤红素衍生物a的波谱分析如下所示:M.p.133℃;1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):6.98(d,1H,J=4.4Hz,H-6),6.50(s,1H,H-1),6.31(d,1H,J=4.8Hz,H-7),5.75(d,1H,J=2.8Hz,-NH),2.64(d,3H,J=2.8Hz,1'-CH3),2.18(s,3H,4-CH3),1.41(s,3H,9-CH3),1.23(s,3H,20-CH3),1.12(s,3H,14-CH3),1.09(s,3H,17-CH3),0.59(s,3H,13-CH3)。
实施例2
衍生物b的制备(合成路线如图1所示)
雷公藤红素(20mg,0.044mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(3ml),加入EDC·HCl(43mg,0.22mmol)、HOBT(30mg,0.22mmol)、盐酸二甲胺(30mg,0.37mmol),冰浴搅拌反应30min,加入三乙胺(50μl),室温搅拌反应过夜,二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机层,无水Na2SO4干燥,旋转蒸发浓缩得暗红色油状物的粗产物;所述粗产物经快速硅胶柱层析(流动相为体积比为1:1的石油醚与乙酸乙酯混合液)分离纯化,经真空干燥得红色固体5mg,即为雷公藤红素衍生物b,产率为23%。
所述雷公藤红素衍生物b的波谱分析如下所示:M.p.142℃;1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):7.04(d,1H,J=6.8Hz,H-6),6.54(s,1H,H-1),6.36(d,1H,J=6.8Hz,H-7),3.20(s,3H,1'-CH3),2.81(s,3H,2'-CH3),2.22(s,3H,4-CH3),1.46(s,3H,9-CH3),1.28(s,3H,20-CH3),1.28(s,3H,14-CH3),1.14(s,3H,17-CH3),0.54(s,3H,13-CH3)。
实施例3
衍生物c的制备(合成路线如图1所示)
雷公藤红素(46mg,0.10mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(3ml),加入EDC·HCl(24mg,0.13mmol)、HOBT(17mg,0.13mmol)、乙醇胺(7.9μl,0.13mmol),冰浴搅拌反应30min,加入三乙胺(22μl),室温搅拌反应过夜,二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机层,无水Na2SO4干燥,旋转蒸发浓缩得暗红色油状物的粗产物;所述粗产物经快速硅胶柱层析(流动相为体积比为1:1的石油醚与乙酸乙酯混合液)分离纯化,产物经真空干燥得暗红色固体10mg,即为雷公藤红素衍生物c,产率为20%。
所述雷公藤红素衍生物c的波谱分析如下所示:M.p.183℃,1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):6.98(d,1H,J=4.6Hz,H-6),6.49(s,1H,H-1),6.30(d,1H,J=4.6Hz,H-7),3.61(m,2H,H-2'),2.26(m,2H,H-1'),2.18(s,3H,4-CH3),1.40(s,3H,9-CH3),1.22(s,3H,20-CH3),1.14(s,3H,14-CH3),1.09(s,3H,17-CH3),0.61(s,3H,13-CH3)。
实施例4
衍生物d的制备(合成路线如图1所示)
雷公藤红素(20mg,0.044mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(3ml),加入EDC·HCl(43mg,0.22mmol)、HOBT(30mg,0.22mmol)、吗啉(38mg,0.44mmol),室温搅拌反应24h,二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机层,无水Na2SO4干燥,旋转蒸发浓缩得暗红色油状物的粗产物;所述粗产物经快速硅胶柱层析(流动相为体积比为2:1的石油醚与乙酸乙酯混合液)分离纯化,产物经真空浓缩得暗红色固体4mg,即为雷公藤红素衍生物d,产率为17%。
所述雷公藤红素衍生物d的波谱分析如下所示:M.p.135℃;1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):6.99(d,1H,J=4.7Hz,H-6),6.50(s,1H,H-1),6.32(d,1H,J=4.8Hz,H-7),3.61(m,8H,H-1',2',3',4'),2.18(s,3H,4-CH3),1.43(s,3H,9-CH3),1.26(s,3H,20-CH3),1.25(s,3H,14-CH3),1.11(s,3H,17-CH3),0.58(s,3H,13-CH3)。
实施例5
衍生物e的制备(合成路线如图1所示)
雷公藤红素(40mg,0.088mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(2ml),加入EDC·HCl(6mg,0.44mmol)、HOBT(60mg,0.44mmol)、4-吗啉基-2-乙基哌嗪(174mg,0.88mmol),室温搅拌反应24h,二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机层,无水Na2SO4干燥,旋转蒸发浓缩得暗红色油状物的粗产物;所述粗产物经快速硅胶柱层析(流动相为体积比为20:1的氯仿与甲醇的混合液)分离纯化,产物经真空浓缩得暗红色固体8mg,即为雷公藤红素衍生物e,产率为14%。
所述雷公藤红素衍生物e的质谱分析如下所示:M.p.120℃;1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):6.99(d,1H,J=4.7Hz,H-6),6.50(s,1H,H-1),6.32(d,1H,J=4.8Hz,H-7),3.68(m,8H,H-7',8',9',10'),2.48-2.45(m,12H,H-1',2',3',4',5',6'),2.18(s,3H,4-CH3),1.42(s,3H,9-CH3),1.25(s,3H,20-CH3),1.23(s,3H,14-CH3),1.10(s,3H,17-CH3),0.56(s,3H,13-CH3)。
实施例6
衍生物f的制备(合成路线如图1所示)
雷公藤红素(20mg,0.044mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(3ml),加入EDC·HCl(43mg,0.22mmol)、HOBT(30mg,0.22mmol)、1-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪(100μl,0.16mmol),室温搅拌反应24h,二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机层,无水Na2SO4干燥,旋转蒸发浓缩得暗红色油状物的粗产物;所述粗产物经快速硅胶柱层析(流动相为体积比为20:1的氯仿与甲醇的混合液)分离纯化,产物经真空浓缩得暗红色固体10mg,即为雷公藤红素衍生物f,产率为40%。
所述雷公藤红素衍生物f的波谱分析如下所示:M.p.152℃;1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):7.00(d,1H,J=4.4Hz,H-6),6.50(s,1H,H-1),6.33(d,1H,J=4.8Hz,H-7),3.62(6H,m,H-1',4',6'),2.5-2.44(6H,m,H-2',3',5'),2.18(s,3H,4-CH3),1.43(s,3H,9-CH3),1.26(s,3H,20-CH3),1.25(s,3H,14-CH3),1.11(s,3H,17-CH3),0.57(s,3H,13-CH3)。
实施例7
衍生物g的制备(合成路线如图1所示)
雷公藤红素(20mg,0.044mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(3ml),加入EDC·HCl(43mg,0.22mmol)、HOBT(30mg,0.22mmol)、1-(2-二甲基氨基乙基)哌嗪(69μl,0.44mmol),室温搅拌反应24h,二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机层,无水Na2SO4干燥,旋转蒸发浓缩得暗红色油状物的粗产物;所述粗产物经快速硅胶柱层析(氯仿:甲醇=20:1)分离纯化,产物经真空浓缩得暗红色固体7mg,即为雷公藤红素衍生物g,产率为27%。
所述雷公藤红素衍生物g的波谱分析如下所示:M.p.129℃;1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):6.99(d,1H,J=4.8Hz,H-6),6.49(s,1H,H-1),6.32(d,1H,J=4.8Hz,H-7),2.45(4H,m,H-1',4'),2.26(8H,m,H-2',3',5',6'),1.22(6H,s,H-7',8'),1.42(s,3H,4-CH3),1.25(s,3H,9-CH3),1.24(s,3H,20-CH3),1.22(s,3H,14-CH3),1.11(s,3H,17-CH3),0.56(s,3H,13-CH3)。
实施例8
衍生物f的盐酸盐的制备
将实施例6中合成的雷公藤红素衍生物f(30mg,0.053mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(5ml),搅拌,滴加1.0mol/L盐酸溶液(100μl),室温搅拌反应2h,加入去离子水(3ml),放置12h,抽滤,减压干燥,得红色粉末28mg,即为雷公藤红素衍生物f的盐酸盐,产率为87%。
试验例1
雷公藤红素衍生物a~h的油水分布系数测定
精密量取0.1mg/ml的上述实施例1~7中制备的雷公藤红素衍生物a~g的储备液1ml,加入正辛醇的饱和水溶液1ml,放入振荡器中,温度保持在37±1℃,振摇24h,直至平衡,以3000r/min离心10min,取上层正辛醇溶液20μl注入高效液相色谱仪,记录峰面积,取0.1mg/ml的阳性对照品溶液(所述阳性对照品为表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯,以下简称EGCG)和阴性对照品溶液(所述阴性对照品为雷公藤红素)各20μl,注入液相色谱仪,记录峰面积。按外标法计算雷公藤红素衍生物浓度,进而计算分配系数,计算公式如下:
Cw=(C1-Co)×Vo/Vw
logP=log(Co/Cw)
上式中logP为雷公藤红素衍生物的油水分配系数;C1为雷公藤红素衍生物在正辛醇中的初始浓度,即储备液浓0.1mg/ml;Vo为被水饱和的正辛醇体积;Co为药物分配平衡时在正辛醇层相中测得的雷公藤红素衍生物浓度,Vw为水相体积。
试验例2
雷公藤红素衍生物a~g的体外抗纤维化实验
将对数生长期的大鼠肝星状细胞HSC-T6用胰蛋白酶消化,制成的4×104个/ml细胞悬液,接种于96孔细胞培养板,每孔加人细胞悬液200ul,置于37℃的含体积比为5%的CO2温箱中培养24h,且每孔加转化生长因子(TGF-β)2μg/ml刺激活化。弃去细胞上清液,阴性药组加DMEM培养基100μl,给药组和阳性药组加含药的DMEM培养基100ul,置培养箱继续培养24h,终止培养前4h每孔加20μl的MTT溶液(5mg/ml),弃去上清液加入150μl/孔的DMSO(二甲基亚枫),震荡10min。用自动酶标仪于吸收波长490nm条件下测其吸光度,根据抑制率计算样品对细胞增殖的半数抑制浓度IC50,其中,所述阴性药组的样品为雷公藤红素,所述阳性药组的样品为EGCG。
本发明所述雷公藤红素衍生物a~g的油水分布系数测定和体外抗纤维化测定的结果如表2所示。
表2油水分布系数和抑制HSC-T6活化增殖的
化合物 | logP | IC50(μM) |
雷公藤红素 | 4.38 | 2.59 |
a | 3.96 | 4.15 |
b | 4.20 | 3.42 |
c | 3.44 | 2.51 |
d | 3.80 | 3.82 |
e | 3.50 | 4.10 |
f | 3.44 | 5.59 |
g | 3.95 | 4.61 |
EGCG | 2.07 | 40.45 |
本发明的试验例1与试验例2的结果表明:
(1)本发明提供的雷公藤红素衍生物在体外具有良好的抗纤维化作用;
(2)雷公藤红素衍生物的油水分布系数明显低于雷公藤红素;
(3)本发明涉及的雷公藤红衍生物与雷公藤红素比较具有良好的水溶性,改善了其生物利用度而产生更好的生物活性。
综上所述,本发明涉及的雷公藤红素衍生物与原料相比较,在稳定性、水溶性、活性及安全性上具有明显的改善,是一类更为理想的抗纤维化药物。
Claims (3)
1.一种雷公藤红素的衍生物的制备方法,该雷公藤红素的衍生物具有如下所示的结构:
其中,R1或R2分别为H、C1~C6的链状烷烃、芳烃或取代烃,所述取代烃为含氧、硫杂原子的上述烷烃或芳烃;或者R1、R2成环,所述环为C4~C6环或杂环,所述杂环为含氮和/或氧的六元、七元环,其特征在于:该雷公藤红素衍生物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将0.1mol的雷公藤红素、0.1~0.5mol的1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐、0.1~0.5mol的1-羟基苯并三唑和0.1~0.5mol的含氮化合物溶于二氯甲烷中配成浓度为0.1~0.5mol/L的溶液,冰浴搅拌30min,加入0.2~0.5mol的三乙胺,室温搅拌12~24h,点板检测,待雷公藤红素反应完全后,停止反应,获得反应液,其中,所述含氮化合物选自C1~C6的链状胺、四氢吡咯、哌啶、苯胺和含氧、硫杂原子取代的胺的一种;
(2)将步骤(1)中的反应液中加入3~6倍体积的去离子水,用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并所述萃取过程中的上层液体,无水Na2SO4干燥,旋转蒸发浓缩得暗红色油状的粗产物;
(3)将步骤(2)中的粗产物经硅胶柱层析分离,将得到的洗脱液点板检测,选择可见光下显黄色且极性大于雷公藤红素的洗脱液,合并洗脱液;其中,所述硅胶柱层析的流动相为体积比为1:1的石油醚与乙酸乙酯混合液或体积比为20:1的氯仿与甲醇混合液。
(4)减压蒸馏步骤(3)中的洗脱液,得到的产物干燥后,即获得所述雷公藤红素衍生物。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种雷公藤红素的衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述链状烷烃选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、正戊基和正己基中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种雷公藤红素的衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述杂环选自哌啶基、吗啉基、哌嗪基和高哌嗪基中的一种。
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