CN103518489A - Method and device for collecting field falling grains of oilseed rape combine harvester - Google Patents
Method and device for collecting field falling grains of oilseed rape combine harvester Download PDFInfo
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- CN103518489A CN103518489A CN201310475244.0A CN201310475244A CN103518489A CN 103518489 A CN103518489 A CN 103518489A CN 201310475244 A CN201310475244 A CN 201310475244A CN 103518489 A CN103518489 A CN 103518489A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and device for collecting field falling grains of an oilseed rape combine harvester. The problem that an existing oilseed rape combine harvester is large in harvest loss is solved. The method for collecting the field falling grains comprises the steps that oilseed rape grains in the falling process between straw in front of a header of the harvester are conveyed to a negative-pressure chamber in a collecting monomer to be collected through a collecting monomer inlet by utilizing negative-pressure airflow provided by a negative pressure fan, and the oilseed rape grains in the negative-pressure chamber of the collecting monomer are conveyed and collected to a selecting device on the tail portion of the harvester through a negative pressure channel in an air force conveying mode. The collecting device comprises a hanging frame capable of being connected with the header of the harvester in a hanging mode, a transverse negative pressure airflow collecting channel, the collecting monomer and a standing grain dividing and supporting plate. The hanging frame, the transverse negative pressure airflow collecting channel, the collecting monomer and the standing grain dividing and supporting plate are connected in sequence. The method is ingenious in concept, high in collecting efficiency and good in blocking removing effect. The device is simple in structure and convenient to operate, can be assembled on the common harvester header and effectively reduces the total loss ratio in the combine harvest of oilseed rapes, and meanwhile harvesting time is more abundant and more free.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural machinery, specifically a kind of field shattering gathering unit of rape combined harvester.
Background technology
Rape is a kind of important land for growing field crops economic crops.Yet China's rapeseed cultivation is in the manual work stage for a long time, current planting mechanization aggregate level is less than 10% still.In the numerous links of rape planting with machinery, mechanical harvest is one of link of the most difficult realization.Rape has that plant is tall and big, branch is numerous and is interweaved, seed is tiny, angle fruit distribution is large, the different ripe property of tool makes its mechanized harvest loss serious with agronomy and biological natures different from rice wheat such as splitting angle property, becomes one of the most difficult field crop of current mechanical harvest.Mechanized harvest is divided into swath harvesting and two kinds of modes of combining.For raising operating efficiency, saving manpower, rob farming season simultaneously, under field planting mode, be often more prone to combining.Research and development and the popularization of China's rape harvest machinery are started late, at present obtain national birth approval certificate and rape combined harvester that commercial all size model differs is by rice/wheat combine Transform Type design mostly, transaction capabilities is difficult to meet need of production.Contrasting machinery operation performance parameter can find, compare with the operation of other types crop harvesting, too high yield loss rate is that current domestic rape combined harvester tool is difficult to the basic reason of being taken like a shot by wide farmers always.In up-to-date agricultural machinery concerned countries industry standard, require the percent of loss of qualified grade products to meet paddy rice≤3.0%, wheat≤2.0%, soybean≤3.0%, corn≤3.0%, and rape is≤8%.Clean rate/percentage of impurity and percent of loss are to weigh two important indicators of harvest operation quality.Rape has extremely strong different ripe property and splits angle property.When adopting full feed type combining mode to gather in the crops, overdone angle fruit is subject to involving shock cracking and causes seed to come off too early when machinery divides standing grain, group standing grain and cutting; Underdone angle fruit is difficult to purify and discharges with clever shell and crushing straw when threshing, or causes blue or green stalk and angle fruit integrality to suffer that destruction is serious for purifying excessively to impact to crumple, and later separation is cleaned and is difficult to carry out.Seed comes off too early and causes spatter loss and header loss, underdone angle is really difficult to threshing and causes and do not purify loss, GVG breaks and causes carry secretly/separation losses to raise than Tai Gao and stalk, the broken essence of blue or green stalk and angle fruit causes deviating from mixture percentage of impurity, moisture content to raise, and adheres to stop up to clean sieve aperture and cause cleaning loss to increase sharply even cannot to work.Too high total loss rate has become the persistent ailment of existing traditional structure rape combined harvester development.The operation principle of existing combine and mechanism for a few mcroorganism mechanics features of rape (different ripe property, split angle property, GVG than high, plant is tall and big and interweave) adaptability poor be to cause combination machine to receive the high basic reason of percent of loss.
Above-mentioned total losses can be divided into front loss and rear loss two parts according to occurrence positions in machine, and front loss i.e. also field grain osses, comprises spatter loss and header loss two parts, then loss comprise do not purify, separation and cleaning loss.After to be lost in total losses proportion maximum, main cause be the too high GVG of cole crop than and moisture content.Front loss comes from the cutting loss that laterally side direction of minute standing grain loss, vertical cutter is divided standing grain loss and horizontal cutter of straw shift wheel.Although front loss proportion is not high, take and sacrifice rear loss as cost.Because existing results strategy is to select rape seed pod medium well in time, and mostly is sooner or later, so moisture content is higher.There is negative correlativing relation to a certain extent between the two in front loss and rear loss, before loss when higher, rear loss is often lower, vice versa.Between the high Rapeseed Field of maturity, grain osses is high, and the loss of threshing separating cleaning is little; Between the low Rapeseed Field of maturity, grain osses is low, and the loss of threshing separating cleaning is large.As long as therefore can effectively solve wherein one in this two large link, can significantly reduce the loss that combination machine is received.
After the many concerns of present research, lose and despised front loss, having some relations with artificial results experience." most probably yellow hundred per cent is received, the yellow twenty percent of hundred per cent loses ", " angle fruit loquat is yellow, gather in just suitable ", " otherwise lose, sooner or later receive " in farmer's proverb, " above green under Bai Zhonghuang, harvesting can not afternoon " etc. be all this theories.If in fact can effectively solve field grain osses, the harvesting time of rape can be passed two to three days and can be at fine day high noon or in the afternoon carry out backward, so more be conducive to further ripe and effective material water ratio that reduces of rape, to be conducive to follow-up efficient threshing and separating cleaning process.
Chinese utility model patent (patent No. 200820096462), has announced a kind of band and has been useful on side direction and divides the vertical cutter of standing grain and the rape of floor extension the special-purpose ceding of Taiwan, reduced to a certain extent rape results field grain osses, but degree is limited.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, provide a kind of simple in structure, easy and simple to handle, can be fitted on common grain header and be used in conjunction with, effectively reduce the percent of loss of rape results, make field shattering collection method and the device of the more abundant rape combined harvester freely of harvest time.
The collection method of field shattering during rape combining of the present invention, utilize negative-pressure air-flow that negative-pressure air fan provides that the rape seed in dropping process between ceding of Taiwan the place ahead stalk of grain header is sent into and collected negative pressure cavity in monomer and collect through collecting monomer entrance, and utilize negative pressure channel to transport and gather to grain header afterbody cleaning plant collecting rape seed in monomer negative pressure cavity by pneumatic type mode of movement.
Utilize the positive pressure passageway of Intermittent positive pressure air-flow warp, the malleation chamber in collection monomer that positive pressure fan provides to purge and collect monomer porch, the potential obstruction of collection monomer entrance that eliminating unclassified stores may cause.
The present invention is for the field shattering gathering unit of the rape combined harvester of said method, comprise the hanger that can articulate with harvester header, horizontal negative pressure collection flow channels, collection monomer and minute standing grain rice crop-supporting plate that connect successively, the entrance of described horizontal negative pressure collection flow channels is connected with the negative pressure cavity in collecting monomer, and outlet is connected with grain header afterbody cleaning plant with negative-pressure air fan by pipeline.
The outside lower edge of described collection monomer is provided with horizontal baffle, and described collection monomer both sides are along have the collection monomer entrance being communicated with the negative pressure cavity of collecting monomer in horizontal plate washer along top.
Described collection monomer both sides are along be evenly equipped with a plurality of collection monomer entrances in horizontal baffle along top, and each collects the high 2-4mm of monomer entrance, wide 8-20mm.
The middle part, bottom surface of described negative pressure cavity is also provided with the supine longitudinal arc-shaped partition of arc.
In described collection monomer, the both sides of negative pressure cavity are also provided with two malleation chambeies, and the outlet in described two malleation chambeies lays respectively near the top of collecting monomer both sides collection monomer entrance, and the entrance in described two malleation chambeies is connected with positive pressure fan through malleation menifold.
The outlet in described malleation chamber is 5-10mm apart from the vertical height of horizontal baffle.
Investigation and analysis find in the harvesting of rape connection in the emersion object of field that 95% be rape seed, and the tiny rape seed of volume and weight is applicable to pneumatic type and collects and migrate very much.In addition, siliqua of oilseed rape leafing ground higher (500mm left and right), cuts stubble higher, thereby is holding up standing grain to divide after standing grain, and rape seed is splashed down position at the rear of minute standing grain rice crop-supporting plate, now adopts the transhipment of negative pressure centralized collection the most suitable.Apparatus of the present invention coordinate position and the function that can not affect original each parts of grain header after installing with grain header by hanger.
Realizing negative pressure collecting function is to utilize negative-pressure air-flow to collect the rape seed of whereabouts, then transmits by the mode that pneumatic type is carried.Concrete, utilize to collect the collection monomer entrance that forms between lower end, negative pressure cavity two side and horizontal baffle in monomer and will drop on rape seed on horizontal baffle by collecting in monomer entrance negative suction chamber, then through negative-pressure air fan, import gathering unit (in the cleaning room at grain header rear portion) by negative-pressure pipeline (as horizontal negative pressure collection flow channels).Each collects the vertical range of the horizontal plate washer of the high 2-4mm(distance of monomer entrance described collection monomer entrance), wide 8-20mm, is blocked in outside to guarantee rape seed can enter as far as possible smoothly in negative pressure cavity by potential tampers such as fruit pod and stalks.Further, described collection monomer can be arranged in parallel a plurality of, to reduce energy consumption, improves collection efficiency.
Described longitudinal arc-shaped partition can reduce the sectional area of negative pressure cavity, using under the prerequisite of equal-wattage negative-pressure air fan, the sectional area that reduces negative pressure cavity can improve the negative pressure in negative pressure cavity, in addition, because longitudinally both sides and the top of arc-shaped partition are cambered surface, can play as entering the effect of the rape seed guiding after collection hole, the supine structure of arc can also be avoided dead angle simultaneously, prevents that rape seed from stopping in negative pressure cavity bottom.Longitudinally the distance of arc-shaped partition lower edge and negative pressure cavity two side lower edge is not more than 10mm, further to increase the stifled ability that self resists of structure.
Consider in rape seed collection process, may have the relatively large lower junk of size results in blockage in collection monomer porch, therefore consider to adopt malleation air-flow intermittently used form, cleaning tamper, by positive pressure fan by positive pressure gas flow through positive pressure passageway (as malleation menifold), be located at the malleation chamber of negative pressure cavity both sides, finally by the malleation chamber outlet that is positioned at collection monomer entrance top, blown out, play and purge the object of collecting monomer porch tamper.The vertical height of described malleation chamber outlet should be compared with the height of collection hole, during with assurance normal harvest, do not affect the operation that collection hole is collected rape seed, can be just in time when unimpeded by malleation gas flow purging to collecting monomer porch, the height of preferred described malleation chamber outlet is 5-10mm preferably., too high meeting reduces accuracy and the action intensity of positive pressure position, zone of action when too low meeting affect negative pressure work, and malleation unimpeded can be intermittently operated, is interrupted supply malleation air-flow, and negative-pressure air fan quits work, and unimpeded is carried out in the work of malleation blower fan; And pressure sensor can be set in negative pressure cavity, when finding that negative pressure raises extremely, while confirming to have obstruction, negative-pressure air fan quits work, unimpeded is carried out in the work of malleation blower fan, and after confirming that unimpeded completes, positive pressure fan stops, negative-pressure air fan is started working, and above-mentioned control can manually or by controller have been controlled automatically.
In the present invention, the quantity of described collection monomer can be carried out Parallel Design according to actual needs, can adopt a negative pressure or positive pressure fan to be communicated with the passage of corresponding malleation or negative pressure, also can consider energy consumption and pressure controlledly need to design an above malleation or negative-pressure air fan provides pressure to corresponding several malleations or negative pressure channel, at this, not doing to sew to state.
Beneficial effect:
1, the present invention falls in the time of can utilizing mode that negative-pressure pneumatic formula carries by combining or the rape seed (monomer) of splashing is collected by collecting monomer entrance, finally by negative pressure channel, be delivered to gathering unit, can effectively reduce rape and comprise the front loss of header loss and spatter loss in results process, front loss can reduce more than 50%, because this device is specially adapted to the collection to the high rape seed of maturity, therefore rape harvest time is comparable postpones 1 to 2 day or longer under normal circumstances, or selects fine day high noon and in the afternoon carry out.
2, because seed pod maturity and seed oil yield in the rape of collecting improve, water content significantly declines, thereby further make follow-up threshing separation and clean operation will be able to carry out more smoothly and efficiently, reduce threshing is separated and clean percent of loss, energy consumption and time, further reduced rear loss, thereby the total loss rate of rape results is down to below 5% by≤8%, there is significant technique effect.
3, the present invention is simple in structure, easy to operate, collecting effect is good, can, with the ceding of Taiwan of existing various common grain headers by articulating or other attainable connected mode coordinates installation, improve the overall efficiency of complete machine results, and then improve the popularization degree of rape production mechanization results.
4, the inventive method and device are not only applicable to rape results, are applicable to as small-grain size crops such as sesames yet, have wide market application foreground.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the scheme of installation that is the ceding of Taiwan of the present invention and common grain header.
Fig. 2: the scheme of installation (wherein, connect and adopt the mode of dotted line line to represent with pipeline between parts) that is malleation manifold.
Fig. 3: be structural representation of the present invention (not shown positive pressure fan and negative-pressure air fan).
Fig. 4: be supply unit stereogram.
Fig. 5: be malleation manifold stereogram.
Fig. 6: be to collect monomer stereogram.
Fig. 7: be the schematic cross-section of collecting monomer A-A in Fig. 6.
Wherein, the common ceding of Taiwan of 1-, the positive pressure fan of 2-, 3-hanger, 4-horizontal negative pressure collection flow channels, 4.1-negative pressure entrance, the outlet of 4.2-negative pressure, 5-negative-pressure air fan, 6-malleation manifold, 6.1-outlet, 6.2-entrance, 7-horizontal baffle, 8-hold up standing grain straw separating plate, 9-to collect monomer, 9.1-negative pressure cavity, 9.2-collection monomer entrance, the longitudinal arc-shaped partition of 9.3-, 9.4-malleation chamber, the outlet of 9.5-malleation chamber, 9.6-malleation fan interface, 9.7-negative-pressure air fan interface.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further explained to explanation:
With reference to Fig. 3-Fig. 7, the field shattering gathering unit of rape combined harvester of the present invention is called for short hanger 3 that gathering unit comprises that the common ceding of Taiwan 1 with grain header articulates, is arranged on horizontal negative pressure collection flow channels 4, the malleation manifold 6 on hanger and collects monomer 9, and described collection monomer 9 front ends are provided with holds up standing grain straw separating plate 8.
In described collection monomer 9, be provided with vertically a negative pressure cavity 9.1, and two malleation chambeies 9.4 that are positioned at negative pressure cavity 9.1 both sides, the outside lower edge of described collection monomer 9 is provided with horizontal baffle 7, described collection monomer 9 both sides have a plurality of collection monomer entrances 9.2 that are communicated with negative pressure cavity 9.1 along horizontal plate washer 7 is interior along top, each collects monomer entrance 9.2 high 2-4mm, wide 8-20mm, described negative pressure cavity 9.1 middle parts, bottom surface are provided with the supine longitudinal arc-shaped partition 9.3 of arc.In the present embodiment, described collection monomer 9 has a plurality of of parallel connection, the negative pressure cavity 9.1 of each collection monomer 9 is all (not shown with grain header afterbody cleaning plant through negative-pressure air fan interface 9.7, horizontal negative pressure collection flow channels 4, the negative-pressure air fan 5 collected on monomer 9, as be the cleaning room of grain header afterbody) be communicated with, described horizontal negative pressure collection flow channels 4 has negative pressure entrance 4.1 and negative pressure outlet 4.2, its negative pressure entrance 4.1 is connected with negative-pressure air fan interface 9.7 through pipeline, and described negative pressure outlet 4.2 is connected with negative-pressure air fan 5 through pipeline.
Near the malleation chamber being communicated with malleation chamber that is provided with above collection monomer entrance 9.2 exports 9.5, described malleation chamber outlet 9.5 vertical heights apart from horizontal baffle are 5-10mm, described two malleation chambeies 9.5 are communicated with two malleation fan interfaces 9.6 collecting on monomer 9 respectively, described malleation fan interface 9.6 through pipeline (described pipeline only simply represents with straight dashed line in the drawings) successively with the entrance 6.2 of the outlet 6.1 of malleation menifold, malleation menifold 6, malleation menifold and just pressure fan 2 be communicated with.In the present embodiment, owing to collecting monomer 9, have N, corresponding just have a N*2 malleation chamber 9.5, and malleation menifold is accessed with form in parallel in a plurality of malleations chamber 9.5.
Described hanger 3 can articulate with the ceding of Taiwan of rape combined harvester.The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned mode that articulates, and those skilled in the art also can design other the rational connected mode being connected with the ceding of Taiwan as required.Described rape combined harvester can be the common grain header with the ceding of Taiwan.
Operation principle:
The collection method of field shattering during rape combining of the present invention, utilize negative-pressure air-flow that negative-pressure air fan 5 provides by dropping process or the rape seed dropping on the horizontal baffle 7 of holding up standing grain straw separating plate 8 rears through collecting monomer entrance 9.2, collect, and the method for utilizing pneumatic type to carry through horizontal negative pressure collection flow channels 4 by negative-pressure air-flow is transported rape seed to gathering unit.When described collection monomer entrance 9.2 stops up, the positive pressure gas providing by the positive pressure fan 2 malleation chamber outlet 9.5 of flowing through is discharged, to clear up the obstruction of collecting monomer entrance 9.2 places.
Take rape combining as example, hanger 3 of the present invention is articulated in the ceding of Taiwan 1 of grain header, then the just normal harvesting of row, in harvesting process, the seed that rape seed is deviate from is in dropping process or fall on horizontal plate washer 7, effect due to negative pressure, these rape seed are inhaled in negative pressure cavity 9.1 by collecting monomer entrance 9.2, by negative-pressure air-flow, transport through pipeline by negative-pressure air fan interface 9.7, negative pressure entrance 4.1, negative pressure channel in supply unit 4, negative pressure outlet 4.2 and negative-pressure air fan 5 are finally sent in the cleaning plant (not shown) at the grain header rear portion that grain header carries, described longitudinal arc-shaped partition 9.3 can play as rape seed is in the interior guiding of negative pressure cavity 9.1 with avoid the effect at negative pressure dead angle,
When collecting monomer entrance 9.2, by thick foreign material, stopped up and cause the pressure in negative pressure cavity 9.1 to lead normal increase, in the time of can being responded to by the pressure sensor of negative pressure cavity 9.1, information can be issued to controller, controller sends the work that control signal stops negative-pressure air fan 5, send control signal simultaneously and start the work of positive pressure fan 2, the malleation air-flow that positive pressure fan 5 produces is successively through menifold malleation entrance 6.2, malleation menifold 6, the outlet 6.1 of menifold malleation and malleation fan interface 9.6 enter the malleation chamber 9.4 of collecting in monomer 9, finally by unimpeded air port 9.5, blown out downwards, tamper outside cleaning collection hole 9.2, with normally carrying out of card combining.After unimpeded completes, Pressure Drop in negative pressure cavity 9.1 is during to settings, and pressure sensor is passed to controller by signal, and controller sends the work that control signal makes to stop positive pressure fan 2, start the work of negative-pressure air fan 5, proceed the negative pressure collection work of rape seed.The blocking cleaning work of described malleation air-flow also can be by the artificial setting of controller, its regular batch (-type) being carried out, and collection hole 9.2 places is unobstructed when keeping grain header work.
In the present embodiment, during negative pressure duty, the pressure in negative pressure cavity 9.1 preferably remains on 5kPa_20kPa; During malleation duty, the pressure in malleation chamber 9.4 preferably remains on 0.5MPa_2Mpa.
Claims (8)
1. the collection method of field shattering during a rape combining, it is characterized in that, utilize negative-pressure air-flow that negative-pressure air fan provides that the rape seed in dropping process between ceding of Taiwan the place ahead stalk of grain header is sent into and collected negative pressure cavity in monomer and collect through collecting monomer entrance, and utilize negative pressure channel to transport and gather to grain header afterbody cleaning plant collecting rape seed in monomer negative pressure cavity by pneumatic type mode of movement.
2. the collection method of field shattering during rape combining as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, utilize the positive pressure passageway of Intermittent positive pressure air-flow warp, the malleation chamber in collection monomer that positive pressure fan provides to purge and collect monomer porch, the potential obstruction of collection monomer entrance that eliminating unclassified stores may cause.
3. the field shattering gathering unit for the rape combined harvester of method described in claim 1 or 2, comprise the hanger that can articulate with harvester header, horizontal negative pressure collection flow channels, collection monomer and minute standing grain rice crop-supporting plate that connect successively, the entrance of described horizontal negative pressure collection flow channels is connected with the negative pressure cavity in collecting monomer, and outlet is connected with grain header afterbody cleaning plant with negative-pressure air fan by pipeline.
4. the field shattering gathering unit of rape combined harvester as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the outside lower edge of described collection monomer is provided with horizontal baffle, and described collection monomer both sides are along have the collection monomer entrance being communicated with the negative pressure cavity of collecting monomer in horizontal plate washer along top.
5. the field shattering gathering unit of rape combined harvester as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described collection monomer both sides are along be evenly equipped with a plurality of collection monomer entrances in horizontal baffle along top, and each collects the high 2-4mm of monomer entrance, wide 8-20mm.
6. the field shattering gathering unit of rape combined harvester as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the middle part, bottom surface of described negative pressure cavity is also provided with the supine longitudinal arc-shaped partition of arc.
7. the field shattering gathering unit of the rape combined harvester as described in as arbitrary in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that, in described collection monomer, the both sides of negative pressure cavity are also provided with two malleation chambeies, the outlet in described two malleation chambeies lays respectively near the top of collecting monomer both sides collection monomer entrance, and the entrance in described two malleation chambeies is connected with positive pressure fan through malleation menifold.
8. the field shattering gathering unit of rape combined harvester as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the outlet in described malleation chamber is 5-10mm apart from the vertical height of horizontal baffle.
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| CN201310475244.0A CN103518489B (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2013-10-11 | A kind of field shattering collection method of rape combined harvester and device |
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| CN201310475244.0A CN103518489B (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2013-10-11 | A kind of field shattering collection method of rape combined harvester and device |
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| CN105638094A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-06-08 | 永昌县金聚元农机制造有限责任公司 | Negative pressure type borago officinalis seed collecting device |
| CN108419530A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-08-21 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | The efficient low damage rape ceding of Taiwan divides standing grain device |
| CN109362338A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-22 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of perpendicular cutter splashing seed aspirated-air type recyclable device of rape combined harvester |
| CN109362339A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-22 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of perpendicular cutter of the rape combined harvester with air flow recovery device |
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| CN113439624A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-09-28 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Method for screening cabbage type rape varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting and application thereof |
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| CN113439624B (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2022-05-03 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Method for screening cabbage type rape varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting and application thereof |
| CN117016177A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-11-10 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所 | Energy-saving efficient rape cutting and sun-drying equipment |
| CN117016177B (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2024-01-16 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所 | Energy-saving efficient rape cutting and sun-drying equipment |
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