CN103508942B - 一种2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶的合成方法 - Google Patents
一种2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/61—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶的合成方法,所述方法是以N-亚丙基苄胺为起始原料,先与氯乙酰氯在缚酸剂的作用下于-10℃~60℃下进行酰化反应得到N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺,N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺再与二甲基氯亚甲基氯化铵于20℃~120℃下进行环合反应得到2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶;本发明方法与已有方法相比,具有原料毒性小、收率高、成本低、反应条件温和和三废少等优点,具有工业化应用价值。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶的合成方法。
(二)背景技术
2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶是合成吡氟氯禾灵、定虫隆、氟啶胺等高效安全农药的关键中间体。Setliff等人(J.Chem.Eng.Data,1976,21(2),246)报道了以3-氨基-2-氯-5-甲基吡啶经桑德迈尔反应合成2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶的方法。EP46735、US4435573和US4469896公开了用2,2-二氯丙醛与丙烯腈加成、环合得到2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶的方法。EP137415公开了以二氯乙腈和2-甲基丙烯醛为原料合成2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶的方法。这些方法还存在收率低、原料毒性大和成本高的缺陷,有必要研发更适合工业化应用的新方法。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种以N-亚丙基苄胺为起始原料,依次与氯乙酰氯和二甲基氯亚甲基氯化铵(Vilsmier试剂)反应合成2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶的方法,合成路线如下:
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶的合成方法,所述方法是以N-亚丙基苄胺为起始原料,先与氯乙酰氯在缚酸剂的作用下于-10℃~60℃下进行酰化反应得到N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺,N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺再与二甲基氯亚甲基氯化铵于20℃~120℃下进行环合反应得到2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶;所述的缚酸剂为下列之一:三甲胺、三乙胺、三正丙胺、吡啶、3-甲基吡啶、碳酸钾、碳酸钠;所述N-亚丙基苄胺∶氯乙酰氯∶缚酸剂的投料摩尔比为1∶0.5~2∶0.5~2,所述N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺∶二甲基氯亚甲基氯化铵的投料摩尔比为1∶1~2。
酰化反应结束后,可直接加入二甲基氯亚甲基氯化铵进行下一步环合反应,也可经分离纯化获得N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺后进行下一步反应,具体分离纯化方法可如下:反应液依次用水、10%盐酸、10%氢氧化钠溶液、饱和食盐水洗涤,然后减压蒸馏除去溶剂,即得N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺。
环合反应结束后,反应液经常规分离纯化即可获得产物2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶,具体方法可如下:加入水稀释,用10%(w/w)NaOH调节pH=8~9,分层、水洗,有机相减压蒸馏除去溶剂,然后减压蒸馏得到2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶。
所述酰化反应在无溶剂或有机溶剂1中进行,所述惰性有机溶剂1为下列之一或其中两种以上的混合物:二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、乙酸乙酯、乙醚、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈。
所述环合反应在有机溶剂2中进行,所述惰性有机溶剂2为下列之一或其中两种以上的混合物:二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、乙酸乙酯、乙醚、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈。
所述缚酸剂优选为三乙胺或吡啶。
所述N-亚丙基苄胺∶氯乙酰氯∶缚酸剂的投料摩尔比优选为1∶1.05~1.1∶1.1~1.2,所述N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺∶二甲基氯亚甲基氯化铵的投料摩尔比优选为1∶1.2~1.5。
所述有机溶剂1优选为乙酸乙酯或四氢呋喃,所述有机溶剂2优选为1,2-二氯乙烷。
所述酰化反应优选在10℃~30℃下进行,环合反应优选在50℃~70℃下进行。
本发明方法具体操作步骤如下:向四口烧瓶中加入N-亚丙基苄胺、二氯甲烷和三乙胺,搅拌溶解,冷却至一定温度(0~5℃)后滴加氯乙酰氯,滴加完毕后升至室温搅拌至反应完全,依次用水、10%(w/w)盐酸、10%(w/w)NaOH和饱和食盐水洗涤,减压蒸馏回收溶剂,得到N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺。于另一只四口烧瓶中加入二甲基氯亚甲基氯化铵和1,2-二氯乙烷,搅拌降温至5~10℃,然后将所得N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺溶于1,2-二氯乙烷,滴加到反应液中,加完后升温至50~70℃反应完全,加入水,用10%(w/w)NaOH调节pH=8~9,分层、水洗,有机相减压蒸馏除去溶剂,然后减压蒸馏得到2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶。
本发明方法与已有方法相比,具有原料毒性小、收率高、成本低、反应条件温和和三废少等优点,具有工业化应用价值。
(四)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1:N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺的制备
于500mL四口瓶中加入N-亚丙基苄胺73.5g(0.50mol)、乙酸乙酯100mL和三乙胺55.6g(0.55mol),搅拌降温至0℃,滴加氯乙酰氯59.3g(0.525mol),1~2h滴加完毕,然后升温至30℃搅拌反应1h,GC-MS检测反应完全。反应液依次用水100mL、10%盐酸50mL、10%氢氧化钠溶液50mL、饱和食盐水50mL洗涤,然后减压蒸馏除去溶剂,得粘稠液体109.6g,N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺含量96.1%,收率94.3%。
实施例2:N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺的制备
于500mL四口瓶中加入N-亚丙基苄胺73.5g(0.50mol)、四氢呋喃100mL和吡啶47.4g(0.60mol),搅拌降温至0℃,滴加氯乙酰氯62.2g(0.55mol),1~2h滴加完毕,然后升温至10℃搅拌反应3h,GC-MS检测反应完全。反应液依次用水100mL、10%盐酸50mL、10%氢氧化钠溶液50mL、饱和食盐水50mL洗涤,然后减压蒸馏除去溶剂,得粘稠液体111.3g,N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺含量95.9%,收率95.5%。
实施例3:2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶的制备
于250mL三口瓶中加入二甲基氯亚甲基氯化铵9.8g(0.058mol)和1,2-二氯乙烷100mL,搅拌降温至10℃,将实施例2制备的N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺11.1g(0.048mol)溶于50mL1,2-二氯乙烷,慢慢滴加到反应瓶中,控制温度50℃以内,加完后升温至50℃,保温反应8h,GC-MS检测反应完全。反应液依次用水100mL、10%氢氧化钠50mL和水50mL洗涤,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,得油状液体,然后加入30mL正己烷重结晶,得到无色晶体6.6g,2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶含量99%,收率84.1%。M.p.41-43℃,GC-MS(m/z):161(100),126,98,90,73,63;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.13(1H,s),7.61(1H,s),2.33(3H,s)。
实施例4:2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶的制备
于250mL三口瓶中加入二甲基氯亚甲基氯化铵12.2g(0.072mol)和1,2-二氯乙烷100mL,搅拌降温至10℃,将实施例2制备的N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺11.1g(0.048mol)溶于50mL1,2-二氯乙烷,慢慢滴加到反应瓶中,控制温度50℃以内,加完后升温至70℃,保温反应7h,GC-MS检测反应完全。反应液依次用水100mL、10%氢氧化钠50mL和水50mL洗涤,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,得油状液体,然后加入30mL正己烷重结晶,得到无色晶体6.9g,2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶含量98.4%,收率87.4%。
Claims (7)
1.一种2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶的合成方法,所述方法是以N-亚丙基苄胺为起始原料,先与氯乙酰氯在缚酸剂的作用下于-10℃~60℃下进行酰化反应得到N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺,N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺再与二甲基氯亚甲基氯化铵于20℃~120℃下进行环合反应得到2,3-二氯-5-甲基吡啶;所述的缚酸剂为下列之一:三甲胺、三乙胺、三正丙胺、吡啶、3-甲基吡啶、碳酸钾、碳酸钠;所述N-亚丙基苄胺∶氯乙酰氯∶缚酸剂的投料摩尔比为1∶0.5~2∶0.5~2,所述N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺∶二甲基氯亚甲基氯化铵的投料摩尔比为1∶1~2。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述酰化反应在无溶剂或有机溶剂1中进行,所述有机溶剂1为下列之一或其中两种以上的混合物:二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、乙酸乙酯、乙醚、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述环合反应在有机溶剂2中进行,所述有机溶剂2为下列之一或其中两种以上的混合物:二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、乙酸乙酯、乙醚、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述缚酸剂为三乙胺或吡啶。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述N-亚丙基苄胺∶氯乙酰氯∶缚酸剂的投料摩尔比为1∶1.05~1.1∶1.1~1.2,所述N-苄基-N-丙烯基-α-氯乙酰胺∶二甲基氯亚甲基氯化铵的投料摩尔比为1∶1.2~1.5。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述有机溶剂1为乙酸乙酯或四氢呋喃,所述有机溶剂2为1,2-二氯乙烷。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述酰化反应在10℃~30℃下进行,所述环合反应在50℃~70℃下进行。
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