CN103502781A - 力放大驱动系统，喷射分配器，以及分配流体的方法 - Google Patents

力放大驱动系统，喷射分配器，以及分配流体的方法 Download PDF

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CN103502781A
CN103502781A CN201080055894.4A CN201080055894A CN103502781A CN 103502781 A CN103502781 A CN 103502781A CN 201080055894 A CN201080055894 A CN 201080055894A CN 103502781 A CN103502781 A CN 103502781A
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CN103502781B (zh
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劳伦斯·B·赛义德曼
爱德华·C·泰勒
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B1/3033—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head
    • B05B1/304—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve
    • B05B1/3046—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve the valve element, e.g. a needle, co-operating with a valve seat located downstream of the valve element and its actuating means, generally in the proximity of the outlet orifice
    • B05B1/306—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve the valve element, e.g. a needle, co-operating with a valve seat located downstream of the valve element and its actuating means, generally in the proximity of the outlet orifice the actuating means being a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B1/3033—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head
    • B05B1/304—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve
    • B05B1/3046—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve the valve element, e.g. a needle, co-operating with a valve seat located downstream of the valve element and its actuating means, generally in the proximity of the outlet orifice
    • B05B1/3053—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve the valve element, e.g. a needle, co-operating with a valve seat located downstream of the valve element and its actuating means, generally in the proximity of the outlet orifice the actuating means being a solenoid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/0225—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work characterised by flow controlling means, e.g. valves, located proximate the outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/0225—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work characterised by flow controlling means, e.g. valves, located proximate the outlet
    • B05C5/0237—Fluid actuated valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/0291—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work the material being discharged on the work through discrete orifices as discrete droplets, beads or strips that coalesce on the work or are spread on the work so as to form a continuous coating

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  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
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Abstract

一种力放大驱动系统，包括具有被安装用于沿着第一距离“X”移动的动力致动构件（22）的致动器（12）。从动构件（46）被安装用于沿着小于第一距离“X”的第二距离或工作距离“Y”移动。所述动力致动构件（24）在与所述从动构件（46）机械地联接之前能够在距离范围“Ｚ”中移动并且随后与所述从动构件（46）一起沿着第二距离“Ｙ”移动。能量沿着第二距离或工作距离“Y”从所述动力致动构件（24）传递到所述从动构件（46）。所述力放大驱动系统可用于致动流体喷射分配器（14）。

Description

力放大驱动系统,喷射分配器,以及分配流体的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2009年12月8日提交的序号为61/267，583的（待审）美国临时专利申请的优先权，所述临时专利申请的公开内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
总的来说，本发明涉及用于以迅速而短暂的加速来移动从动元件的驱动系统，并且更具体地，涉及喷射分配器或阀，阀构件在所述喷射分配器或阀中被迅速地加速，以将材料分配或喷射到基体上。
背景技术
用于执行各种作业的驱动器可以以许多方式被供以动力，诸如气动的，液压的，电动的，磁力的，或者它们的组合。经常地，用于分配液体诸如热熔材料的驱动器包括气动致动器或电磁螺线管。
已知各种类型的喷射分配器，诸如在序号为5，320，250、5，747，102和6，253，957的美国专利以及序号为2006/0157517的美国公布中所示，其公开内容通过引用全部合并于此。对于许多阀和泵设备来说，设备的尺寸是重要的，且假定设备能实现所需功能，那么通常优选地是较小的尺寸。通常，阀元件或活塞被直接联接，以与致动器诸如空气马达或气动致动器或螺线管致动器一起移动。在这样的设计中，当缩小设备的总尺寸时，通常地是，可用于实现有用作业（即阀元件或活塞的运动）的力也被减小了。因此，如果所要实现的工作量需要，那么可能要将致动器的尺寸设计成比期望的大。如果致动器不够大，那么可能要损害设备的性能。如果致动器不耐热而从动元件是加热系统的组成部分，那么将致动器直接联接到执行作业的的设备也可能面临挑战。这发生在热熔材料分配的领域中，例如，在被分配的材料可能被加热到250°F以上的温度的情形中。
发明内容
本发明总地提供包括致动器的力放大驱动系统，该致动器具有被安装用于沿着第一距离移动的动力致动构件。从动构件被安装用于沿着小于第一距离的第二距离移动。动力致动构件在与从动构件机械地联接之前移动经过一定间隔距离，且随后以机械联接的方式与从动构件一起沿着第二距离移动。在该方式中，能量沿着第二距离从动力致动构件传递到从动构件。在动力致动构件行进经过所述间隔距离期间，动力致动构件加速并且创造动能，随后所述动能在机械联接（即接触）时且在沿着第二距离移动期间被传递给从动构件。由此，动力致动构件和从动构件只在动力致动构件总行进距离的一部分中被机械地联接。因此，致动器将与在传统的直接联接驱动机构中较大的致动器传动的能量相等的能量传递到被致动设备或从动构件。另外，将致动器与从动构件分离使从动构件的行程长度缩短，并且使被致动设备或从动构件的总长度缩短。
从动构件可以包括各种元件，且在一个优选实施例中，包括阀元件。阀元件可以进一步包括具有能够与阀座接合的尖端的阀杆。阀座位于流体室中且在第二距离的端点处，尖端与阀座接合，以排出流体射流或小的、断续量的流体。致动器可以以任何适合的方式被驱动，诸如通过使用基于气动或电动的致动器。可以使用偏压返回机构诸如螺旋弹簧，以将从动构件返回至开始位置且可以设置止动件，用于将从动构件停止在设计用以产生与动力致动构件的间隔距离的开始位置处。因为与传递相同力的直接联接的阀杆和致动器相比，所述阀杆移动较短行程，所以可以分配较小的流体液滴。这在期望分配较小的、断续量的流体的各种应用中也能够是有益的。
本发明还涉及致动从动构件的方法，包括使致动构件在动力下作用移动经过一定间隔距离。致动构件随后与从动构件在所述间隔距离的端点处接触。一旦致动构件和从动构件机械地联接，两者就沿着工作距离一起移动，由此将能量从致动构件传递到从动构件。所述方法的其它细节基于上述的设备的使用以及下面的进一步描述将变得显而易见。
结合附图，在阅读以下说明性实施例的详细描述后，各种另外的特征以及细节将变得更加显而易见。
附图说明
图1是结合本发明的说明性实施例的流体喷射分配器的示意性的纵向截面图，且示出处于分配状态的分配器。
图2是相似于图1的示意性描绘图，但图示了重置于未分配状态下的分配器。
图3是相似于图1的流体喷射分配器的示意图，但示出替代性的代替气动致动器的电动致动器。
具体实施方式
在示意性地描绘流体喷射分配器的背景下将给出以下详细描述，以便阐明本发明的原理。然而，所述原理在以下情形中可以适用于用于执行其他类型作业的其他驱动系统，所述情形例如期望迅速加速从动构件的情形，以及可能期望最小化所使用的致动器的尺寸以移动从动构件或以提供其他好处的情形。
参考图1和2，流体喷射分配器10被图示且通常包括致动器12和喷射阀部分14。分配器10只是示意性地图示，但是可以包括任何所期望的设计特征，诸如在以上合并的专利或公开中图示的或讨论的任何特征。如上所述，致动器12可以包括例如以气动或电动为动力的多种类型的致动器，但是为了图示目的，致动器12在此示意性地示为气动类型。气动致动器12通常包括通过两个盖18，20而被封闭在相对的两端处的气缸16。活塞22被安装用于在气缸16内线性运动且与气缸16的内壁形成气密密封。活塞杆24被刚性地联接到活塞22且延伸穿过下盖20，并且具体地说是穿过动态空气密封件26。通过使用合适的紧固件28，活塞杆24被刚性地联接到活塞22。致动器12被图示为具有两个分别在活塞22上和活塞22下的可增压的空气空间30，32的双作用致动器。如现有技术所知，被增压的空气通过孔31被引入到上部空气空间30中，以驱动活塞22向下，而同时通过孔33从下部空气空间32排出空气。相反地，被增压的空气通过孔33被引入到下部空气空间32中，以驱动活塞22向上，而同时通过孔31从上部空气空间30排出空气。驱动活塞22的其他方式可以包括使用传统的弹簧返回机构。
喷射阀部分14被示意性地图示为包括外壳40，该外壳40用于容纳下述的以非接触方式待被分配的流体42。外壳40包括用于接纳受压流体的流体入口44。阀部分14还包括阀杆46，该阀杆46具有能够与阀座50接合以打开和关闭出口52的尖端48。通常地，当阀杆46处于上部位置（图2）时，流体42被增压到将不导致流体渗漏或被分配的程度，而是将外壳40的流体室维持在充满的状态中。如同已知的某些类型的喷射分配器，当阀尖端48对着阀座50被加速时，少量的流体42将迅速排出，以在基体（未示出）上形成小液滴。阀杆46的相对端包括表面54，该表面54适合于接触如图1中所示的杆24的表面56。螺旋弹簧58位于法兰60和外壳40的上部表面之间，以将具有止动构件62的阀杆46维持在图2中所示的上升位置中，止动构件62则抵靠外壳40的内部上部表面接合。阀杆46接合动态密封件64，以防止在所述阀杆46行进穿过外壳40期间流体的泄漏。
在操作中，流体喷射分配器10从在图2中所示的起始位置开始，其中表面54与表面56分离开一个间隔距离“Z”。活塞22和所附接的活塞杆24被安装且构造为移动经过第一距离“X”，而阀杆46被构造且安装为移动经过小于第一距离“X”的第二距离“Y”。第二距离“Y”可被视为工作距离，所述工作距离在该情形中为喷射阀14的行程长度。在这点上，距离“X”等于距离或间隔距离“Z”加上工作距离或行程长度“Y”。当被增压空气通过孔31被引入到上部空气空间30中，而同时通过孔33从空气空间32排出空气时，活塞22和活塞杆24开始沿着距离“X”加速，直到当表面56与表面54接触时且在行进经过间隔距离或距离“Z”后活塞22和活塞杆24达到最大加速度为止。此时，活塞杆24被机械地联接到阀杆46且两者都沿着距离“Y”行进。由此活塞22及其所连接的活塞杆24的动能被传递到阀杆46，直到尖端48接合阀座50为止。因而发生的尖端48的通过距离“Y”的加速和发生在阀座50处的突然停止导致分配流体42的射流，如图1中所示。除了在上述合并的专利及公开中所述的示例外，取决于应用，流体42可以是任何粘性流体。随后，通过穿过孔33引入被增压空气到空气空间32中且穿过孔31从空气空间30排出空气，以上升活塞22。随着活塞杆24上升，弹簧58在其正常偏压作用下伸长，达到图2中所示的位置，由此上升阀杆46，以为另一个分配循环做好准备。活塞22和所附接的活塞杆24上升直到到达图2中所示的开始位置为止，在所述开始位置处，另一个分配循环可以开始。
图3图示了流体喷射分配器10’的替代性的实施例。在该实施例中，第一实施例的气动致动器12被取代为呈螺线管70形式的电动致动器。示意性地图示的螺线管70通常包括围绕芯体或提升阀74的电磁线圈72。螺线管70的致动与不致动（包括线圈72通电与不通电的动作）将导致芯体或提升阀74在两个位置之间往复。所述两个位置在前述的距离“X”的两个相对端点处。在致动期间，提升阀74将向下移动经过间隔距离“Z”，且随后在提升阀74的表面76与阀杆46的表面54之间接触期间沿着阀行程长度“Y”行进，同时分配流体小液滴42。在图3中所示的所有其他的附图标记都与参考图1和2中所示和所描述的相同结构的附图标记相同。要理解的是，提升阀74类似于前述活塞杆24，而且除了涉及用电动致动器70代替气动致动器12的变化外，所有其他的与流体喷射分配器10’有关的操作都如以上关于流体喷射分配器10的操作所述。
尽管本发明已通过优选实施例的描述被图示且尽管该实施例被略为详细地描述，但申请人并非意图将所附权利要求书的范围限制或以任何方式约束至这样的细节。另外的优点和变型对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。在此讨论的各种特征可以被单独使用或以任何组合使用，这取决于使用者的需要和偏好。本文已经描述本发明的实施例和内容，连同实施作为已知的本发明的优选方法。然而，本发明本身仅由所附权利要求书限定。

Claims (18)

1.一种力放大驱动系统，包括：
致动器，所述致动器包括动力致动构件，所述动力致动构件被安装用于沿着第一距离移动；以及
从动构件，所述从动构件被安装用于沿着小于所述第一距离的第二距离移动，所述动力致动构件在与所述从动构件机械地联接之前能够移动经过一定间隔距离且随后与所述从动构件一起沿着所述第二距离移动，由此能量沿着所述第二距离从所述动力致动构件传递到所述从动构件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的力放大驱动系统，其中所述从动构件包括阀构件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的力放大驱动系统，其中所述阀构件还包括阀杆，所述阀杆具有能够与阀座接合的尖端，所述阀座则位于流体室中，由此所述尖端在所述第二距离的端点处接合所述阀座并且排出流体射流。
4.根据权利要求1所述的力放大驱动系统，其中所述致动器是气动驱动的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的力放大驱动系统，其中所述致动器是电动驱动的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的力放大驱动系统，还包括能够操作用以将所述从动构件返回至开始位置的偏压返回机构，以及用于将所述从动构件停止在开始位置处的止动件。
7.一种包括力放大驱动系统的流体喷射分配器，包括：
致动器，所述致动器包括动力致动构件，所述动力致动构件被安装用于沿着第一距离移动；以及
阀，其包括阀构件，所述阀构件被安装用于沿着小于所述第一距离的第二距离移动，所述动力致动构件在与所述阀构件机械地联接之前能够移动经过一定间隔距离且随后与所述阀构件一起沿着所述第二距离移动，由此能量沿着所述第二距离从所述动力致动构件传递到所述阀构件，且所述阀构件运行用以通过移动经过所述第二距离而从所述阀分配流体射流。
8.根据权利要求7所述的分配器，其中所述阀构件还包括阀杆，所述阀杆具有能够与阀座接合的尖端，所述阀座则位于流体室中，由此所述尖端在所述第二距离的端点处接合所述阀座并且排出所述流体射流。
9.根据权利要求7所述的分配器，其中所述致动器是气动驱动的。
10.根据权利要求7所述的分配器，其中所述致动器是电动驱动的。
11.根据权利要求7所述的分配器，还包括能够操作用以将所述阀构件返回至开始位置的偏压返回机构，以及用于将所述阀构件停止在开始位置处的止动件。
12.一种致动从动构件的方法，包括：
使致动构件在动力作用下移动经过一定间隔距离；
在所述间隔距离的端点处将所述致动构件与从动构件机械地联接；以及
沿着一工作距离一起移动所述致动构件和所述从动构件，由此从所述致动构件传递能量到所述从动构件。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述从动构件包括阀构件且所述方法还包括：
通过沿着所述工作距离移动所述致动构件和所述阀构件，分配流体射流。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述阀构件还包括具有能够与阀座接合的尖端的阀杆，所述阀座则位于流体室中，且所述方法还包括：
在所述工作距离的端点处将所述尖端与所述阀座接合，以排出所述流体射流。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中移动所述致动构件还包括在气动动力作用下移动所述致动构件。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中移动所述致动构件还包括在电力作用下移动所述致动构件。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法，还包括：
使用弹簧偏压机构将所述从动构件返回至开始位置。
18.一种从阀分配流体射流的方法，所述方法包括：
使致动构件在动力作用下沿轴线移动一定间隔距离；
在所述间隔距离的端点处将所述致动构件与阀构件机械地联接；
沿着所述轴线一起移动所述致动构件和所述阀构件，由此从所述致动构件传递能量到所述从动构件；以及
沿着所述轴线移动所述阀构件的尖端通过流体室，以从所述阀分配流体射流。
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