CN103497915B - For compost fermentation complex bacterial agent and application thereof - Google Patents
For compost fermentation complex bacterial agent and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103497915B CN103497915B CN201310430957.5A CN201310430957A CN103497915B CN 103497915 B CN103497915 B CN 103497915B CN 201310430957 A CN201310430957 A CN 201310430957A CN 103497915 B CN103497915 B CN 103497915B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of for compost fermentation complex bacterial agent and application thereof, described composite bacteria agent capable includes Phanerochaete chrysosporium, ash slightly red streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, Methylotrophic bacillus cereus and the solid fungicide of bacillus amyloliquefaciens.The composite bacteria agent capable of the present invention is to have complementary functions to assist raw multiple-microorganism composite microbial system, fungus strain collection rapid fermentation heat production, biological deodorizing, compost material becomes thoroughly decomposed and degrades in one, and have effect of bio-feritlizer concurrently, livestock excrement composting can be made to be rapidly heated, at high temperature kill harmful organism, substantially reduce unhappy abnormal smells from the patient, to solve the environmental pollution that feces of livestock and poultry causes, microorganism can breed rapidly during livestock manure fermented, quickly effectively decompose in feces the organic substances such as lignocellulose, thus accelerate the speed of becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost material, promote quality of compost products, can be used for producing biological organic fertilizer, thus reduce agriculture production cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biofermentation and microorganism field, in particular to one for compost fermentation complex bacterial agent
And tool application.
Background technology
Along with the quick intensivization development of milk cow production, the improper process pollution on the environment of cow manure is also got over
Come the most serious.At present, cattle manure is imposed on farmland directly as fertilizer, concentrates on air storage or pour by most of raiser
Pond, ditch etc., cause fecal pollution problem day by day to manifest.From the point of view of the angle of environment, air, soil, waters are caused by it
Pollute, make the living environment of ecological environment and resident deteriorate, be detrimental to health, be also unfavorable for that the healthy of milch cow is given birth to simultaneously
Long.But from the perspective of resource, it is but good Renewable resource, if scientific utilization, it is short that it can not only solve resource
Lack and this two hang-up of environmental pollution, it is also possible to produce provide safeguard for green agriculture, pollution-less agriculture, for agricultural sustainable development
Exhibition is offered reference.
During High-Temperature Composting have with low cost, can effectively kill pathogen, improve the physical behavior of animal waste, without secondary
The advantages such as pollution, are to be widely used at present and the cattle manure processing mode of most prospect.But, cattle manure is of close texture, water content
Height, aeration are poor, and fermentation temperature is low, belong to cold manure；Additionally, the crude fibre in cattle manure accounts for the 30-50% of dry weight, compost is nursed one's health
Lignocellulose in agent (agricultural crop straw) accounts for the 60-80% of dry weight, and wherein cellulose and hemicellulose are macromolecular polysaccharides,
The two relatively easy under microbial action can resolve into the saccharide that can be utilized by organism；And lignin is poly-phenols
Macromolecule aromatic compound, wherein contains substantial amounts of benzene ring structure, causes its degraded the most difficult.And, lignin, fiber
Element and hemicellulose mutually intert on space structure, combine closely, and greatly reduce its biological degradability.Many results of study
It turned out, the degraded of lignocellulose is to limit compost maturity process and affect the key factor of quality of compost products.
Slow for cow dung compost intensification and that wherein lignocellulosic elements degraded is difficult problem, usual employing adds in compost
Enter the method for functional microorganism to accelerate the maturity of compost and to improve the quality of composting production.But generally exist at present asks
Topic is during complex microorganism screening and culturing, lacks basic theoretical direction, causes the bacterial strain filtered out functional the strongest；
And, the most not familiar to the interaction between sweat and each bacterial strain thereof of compound criteria and mechanism thereof, cause product to be lived
Bacterium sum is the highest, makes compost be not reaching to the ideal effect using composite bacteria agent capable to promote maturity.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one to have and make cow dung compost be rapidly heated and have stronger ligocellulose degradation
The microbial bacterial agent of ability and application thereof.In order to realize the purpose of the present invention, intend adopting the following technical scheme that
Aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of composite bacteria agent capable, it is characterised in that by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, ash slightly red streptomyces, withered
The solid fungicide of grass bacillus cereus, Methylotrophic bacillus cereus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens is according to 1-2:1-2:1-2:1-2:1-
The weight ratio preparation of 2.
In another aspect of this invention, the preparation method of above-mentioned composite bacteria agent capable is further related to, it is characterised in that include walking as follows
Rapid:
(1) slant culture: by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, ash slightly red streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, Methylotrophic spore
The original strain of bacillus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens is inoculated on corresponding solid medium respectively, by Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Cultivate 3-5 days for 28-30 DEG C, ash slightly red streptomyces 28-30 DEG C is cultivated 5-7 days, by bacillus subtilis, Methylotrophic spore
Bacillus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens 30-37 DEG C are cultivated 2-3 days, make actication of culture；
(2) first order seed is cultivated: with physiological saline solution washing activated inclined plane to shaken cultivation in aseptic triangular flask；Hay
Bacillus cereus, Methylotrophic bacillus cereus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens 28-32 DEG C, 150-200r/min cultivate 40-60h obtain
To primary seed solution；Phanerochaete chrysosporium 26-30 DEG C, 200-240r/min cultivate 70-80h obtain primary seed solution；Ash
Slightly red streptomyces 26-30 DEG C, 200-240r/min cultivates 90-120h and obtains primary seed solution；
(3) secondary seed is cultivated: be the inoculum concentration of 10-20% by the volume ratio of fluid medium, by first order seed respectively
It is inoculated in fermentation tank, trains under the conditions of bacillus subtilis, Methylotrophic bacillus cereus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens 30-37 DEG C
Support 1-3 days；Phanerochaete chrysosporium 25-30 DEG C, mixing speed are 100-200r/min, and ventilation is 1:0.5-1, cultivate 4-6
My god: ash slightly red streptomyces 28-30 DEG C, mixing speed be 150-220r/min, ventilation is 1:1-1.5, cultivates 4-6 days, makes
Obtain secondary seed；
(4) strain solid fermentation is cultivated: mixed with the ratio of 1:1 with sterilizing wheat bran by the secondary seed fermentation liquid of each bacterial strain
Dry after fermentation 24-72h, make solid fungicide；
(5) prepared by composite bacteria agent capable: by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, ash slightly red streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, Methylotrophic
The solid fungicide of bacillus cereus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens mixes according to part by weight, makes composite bacteria agent capable.
Another aspect of the present invention further relates to the application of above-mentioned composite bacteria agent capable, and described composite bacteria agent capable is used for cow dung compost, excellent
Choosing, for reducing the content of lignin in compost.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described cow dung compost comprises the steps:
(1) composting material is fresh cattle manure and rice straw, and rice straw cuts up with a hay cutter into the segment of 3-8cm, presses with fresh cattle manure
Quality according to 1:3-4 to 60～65%, piles fermentation heap than mix homogeneously, regulation moisture；
(2) microbial inoculum is added on Jian Dui limit in limit, and the amount of described microbial inoculum is 5-15 × 109CFU·kg-1Composting material, after inoculation all
Even hybrid reactor body material；The turning when temperature rises to more than 45 DEG C, every 3d turning 1 time, at a temperature of drop to less than 35 DEG C after every
7d turns over 1 time, until heap temperature drops to ambient temperature and terminates fermentation.
The composite bacteria agent capable of the present invention is to have complementary functions to assist raw multiple-microorganism composite microbial system, and fungus strain collection rapid fermentation is produced
Heat, biological deodorizing, compost material become thoroughly decomposed and degrade in one, and have effect of bio-feritlizer concurrently, and livestock excrement composting can be made quick
Heat up, at high temperature kill harmful organism, hence it is evident that reduce unhappy abnormal smells from the patient, to solve the environmental pollution that feces of livestock and poultry causes, energy
Enough during livestock manure fermented microorganism breed rapidly, the most effectively decompose in feces the organic substances such as lignocellulose,
Thus accelerate the speed of becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost material, promote quality of compost products, can be used for producing biological organic fertilizer, thus reduce agricultural
Production cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The change of temperature in Fig. 1: embodiment 1 Composting Process；
The change of temperature in Fig. 2: embodiment 2 Composting Process；
The change of temperature in Fig. 3: embodiment 3 Composting Process.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to material technical scheme involved by and technique are expanded on further, give following example.This
A little embodiments limit the scope of the present invention never in any form.
Embodiment 1:
Prepared by 1.1 microbial bacterial agents
1.1.1 slant culture: by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, ash slightly red streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, Methylotrophic bud
The original strain (above-mentioned strain is the strain that this area is common, and is commercially available) of spore bacillus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens
It is inoculated in respectively on corresponding solid medium, Phanerochaete chrysosporium 28-30 DEG C is cultivated 3-5 days, by ash slightly red streptomyces
Cultivate 5-7 days, by bacillus subtilis, Methylotrophic bacillus cereus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens 30-37 DEG C cultivation for 28-30 DEG C
2-3 days, make actication of culture.
1.1.2 first order seed is cultivated: with physiological saline solution washing activated inclined plane to shaken cultivation in aseptic triangular flask.Withered
Grass bacillus cereus, Methylotrophic bacillus cereus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens 30 DEG C, 180r/mmin cultivates 48h and obtains one-level
Seed liquor；
Phanerochaete chrysosporium 28 DEG C, 220r/min cultivate 72h obtain primary seed solution；Ash slightly red streptomyces is 28
DEG C, 220r/mmin cultivate 96h obtain primary seed solution.
1.1.3 secondary seed is cultivated: be the inoculum concentration of 10-20% by the volume ratio of fluid medium, is divided by first order seed
It is not inoculated in fermentation tank, under the conditions of bacillus subtilis, Methylotrophic bacillus cereus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens 30-37 DEG C
Cultivate 1-3 days；Phanerochaete chrysosporium 25-30 DEG C, mixing speed are 100-200r/min, and ventilation is 1:0.5-1, cultivate 4-
6 days；Ash slightly red streptomyces 28-30 DEG C, mixing speed be 150-220r/min, ventilation is 1:1-1.5, cultivates 4-6 days, makes
Obtain secondary seed.
1.1.4 strain solid fermentation is cultivated: mixed with the ratio of 1:1 with sterilizing wheat bran by the secondary seed fermentation liquid of each bacterial strain
Dry after closing fermentation 24-72h, make solid fungicide.
1.1.5 prepared by composite bacteria agent capable: by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, ash slightly red streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, methylotrophy
The solid fungicide of type bacillus cereus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens mixes according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1, makes composite bacteria agent capable standby
With.
1.2 composting material
Composting material is fresh cattle manure and rice straw (conditioner).Rice straw is cut up with a hay cutter into the segment of about 5cm, with fresh
Cattle manure to 60～65%, piles the fermentation of 1m × 1m × 1.2m than mix homogeneously, regulation moisture according to the quality of 1:3.5
Heap.This windrow content of organic matter is about 59.5%, and C/N is about 30:1, and wood fibre cellulose content is 55.59%, wherein lignin,
Cellulose, hemicellulose ratio are respectively 6.84%, 24.37% and 24.38%.
1.3 compost and the method for sampling
Windrow divides A, B group, A group to be control sample, carries out Natural compost；B group adds this composite bacteria agent capable.Employing solid-state is inoculated
Body, concentration is 1 × 109CFU·g-1, inoculum concentration is 10g kg-1, microbial inoculum, uniform hybrid reactor body material after inoculation are added in Jian Dui limit, limit
Material.Start turnings when temperature rises to 45 DEG C, every 3d turning 1 time, at a temperature of drop to 35 DEG C after every 7d turn over 1 time, until heap body temperature
The ambient temperature that drops to degree terminates fermentation, to guarantee that windrow obtains sufficient oxygen.Compost continues 46d, becomes according to heap temperature
Change sample analysis.Take multi-point sampling method, after uniform biased sample, measure lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose level,
All analytical samplings all gather 3 Duplicate Samples.
1.4 compost temperatures and lignocellulose measure
LNI-T UT325 digital electronic thermometer is used to measure temperature at ambient temperature and heap body 30cmm every day；Utilize
ANKOM220Fiber type analysis-e/or determining wood fibre cellulose content.
1.5 experimental result
1.5.1 the change of temperature in composting process
The compost of inoculation microbial inoculum is put into the pyrolytic stage (＞ 45 DEG C) (see Fig. 1) for the 2nd day after composting, and lasts till
18th day, temperature was gradually reduced afterwards, was down to less than 35 DEG C when 22 days.In whole composting process, the megathermal period (2～18d) maintains
16 days, accumulated temperature was 706.1 DEG C, and compost temperature has reached the basic demand of compost hazard-free[16].And the heap temperature of Natural compost
Although higher than room temperature, but failing to enter the megathermal period within whole experimental period.The variations in temperature of compost has intuitively reacted compost body
The differentiation of heat in system, is also the important indicator of microbiota metabolic activity, it is seen that inoculation process improves in Composting Process outstanding
It is the microbial activity of early stage.
1.5.2 the changes of contents of lignocellulose in composting process
As shown in Table 1, at the end of compost, add cellulose, hemicellulose and the degradation rate of lignin in the compost of microbial inoculum
Improve 31.31%, 19.57% and 14.33% than comparison respectively, illustrate that in microbial inoculum, lignocellulose degrading bacteria is to wood in compost
Matter cellulose degradation all has promotion in various degree, thus accelerates compost maturity process.
Table 1 composting process ligocellulose degradation leads
Embodiment 2:
Difference from Example 1 is that mixed proportion time prepared by composite bacteria agent capable is: Phanerochaete chrysosporium, ash are the reddest
The solid fungicide of streptomycete, bacillus subtilis, Methylotrophic bacillus cereus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens is according to 2:2:1:1:1
Ratio mix homogeneously.
Composting material and method, sampling are the most same as in Example 1 with assay method.
2.1 experimental result
2.1.1 the change of temperature in composting process
The compost of inoculation microbial inoculum is also put into the pyrolytic stage (＞ 45 DEG C) (see Fig. 2) for the 2nd day after composting,
Megathermal period continue for 18 days, extends 2 days than embodiment 1.
2.1.2 the changes of contents of lignocellulose in composting process
As shown in Table 2, at the end of compost, add cellulose, hemicellulose and the degradation rate of lignin in the compost of microbial inoculum
Improve 32.5%, 22.48% and 16.17% than comparison respectively, illustrate that in microbial inoculum, lignocellulose degrading bacteria is to wood in compost
Matter cellulose degradation all has promotion in various degree, thus accelerates compost maturity process.
Table 2 composting process ligocellulose degradation leads
Embodiment 3:
Difference from Example 1 is that mixed proportion time prepared by composite bacteria agent capable is: Phanerochaete chrysosporium, ash are the reddest
The solid fungicide of streptomycete, bacillus subtilis, Methylotrophic bacillus cereus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens is according to 2:1:2:1:2
Ratio mix homogeneously.
Composting material and method, sampling are the most same as in Example 1 with assay method.
2.1 experimental result
2.1.1 the change of temperature in composting process
The compost of inoculation microbial inoculum is also put into the pyrolytic stage (＞ 45 DEG C) (see Fig. 3) for the 2nd day after composting,
Megathermal period continue for 17 days, extends 1 day than embodiment 1.
2.1.2 the changes of contents of lignocellulose in composting process
As shown in Table 3, at the end of compost, add cellulose, hemicellulose and the degradation rate of lignin in the compost of microbial inoculum
Improve 30.91%, 21.7% and 14.66% than comparison respectively, illustrate that in microbial inoculum, lignocellulose degrading bacteria is to wood in compost
Matter cellulose degradation all has promotion in various degree, thus accelerates compost maturity process.
Table 3 composting process ligocellulose degradation leads
The above, the only detailed description of the invention of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any
The change expected without creative work or replacement, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the present invention
Protection domain should be as the criterion with the protection domain that claims are limited.
Claims (5)
1. a composite bacteria agent capable, it is characterised in that by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, ash slightly red streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, methyl
The solid fungicide of auxotype bacillus cereus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens composition is according to 1-2: the weight ratio of 1-2: 1-2: 1-2: 1-2 is joined
System.
2. the preparation method of the composite bacteria agent capable described in claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) slant culture: by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, ash slightly red streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, Methylotrophic bacillus cereus
It is inoculated in respectively on corresponding solid medium with the original strain of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, by Phanerochaete chrysosporium 28-30
DEG C cultivate 3-5 days, ash slightly red streptomyces 28-30 DEG C is cultivated 5-7 days, by bacillus subtilis, Methylotrophic bacillus cereus
Cultivate 2-3 days with bacillus amyloliquefaciens 30-37 DEG C, make actication of culture；
(2) first order seed is cultivated: with physiological saline solution washing activated inclined plane to shaken cultivation in aseptic triangular flask；Hay spore
Bacillus, Methylotrophic bacillus cereus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens 28-32 DEG C, 150-200r/min cultivate 40-60h obtain one
Level seed liquor；Phanerochaete chrysosporium 26-30 DEG C, 200-240r/min cultivate 70-80h obtain primary seed solution；Ash is the reddest
Streptomycete 26-30 DEG C, 200-240r/mmin cultivate 90-120h obtain primary seed solution；
(3) secondary seed is cultivated: be the inoculum concentration of 10-20% by the volume ratio of fluid medium, is inoculated respectively by first order seed
In fermentation tank, under the conditions of bacillus subtilis, Methylotrophic bacillus cereus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens 30-37 DEG C, cultivate 1-
3 days；Phanerochaete chrysosporium 25-30 DEG C, mixing speed are 100-200r/min, and ventilation is 1: 0.5-1, cultivate 4-6 days；Ash
Slightly red streptomyces 28-30 DEG C, mixing speed be 150-220r/min, ventilation is 1: 1-1.5, cultivates 4-6 days, prepared two grades
Seed；
(4) strain solid fermentation is cultivated: mixed with the ratio of 1: 1 with sterilizing wheat bran respectively by the secondary seed fermentation liquid of each bacterial strain
Dry after fermentation 24-72h, make solid fungicide；
(5) prepared by composite bacteria agent capable: by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, ash slightly red streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, Methylotrophic spore
The solid fungicide of bacillus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens mixes according to part by weight, makes composite bacteria agent capable.
3. the application of the composite bacteria agent capable described in claim 1, described composite bacteria agent capable is used for cow dung compost.
4. the application of the composite bacteria agent capable described in claim 1, described composite bacteria agent capable is used for cow dung compost, is used for reducing in compost
Content of lignin.
5., according to the application described in claim 3 or 4, described cow dung compost comprises the steps:
(1) composting material is fresh cattle manure and rice straw, and rice straw cuts up with a hay cutter into the segment of 3-8cm, with fresh cattle manure according to 1:
The quality of 3-4 to 60～65%, piles fermentation heap than mix homogeneously, regulation moisture；
(2) microbial inoculum is added on Jian Dui limit in limit, and the amount of described microbial inoculum is 5-15 × 109CFU·kg-1Composting material, uniformly mixes after inoculation
Close heap body material；The turning when temperature rises to more than 45 DEG C, every 3d turning 1 time, at a temperature of drop to less than 35 DEG C after every 7d turn over 1
It is secondary, until heap temperature drops to ambient temperature and terminates fermentation.
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| CN107653200A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2018-02-02 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of microbial bacterial agent for promoting dead pig corpse aerobic compost and application |
| CN107653200B (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2020-10-16 | 华中农业大学 | Microbial agent for promoting aerobic composting of dead pig carcasses and application |
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