A kind of noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent preparation and production method and application method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of growth regulator.Be specifically related to a kind of noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent preparation and production method and application method.
Background technology
Along with Organic farming, the development of industrialized agriculture, people are more and more higher to the attention degree of food safety, and non-pollution cultivation technique obtains significant progress.Due to expanding economy, the falling sharply of cultivated area, people wish the volume increase of the food such as grain to place on the thinking of Land Units area output; The development of the modern industry, the transition of natural ecological environment and mankind's quantity sharply expand to the increase of grain demand, a large amount of uses of chemical pesticide, chemical fertilizer are used as one of Main Means of volume increase, unreasonable, unscientific use can cause body eutrophication, heavy metal contamination, soil and farm crop pesticide residue.But the mankind force the too busy to get away agricultural chemicals of crop-planting and the chemical fertilizer such as grain to the demand of food crop, through strict experiment, find, within continuous 3 years, do not use agriculture chemical, the crop yield meetings such as grain fall sharply more than 50%, within continuous 5 years, do not use agriculture chemical, food crop output will only have 20~30% original left and right, and its consequence of bringing is catastrophic.Therefore how to continue new plantation cultivation technique, exploitation novel process, the product innovation of development based on farm crop, solve the residual of traditional chemical agricultural chemicals, and by product harm is that current biochemical field is with one of problem to be solved.
Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins (GA3, GA4+7): be the class plant hormone extensively existed.Its chemical structure belongs to diterpenes acid, by the Fourth Ring skeleton, is derived and is obtained.Can stimulate the growth of leaf and bud.Known Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins class has 38 kinds at least.Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins is applied to agriculture production, and better effects is arranged in some aspects, and the GA content difference of plant each several part is the abundantest in seed, particularly in the ripening stage.Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins (GA4+7) is the modified form of " Activol ", more efficiently, more stable, safer.It can promote axis, leaf growth significantly, particularly the dwarf plant of genotype and bion is had to obvious promoter action; Can replace the needed illumination of seed germination and cold condition, thus stratification; Can make long day plant bloom under the short day condition, shorten life cycle; The energy induced flowering, increase melon female flower number, and induced parthenocarpy improves fruit-setting rate, promotes fruit growth, the delayed fruit aging; If use Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins excessive, side effect can cause lodging, so use, help strong element to be regulated, Potassium simultaneously. in Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins, that the strongest, the most study of physiologically active is GA3, it can promote axis, leaf growth significantly, particularly the dwarf plant of genotype and bion is had to obvious promoter action; Can replace the needed illumination of some seed germination and cold condition, thus stratification; Can make long day plant bloom under the short day condition, shorten life cycle; The energy induced flowering, increase melon male flower number, and induced parthenocarpy improves fruit-setting rate, promotes fruit growth, the delayed fruit aging.In addition, GA3 also can be used for preventing that pericarp from rotting; The a lot of physiological effects of Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins are relevant with protein with the in-house nucleic acid of its regulating plant, and it can not only activate the multiple lytic enzyme in seed, can also promote new enzymic synthesis.
6-benzyladenine: be called for short phytokinin (6BA), a kind of N6-isopentennyladenine be separated to from corn or other plant.The class produced at plant root promotes the material of division of cytoplasm, promotes that the differentiation of Various Tissues and the physiological action of grown cell mitogen are mainly to cause cell fission, the growth of the formation of induced bud and promotion bud.To tobacco marrow or the stem segment of tissue culture, phytokinin can make the myelocyte that has stopped division again dividing.This phenomenon once was used to the biological assay of phytokinin.The differentiation of stem segment often is subject to the adjusting of phytokinin and growth hormone ratio.When phytokinin is high to the concentration ratio of growth hormone, but the formation of induced bud; Otherwise the trend that hestening rooting is arranged.As the axillalry bud topical application phytokinin to suppressing, can remove the inhibition of top to axillalry bud.In natural tussock plant or the plant due to disease generation " withes broom ", often contain more phytokinin.Phytokinin prevents in addition Senescence in Detached Leaves, protects green effect, this is mainly can delay the degradation speed of chlorophyll and protein due to phytokinin, stablize polyribosome, suppress the activity of DNA enzyme, RNA enzyme and proteolytic enzyme, keep the integrity of film etc.Topical application phytokinin on blade, the material of other parts of energy suction is to the place's of using running and accumulation, and in addition, phytokinin also has the formation of the adventive root of inhibition and lateral root formation, the effect of Delaying Leaf-Senescence
[3].Except the fissional material of natural promotion, the material of some similar kinetins of also having used the chemical process synthetic.Usually also be referred to as phytokinin.Synthesising part: the tip of a root, leaf, bud, concrete effect has: cytokinesis, cell transverse extension, remove apical dominance, bud differentiation, suppress the stem elongation, suppress the chlorophyll decomposition, stomatal opening, by amino acid, growth hormone, inorganic salt etc. to multiple usefulness such as treatment sites allocation and transportation, be widely used in agricultural, fruit tree and the garden crop stages from germinateing to gathering in the crops
Indolebutyric acid: sterling is white crystalline solid, and former medicine is that white is to light yellow crystallization.Be dissolved in the organic solvents such as acetone, ether and ethanol, be insoluble in water.Be mainly used in rooting of cuttings, can induce the formation of root substance, promote cytodifferentiation and division, be conducive to the differentiation of new root generation and fibrovascular system, promote the formation of cutting adventive root, can promote the growth of plant root, strengthen and fat up absorption.Be plant endogenous growth hormone, can promote cell fission and Growth of Cells, induce the formation adventive root, increase setting, prevent shedding, change female, male flower ratio etc.Can enter in plant materials via tender epidermis, the seed of blade, branch, with the nutritional flow transporting, to the position of working, certainly in soil, be decomposed into rapidly nitrogenous compound, carbon monoxide, carbonic acid gas and water.
Amino acid, as the smallest molecule that forms protein, has the characteristics absorbed by crops that are easy to; Also be improved fertilising object disease resistance, improve the function of crop quality.Supplement the plant essential amino acid, stimulate and the regulating plant Fast Growth, impel the plant-growth stalwartness, promote the absorption to nutritive substance.Strengthen the metabolic function of plant, improve photosynthesis, promote the root system of plant prosperity, accelerate the plant-growth breeding.
In order to improve the prevention effect to the disease of plant, conventional means strengthen dosage exactly, and the result caused is exactly residual the exceeding standard of agriculture of farm crop, affects food safety, has also caused the significant wastage of agricultural chemicals, and Soil Contamination by Chemical Pesticides.Swelling agent is promoting plant nutrient to absorb, and strengthen photosynthesis and play active effect, but swelling agent is mainly used in the plant-growth cycle and repeatedly sprays and adopt before receiving the way of soaking in the market, has caused greatly the unfavorable factors such as decayed fruit, hormone residues.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent preparation and production method and application method, for after solving existing fruits and vegetables swelling agent and using, cause residual the exceeding standard of agriculture of farm crop, hormone residues, affect the problem of food safety.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent preparation, by mass percentage, comprise following component: 0.1~0.5% Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins, 0.1~0.2% 6-benzyladenine, 0.1~0.2% indolebutyric acid, 1~10% amino acid, 0.1~2% trace element, 5~20% hydrochloric acid or Glacial acetic acid, 10~30% ethanol, 10 ~ 15% emulsifying agents, 0.1 ~ 0.5% stablizer, 3~5% antifreezing agents, 0.04~0.08% warning colouration, surplus is water.
Described noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent aqua is characterized in that: described Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins is GA3 or GA4+7 type Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins.
Described noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent preparation is characterized in that: described auxiliary agent be fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether or the ninth of the ten Heavenly Stems (suffering) base phenol polyethenoxy ether.
Described noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent preparation is characterized in that: described fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is AEO5 or AEO9 type, and the described ninth of the ten Heavenly Stems, (suffering) base phenol polyethenoxy ether was NP-10 or OP-10 type.
Described noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent preparation is characterized in that: described stablizer is one or several compositions in ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, tetrasodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, 2,6 ditertiary butyl p cresol, epoxy soybean oil.
Described noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent preparation is characterized in that: described warning colouration is one or several compositions in light green, carmine, bright orchid.
Described noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent preparation is characterized in that: described trace element is one or several compositions in manganous sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate.
The production method of described noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent preparation, it is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps: 1,, by the 3000ml there-necked flask that adds a band to stir after ethanol and emulsifying agent weighing, start stirring; 2, then will after Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins, 6-benzyladenine, indolebutyric acid, amino acid weighing, once add in flask, be warming up to 40 ℃ and stir after 20 minutes, slowly with constant pressure funnel, add load weighted hydrochloric acid or Glacial acetic acid to stir 20 minutes; 3, in flask, with this, add antifreezing agent, water, trace element and warning colouration fully to stir 20 minutes; 4, be cooled to the room temperature filtration and be described noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent preparation.
The application method of described noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent preparation is characterized in that: by 3000~5000 times of described noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent preparation thin ups, with hairbrush, dip a small amount of liquid, be applied in gently the position fickle in love of plant.
Advantage of the present invention is: traditional spray technique of abandoning and the using method of directly with swelling agent, soaking fruit, and thoroughly stopped medicament and directly contacted with fruit the fruit hormone residues caused, the drawback that the increase of finished product fruit decayed fruit rate should not store.Owing to directly acting on the plant florescence, growth regulator scientific combination from plant-sourced, bring into play the different mechanism of action, itself is distributed and is transformed in the process of growth of plant, will not contact by ripe fruit, under the prerequisite of obtaining better commodity rate fruit, also reduced the harm of waste and pesticide residue.
Embodiment
example 1
In the 3000ml there-necked flask that adds a band to stir after 10% ethanol and the accurate weighing of 10% NP-10, start stirring; Then will after 0.5% Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins (GA3), 0.1%6-benzyladenine, 0.1 indolebutyric acid, 1% amino acid, accurate weighing, once add in flask, be warming up to 40 ℃ and stir after 20 minutes, slowly with constant pressure funnel, add 5% Glacial acetic acid to stir 20 minutes; Add 3% glycerol, 0.1% epoxy soybean oil, water, 0.5% manganous sulfate and 0.04% famille rose with this in flask, fully stir 20 minutes; Be cooled to the room temperature filtration and be noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent of the present invention.
example 2
In the 3000ml there-necked flask that adds a band to stir after 10% ethanol and the accurate weighing of 10% OP-10, start stirring; Then will after 0.1% Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins (GA3), 0.1%6-benzyladenine, 0.1 indolebutyric acid, 5% amino acid, accurate weighing, once add in flask, be warming up to 40 ℃ and stir after 20 minutes, slowly with constant pressure funnel, add 20% hydrochloric acid to stir 20 minutes; Add 3% glycerol, 0.2% 2,6 ditertiary butyl p cresol, water, 0.2% ferrous sulfate and 0.05% famille rose with this in flask, fully stir 20 minutes; Be cooled to the room temperature filtration and be noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent of the present invention.
example 3
In the 3000ml there-necked flask that adds a band to stir after 30% ethanol and the accurate weighing of 15%AEO 5, start stirring; Then will after 0.2% Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins (GA3), 0.1%6-benzyladenine, 0.1 indolebutyric acid, 2% amino acid, accurate weighing, once add in flask, be warming up to 40 ℃ and stir after 20 minutes, slowly with constant pressure funnel, add 10% hydrochloric acid to stir 20 minutes; Add 3% ethylene glycol, 0.5% β-positive octadecanol ester of (3,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid, water, 0.1% copper sulfate and 0.08% light green with this in flask, fully stir 20 minutes; Be cooled to the room temperature filtration and be noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent of the present invention.
example 4
In the 3000ml there-necked flask that adds a band to stir after 20% ethanol and the accurate weighing of 10%NP-10, start stirring; Then will after 0.5% Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins (GA3), 0.1%6-benzyladenine, 0.2 indolebutyric acid, 10% amino acid, accurate weighing, once add in flask, be warming up to 40 ℃ and stir after 20 minutes, slowly with constant pressure funnel, add 10% Glacial acetic acid to stir 20 minutes; Add 4% propylene glycol, 0.2% β-positive octadecanol ester of (3,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid, water, 2% zinc sulfate and 0.08% famille rose with this in flask, fully stir 20 minutes; Be cooled to the room temperature filtration and be noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent of the present invention.
example 5
In the 3000ml there-necked flask that adds a band to stir after 30% ethanol and the accurate weighing of 15%OP-10, start stirring; Then will after 0.1% Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins (GA3), 0.1%6-benzyladenine, 0.2 indolebutyric acid, 1% amino acid, accurate weighing, once add in flask, be warming up to 40 ℃ and stir after 20 minutes, slowly with constant pressure funnel, add 20% hydrochloric acid to stir 20 minutes; Add 5% glycerol, 0.1 %2 with this in flask, 6-ditertbutylparacresol, water, 0.1% zinc sulfate and 0.04% light green, fully stir 20 minutes; Be cooled to the room temperature filtration and be noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent of the present invention.
example 6
In the 3000ml there-necked flask that adds a band to stir after 25% ethanol and the accurate weighing of 12%OP-10, start stirring; Then will after 0.2% Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins (GA3), 0.2%6-benzyladenine, 0.1 indolebutyric acid, 2% amino acid, accurate weighing, once add in flask, be warming up to 40 ℃ and stir after 20 minutes, slowly with constant pressure funnel, add 20% hydrochloric acid to stir 20 minutes; Add 5% glycerol, 0.1 %2 with this in flask, 6-ditertbutylparacresol, water, 0.1% ferrous sulfate, 0.5% zinc sulfate and 0.04% light green, fully stir 20 minutes; Be cooled to the room temperature filtration and be noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent of the present invention.
example 7
In the 3000ml there-necked flask that adds a band to stir after 30% ethanol and the accurate weighing of 15%AEO9, start stirring; Then will after 0.3% Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins (GA3), 0.15%6-benzyladenine, 0.15 indolebutyric acid, 1.5% amino acid, accurate weighing, once add in flask, be warming up to 40 ℃ and stir after 20 minutes, slowly with constant pressure funnel, add 20% hydrochloric acid to stir 20 minutes; Add 5% glycerol, 0.5 % 2,6 ditertiary butyl p cresol, water, 0.8% zinc sulfate and 0.04% light green with this in flask, fully stir 20 minutes; Be cooled to the room temperature filtration and be noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent of the present invention.
example 8
In the 3000ml there-necked flask that adds a band to stir after 30% ethanol and the accurate weighing of 15%AEO5, start stirring; Then will after 0.2% Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins (GA3), 0.1% 6-benzyladenine, 0.1 indolebutyric acid, 2% amino acid, accurate weighing, once add in flask, be warming up to 40 ℃ and stir after 20 minutes, slowly with constant pressure funnel, add 20% hydrochloric acid to stir 20 minutes; Add 5% propylene glycol, 0.5 % 2,6 ditertiary butyl p cresol, water, 0.2% manganous sulfate and 0.06% light green with this in flask, fully stir 20 minutes; Be cooled to the room temperature filtration and be noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent of the present invention.
example 9
In the 3000ml there-necked flask that adds a band to stir after 30% ethanol and the accurate weighing of 10%NP-10, start stirring; Then will after 0.1% Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins (GA3), 0.1% 6-benzyladenine, 0.1 indolebutyric acid, 2% amino acid, accurate weighing, once add in flask, be warming up to 40 ℃ and stir after 20 minutes, slowly with constant pressure funnel, add 20% Glacial acetic acid to stir 20 minutes; Add 5% propylene glycol, 0.5 % 2,6 ditertiary butyl p cresol, water, 0.5% zinc sulfate and 0.05% light green with this in flask, fully stir 20 minutes; Be cooled to the room temperature filtration and be noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent of the present invention.
example 10
In the 3000ml there-necked flask that adds a band to stir after 30% ethanol and the accurate weighing of 15%AEO9, start stirring; Then will after 0.4% Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins (GA3), 0.1% 6-benzyladenine, 0.1 indolebutyric acid, 1.5% amino acid, accurate weighing, once add in flask, be warming up to 40 ℃ and stir after 20 minutes, slowly with constant pressure funnel, add 20% hydrochloric acid to stir 20 minutes; Add 5% ethylene glycol, 0.5 % 2,6 ditertiary butyl p cresol, water, 0.6% zinc sulfate and 0.04% famille rose with this in flask, fully stir 20 minutes; Be cooled to the room temperature filtration and be noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent of the present invention.
the test of pesticide effectiveness
1, pharmacy test design
By medicament of the present invention and using method, in apple, more English walnut, three kinds of row controlled trials of enterprising florescence of fruits and vegetables of tomato, the medicament of pest control and disease is normally used, during normal management, calculate fruit weight after results, diseased fruit rate (containing malformed fruit).
2, pilot survey method
According to the crop difference, minute three kinds, four processing of each kind, two repetitions, amount to the 24Ge community.
Adopt the fruits and vegetables middle and later periods liquid of blooming to dip in colored method dispenser, after picking fruit, 5 plant of every community investigation, 3 fruits of every plant investigation, the calculating mean value of weighing one by one, statistics diseased fruit rate (containing malformed fruit) is put down in writing total fruit tree, sick fruit number, according to the unified approach of the test of pesticide effectiveness, calculates diseased fruit rate and preventive effect.
The sick fruit of investigation number
Diseased fruit rate (%)=-----------------* 100%
The total fruit of investigation number
CK diseased fruit rate-PT diseased fruit rate
Preventive effect (%)=-------------------------* 100%
The CK diseased fruit rate
3, test result analysis
4, conclusion
Table 1 data declaration is under 0.05 and 0.01 level, and in three groups of experiments, between the sample of 2000 times and 3000 times liquid processing, difference is not remarkable, but and does not have the blank difference of dispenser not remarkable.The noresidue fruits and vegetables swelling agent of this invention has significantly improved the commodity weight of single fruits and vegetables, although diseased fruit rate (is mainly malformed fruit, containing two fruits, dehiscent fruit, small-sized fruit etc.) slightly increase, it is mainly the reason generation that should not control due to concentration, amount in artificial dispenser process, but greatly promote to have regulated the fruits and vegetables nutrition absorption, improved the commodity weight of fruits and vegetables, the increase of its a small amount of sick fruit is acceptable, has significant economic and social benefits.