CN107827520B - Chemical control agent and chemical control method for increasing wheat yield - Google Patents
Chemical control agent and chemical control method for increasing wheat yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN107827520B CN107827520B CN201711176466.7A CN201711176466A CN107827520B CN 107827520 B CN107827520 B CN 107827520B CN 201711176466 A CN201711176466 A CN 201711176466A CN 107827520 B CN107827520 B CN 107827520B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a chemical control agent and a chemical control method for improving wheat yield. The preparation comprises gamma-aminobutyric acid, vitamin B6 and potassium phosphate buffer solution with pH of 6.5-6.7, wherein 5-10g of gamma-aminobutyric acid and 62-5 g of vitamin B are added into 1L of potassium phosphate buffer solution. Spraying the whole wheat canopy for 2 times at an interval of 2-3 days 5-9 days after wheat blossoms. The invention utilizes the principle that the content of chlorophyll in leaves and the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves are improved by gamma-aminobutyric acid, thereby improving the thousand grain weight of wheat grains; vitamin B6 is used for regulating C, N metabolism, maintaining the stability of a membrane system under stress, eliminating physiological effects such as active oxygen and the like; the potassium phosphate is used for regulating the pH value and is used as a nutrient element. The preparation of the invention is simple, the method is easy to implement and reliable, and the invention is an environment-friendly chemical control preparation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of regulation and control of physiological processes of cereal crops in the later growth period, and particularly relates to a chemical control method for improving the filling rate of wheat and the yield of grains.
Background
Wheat is the most important food crop in the world. Wheat is second to rice in China. The yield of wheat has continued to increase over the past 50 years. The wheat grain yield is influenced by the accumulation of carbohydrate and nitrogen-containing compounds in the nutritive organs before flowering, assimilation products after flowering and the absorption of nutrient substances by the root systems in the filling period, but more importantly, the transport efficiency of the nutrient substances in the nutritive organs in the filling period to grains. 50-95% of the N-containing compounds in grain come from stores in the vegetative organs of wheat before flowering (Kong et al, 2016). However, the storage in the wheat straw is only partially transferred to the seeds, and the rest part of the storage is still left in the straw, so that the waste of nutrient substances and the reduction of the economic coefficient of crops are caused.
A great deal of research is carried out at home and abroad about the low transport rate of wheat nutritive organ stores, and the research mainly comprises the low content of promoting hormones, the key enzyme activity of C/N metabolic pathway, the expression quantity of related genes and other internal factors such as physiological metabolic disorder. The hormone synthesized by the plant plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of the plant and regulates the metabolism of the crop C, N. For example, cytokinins can induce the expression of genes related to kernel protein synthesis and promote protein synthesis; the zeatin nucleoside (ZR) content and the protein content in the wheat grains are in obvious positive correlation. In addition, the source-reservoir relationship can also regulate the transportation of dry matters in the wheat leaves, and the influence of the post-fertility shrinkage treatment on the transportation of the dry matters in each organ of the wheat is obviously greater than that of the source reservoir. Meanwhile, the wheat filling rate and the seed yield are also influenced by exogenous factors such as meteorological conditions, soil types, soil water content, soil fertility and the like. On the other hand, it is also influenced by human factors such as cultivation management measures. For example, deep scarification can promote the absorption of wheat to deep soil water storage, is favorable for wheat flag leaves to keep higher physiological activity in the middle and later periods of filling, and improves the wheat yield (Roentfei et al, 2012).
The grain filling period is a key period for the formation of wheat yield and is often damaged by drought, dry hot air and plant diseases and insect pests. Therefore, the improvement of the stress resistance and the grain filling rate of the wheat is an important link for improving the yield. At present, researches on the mechanism of exogenous substances on high yield of wheat and the improvement of yield through chemical control measures are relatively weak. Although studies have shown that yield is increased with exogenous hormones, such as ABA, 6-BA, or other plant growth regulators. However, these chemical control substances are not easy to enter into cells, and moreover, surfactants such as Tween-20 and the like are generally added into the solution, which has certain damage to the membrane system of plant cells. Some trace elements such as Cu, Zn, Mn and the like are chemical control application substances, but the trace elements are generally heavy metal elements, and the concentration control is not good, so that the opposite effect is usually achieved.
In order to solve the problems, the method explores a regulation and control mechanism and application of suitable exogenous substances to the wheat filling and grain yield, and has important significance for developing high yield, high efficiency, ecological safety and the like of wheat in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a chemical control agent and a chemical control method for improving the yield of wheat. The method utilizes conventional chemical reagents in a laboratory to improve the filling rate and the yield of the grains of the wheat under normal growth (without natural adversities such as severe drought, dry hot air and the like).
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is as follows: a chemical control agent for improving wheat yield is characterized by comprising gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), vitamin B6 and a potassium phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 6.5-6.7, wherein 5-10g of GABA and 5-5 g of vitamin B62 are added into 1L of the potassium phosphate buffer solution.
Preferred potassium phosphate buffers are: k2HPO4129g/L、KH2PO4170g/L, water balance, pH6.6.
The above formulations may be in solid form (K)2HPO4129g、KH2PO4170g, GABA 5-10g and vitamin B62-5 g) and is dissolved in water when in use, and the volume is fixed to 1L.
The invention also discloses a chemical control method for improving the wheat yield, which is characterized in that windless or breezy weather is selected 5-9d (ovary expansion period) after wheat blooms, and the whole wheat canopy is uniformly sprayed for 2 times at intervals of 2-3 days after 4 pm; the spraying dosage each time is as follows: 0.2 +/-0.05L chemical control agent (1-2 g GABA and 0.4-1g vitamin B6) per mu of land is diluted with water by 100 times and sprayed. In the above time, if the rain falls within 3 hours after spraying, the spraying is carried out again the next day.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon nonprotein amino acid present in many organisms, and its synthesis and metabolism are mainly performed through a bypass of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, namely the GABA-shunt, and its biological functions are very extensive. In vertebrates, GABA is often used as an inhibitor of the central and peripheral nervous systems; in plants, GABA in a natural state is firstly found in potato tubers in 1949 and mainly participates in a series of important vital activities such as growth and development of plants, carbon/nitrogen source nutrition balance, adversity stress response and signal transmission. For example, when plants are subjected to various stress conditions such as physiological stress and plant diseases and insect pests, the GABA content in the body increases rapidly (Alan et al, 2006). Unlike the distribution pattern of other non-protein amino acids in higher plants, GABA is present in a wide variety of plants at high concentrations, even in excess of some protein amino acids (Satynv and Mair, 1986). Vitamin B6 is a coenzyme for more than 140 cellular enzymes, is also a coenzyme required for GABA synthesis, participates in various metabolic reactions, and is particularly closely related to amino acid metabolism. The promotion effect on plant growth is reported at home and abroad, but the application of the wheat grain filling promoter for improving the wheat yield in the aspect of promoting the wheat grain filling rate is not seen when the wheat grain filling promoter is used in the grain filling period. According to the invention, the two substances are utilized for the first time, so that the wheat yield is improved in an environment-friendly, green and efficient manner, and a remarkable effect is obtained.
The technical scheme of the invention is established on the solid biological and chemical basis, and has the following effects:
1. the GABA is sprayed on the whole canopy, so that the generation of leaf chlorophyll can be promoted, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, the high-value duration of the net photosynthetic rate is prolonged, and the thousand grain weight of wheat grains is improved. Vitamin B6The photosynthetic capacity of green organs can be improved, and the plants can be promoted to obtain more carbohydrates and energy; vitamin B absorbed by plants6Then the nitrogen can be transferred into grain in the filling, the nitrogen assimilation and the protein synthesis are promoted, and the filling rate and the yield of the wheat are improved. In another aspect, vitamin B6The antioxidant is also an antioxidant, can effectively quench singlet oxygen and superoxide anion free radicals, and relieves lipid peroxidation damage in adverse environment; it is used as a regulatory molecule for cell signal transduction and has a regulating effect on ion channels on cell membranes; at the same time vitamin B6Is also a coenzyme required for GABA synthesisThe GABA synthesis of wheat is stimulated, so that the spraying dosage of GABA is saved;
2. GABA and vitamin B6The plant cell can well enter plant cells, surfactant such as Tween-20 and the like is not required to be added, and the preparation is a green environment-friendly preparation;
3. the preparation is prepared by potassium phosphate buffer solution, the buffer solution is weakly acidic, and is favorable for activating the activity of key enzymes (such as acid protease) in the grain filling period of wheat and maintaining the ultra-micro structure and the photosynthetic property of chloroplast;
4. k in buffer+、PO4 3-Is a large amount of nutrient elements required by plants and plays a key role in the growth and development of wheat;
5. the preparation of the invention is a laboratory conventional reagent, and compared with the reagents such as hormone, the cost is low, meanwhile, the preparation is simple, and the method is easy and reliable.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A chemical preparation and chemical control method for improving the wheat filling rate and the grain yield specifically comprises the following operations:
(1) wheat planting
Sowing in 2015, 10 months and 8 days, wherein the sowing quantity is 10kg/667m2. Before sowing, spreading compound fertilizer on the ground surface 667m2Purifying N7.5 kg, K2O 9kg、P2O59kg, plowing, raking, sowing and pressing. In the next year, urea is applied to the wheat in the rising period of 667m27.5kg of pure N is applied. The rest is the same as the conventional management.
(2) Preparation of mother liquor
Potassium phosphate buffer: weighing K2HPO4129g、KH2PO4170g of the mixture is put into about 900ml of sterile distilled water in sequence, stirred and dissolved, and finally the volume is determined to 1000ml, and the pH value is 6.6.
Weighing GABA 10g and vitamin B63g of potassium phosphate are dissolved in 1000ml of the above potassium phosphate buffer (pH6.6) with stirring.
(3) Dilution of the formulation
Before spraying, diluting the preparation mother liquor in (2) by 100 times with tap water, wherein the final concentrations are 100mg/L and 30mg/L respectively.
(4) Spraying in field
2016 (5/6) th, 4 pm later, the prepared preparation in (3) is uniformly sprayed on the wheat canopy, 667m220L of spray preparation (containing clear water 20L, GABA 2g, vitamin B)60.6 g). In addition, only clear water was sprayed as a control, simultaneously with GABA (4g/667 m) only2) And spraying vitamin B only6(0.6g/667m2) And (6) comparing. The wheat canopy is integrally and uniformly sprayed. 5 months and 9 days, and spraying for the second time.
(5) Collecting growth index and yield index
The weight of wheat single-ear grains was measured at 9 days at 5 months, 17 days at 5 months, 25 days at 5 months and 2 days at 6 months, respectively, and the results are shown in table 1. NDVI values were measured at 19 days in 5 months and 28 days in 5 months, harvested at 5 days in 6 months, sun-dried in a sun-drying place for 3 days, and yield was measured at 8 days, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 Effect of spray application of formulations on wheat Single ear seed weight
TABLE 2 influence of spray application of the formulation on NDVI and yield of wheat canopy
As can be seen from table 1: the weight ratio of the wheat single-spike grains is obviously increased compared with the illumination by using the treatment of the chemical control agent, and the maximum weight ratio is 12.14 percent in 6 months and 2 days; compared with the single-dose spraying of the vitamin B6, the weight of the grains is improved by 8.51 percent (taking a control as a reference, the same below); compared with GABA single-agent spraying, the grain weight is improved by 3.01 percent on the premise of saving half of GABA dosage, so that the chemical control agent has obvious yield increase effect. As can be seen from table 2: the NDVI in the middle stage and the later stage of grouting are respectively increased by 7.31 percent and 14.04 percent and the yield is increased by 12.19 percent by utilizing the treatment of the chemical control agent. Compared with the vitamin B6 single agent spraying, the NDVI in the middle stage of grouting and the NDVI in the later stage of grouting are respectively increased by 3.49 percent and 8.25 percent, and the yield is increased by 8.57 percent. Compared with GABA single-agent spraying, the NDVI of the green tea is respectively increased by 2.63 percent and 4.92 percent in the middle grouting stage and the later grouting stage on the premise of saving half of the dosage of GABA, and the yield is increased by 2.91 percent. Therefore, the chemical control agent of the invention has obvious yield increasing effect. The chemical control agent of the invention improves the filling rate of wheat, the wheat aging is slow, and the yield of grains is increased.
Example 2
A chemical preparation and chemical control method for improving the wheat filling rate and the grain yield specifically comprises the following operations:
(1) wheat planting
Sowing in 2016 year, 10 months and 10 days, the sowing quantity is 12kg/667m2. Before sowing, spreading compound fertilizer on the ground surface 667m2Purifying N7 kg, K2O 10kg、P2O59kg, plowing, raking, sowing and pressing. In the next year, the wheat is irrigated and urea is applied in the early stage of jointing, 667m2Purified N8 kg was applied. The rest is the same as the conventional management.
(2) Preparation of mother liquor
Potassium phosphate buffer: weighing K2HPO4129g、KH2PO4170g of the mixture is put into about 900ml of sterile distilled water in sequence, stirred and dissolved, and finally the volume is determined to 1000ml, and the pH value is 6.6.
Weighing GABA 8g and vitamin B65g of potassium phosphate are dissolved in 1000ml of the potassium phosphate buffer (pH6.6) with stirring.
(3) Dilution of the formulation
Before spraying, diluting the preparation mother liquor in the step (2) by 100 times with tap water, and performing GABA and vitamin B6The final concentrations were 80mg/L and 50mg/L, respectively.
(4) Spraying in field
And (4) spraying the prepared preparation in the step (3) on the wheat canopy at 5-7 months in 2017 and 4 pm. 667m220L of spray preparation (final spray liquid containing clear water 20L, GABA 1.6.6 g, vitamin B)61g) In that respect In addition, only clear water was sprayed as a control, simultaneously with GABA (4g/667 m) only2) And spraying vitamin B only6(1g/667m2) And (6) comparing. The wheat canopy is integrally and uniformly sprayed. 5 months and 10 days later, enterSpraying for the second time.
(5) Collecting growth index and yield index
Harvesting in 6 months and 4 days, drying in the sun for 3 days, and measuring the yield and testing the seeds in 6 days, wherein the results are shown in Table 3. As can be seen from table 3: the yield of wheat sprayed by the chemical control agent is increased by 12.1 percent compared with the control.
TABLE 3 Effect of spray application of formulations on wheat yield and its composition
Claims (4)
1. A chemical control agent for improving wheat yield is characterized by comprising gamma-aminobutyric acid, vitamin B6 and a potassium phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 6.5-6.7, wherein 5-10g of gamma-aminobutyric acid and 62-5 g of vitamin B are added into 1L of the potassium phosphate buffer solution.
2. The chemical control agent for improving wheat yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein said potassium phosphate buffer is: k2HPO4129g/L、KH2PO4170g/L, water balance, pH6.6.
3. A chemical control method for increasing the yield of wheat is characterized in that the chemical control agent as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is sprayed on the whole wheat canopy 5-9 days after wheat blooms and 4 pm later, and the chemical control agent is sprayed for 2 times at intervals of 2-3 days.
4. The chemical control method for improving wheat yield as claimed in claim 3, wherein the spraying amount is as follows: 0.2 +/-0.05L of chemical control agent per mu of land is diluted by water and then sprayed.
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| CN111410574A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-07-14 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | Functional compound fertilizer for promoting root growth and strengthening seedling and preparation method thereof |
| CN112409076A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-02-26 | 山东福瑞达生物科技有限公司 | Tetrahydropyrimidine-containing foliar fertilizer special for saline-alkali soil and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115517141B (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2024-06-25 | 山西农业大学小麦研究所 | Cultivation method for improving protein content of triticale and micro-fertilizer |
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| EP1416794A4 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2005-06-01 | Univ Chicago | Regulation of plant fertility by modulation of gaba levels in flowers |
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