CN103480862B - 高精度与粗糙度圆锥内孔车削加工工艺 - Google Patents

高精度与粗糙度圆锥内孔车削加工工艺 Download PDF

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CN103480862B
CN103480862B CN201310398187.0A CN201310398187A CN103480862B CN 103480862 B CN103480862 B CN 103480862B CN 201310398187 A CN201310398187 A CN 201310398187A CN 103480862 B CN103480862 B CN 103480862B
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刘玉海
梁玉松
王安亮
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Tongyu Heavy Industry Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B1/00Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods

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Abstract

一种高精度与粗糙度圆锥内孔车削加工工艺,其特征是采用以车代磨的加工方式,用现有的数控卧式车床,通过数控程序补偿,采用内径千分尺多点测量直径尺寸,根据长度计算出内锥角度与口部直径尺寸单边留量进行抛光从而达到工件粗糙度要求。本发明在现有设备的情况下完成高精度内圆锥面的加工,此方法操作简单、方便易行,加工效率高且产品质量稳定性好。

Description

高精度与粗糙度圆锥内孔车削加工工艺
技术领域
本发明属于冷加工车削技术领域。
背景技术
在实际生产活动中遇到大直径高精度的内圆锥表面加工,在内孔加工时,加工难度大且没有专门用于磨削内孔的内圆磨床,若解决此技术问题需专门投入大型内圆磨床设备,设备购置费用高继而造成了生产成本的提高,不能满足生产企业设备与效益的性价比需求。若按照普通方法先留量半精加工然后再研磨,单个产品生产周期长、成本高、效率低,且无法保证圆度与直线度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高精度与粗糙度圆锥内孔车削加工工艺,以解决现有技术大型设备价格昂贵,设备投入高进而加大生产成本,而普通研磨加工方法生产周期长、成本高、效率低及无法保证精度等问题。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是采用以车代磨的加工方式,用现有的数控卧式车床,通过数控程序补偿,采用内径千分尺多点测量直径尺寸,根据长度计算出内锥角度与口部直径尺寸单边留量进行抛光从而达到工件粗糙度要求。具体加工工艺如下:
半精加工时将工件内孔直径车至小于图纸所标注直径2-5mm,在精加工时装夹工件外圆,找正内孔后,采用刀具圆角半径0.3-0.5mm,机床线速度100-110m/min,单边切削深度0.15-0.3mm,编程时刀具每向Z轴方向进给100mm工件直径即X值增大3.491mm,根据此程序工件内孔试切削一刀后用内径千分尺准确测量内孔直径,测量时测量工件内孔距离内孔小端直径孔口距离分别L1、L2处的直径尺寸,记录为D1,D2,则工件内孔锥度α=(D2-D1)/(L2-L1);此时计算出的锥度值α比工件要求锥度值大或小,则计算X轴增变量x=∣工件要求锥度值*100*<tan(α/工件要求锥度值)-tan1°>∣,然后在编程时根据刀具每向Z轴方向进给100mm工件直径即X值增大(3.491-x)或(3.491+x)mm进行比例编程;然后再试车削一刀,然后同样方法测量计算调整,直到内孔锥度符合要求;利用现有的数控卧式车床,车削工件内孔,每次车削单边切削深度为0.05-0.1mm,直至内孔直径尺寸单边余量0.02-0.03mm;采用内孔锥度程序程序砂带抛光方式加工内孔粗糙度至图纸尺寸。
采用本发明的积极效果是:在现有设备的情况下完成高精度内圆锥面的加工,此方法操作简单、方便易行,加工效率高且产品质量稳定性好。
具体实施方式
实施例1
以加工工件内孔小端直径为850mm,要求锥度为2°,工件厚度为350±0.2mm,外圆直径1100mm,内孔要求粗糙度为Ra0.8为例。
采用以车代磨的加工方式,用现有的数控卧式车床,通过数控程序补偿,采用内径千分尺多点测量直径尺寸,根据长度计算出内锥角度与口部直径尺寸单边留量进行抛光从而达到工件粗糙度要求。具体加工工艺如下:
半精加工时将工件内孔直径车至848mm,在精加工时装夹工件外圆,找正内孔后,采用刀具圆角半径0.4mm,机床线速度105m/min,单边切削深度0.2mm,编程时刀具每向Z轴方向进给100mm工件直径即X值增大3.491mm,根据此程序工件内孔试切削一刀后用内径千分尺准确测量内孔直径,测量时测量工件内孔距离内孔小端直径孔口距离分别L1、L2处的直径尺寸,记录为D1,D2,则工件内孔锥度α=(D2-D1)/(L2-L1);如果此时计算出的锥度值α比2°大或小,则计算X轴增变量x=∣2*100*<tan(α/2)-tan1°>∣,然后在编程时根据刀具每向Z轴方向进给100mm工件直径即X值增大(3.491-x)或(3.491+x)mm进行比例编程,然后再试车削一刀,然后同样方法测量计算调整,直到内孔锥度符合要求2°,利用现有的数控卧式车床,车削工件内孔,每次车削单边切削深度为0.08mm,直至内孔直径尺寸单边余量0.03mm;采用内孔锥度程序程序砂带抛光方式加工内孔粗糙度至图纸尺寸Ra0.8。
实施例2
以加工工件内孔小端直径为840mm,要求锥度为1.8°,工件厚度为350±0.2mm,外圆直径1100mm,内孔要求粗糙度为Ra0.7为例。
采用以车代磨的加工方式,用现有的数控卧式车床,通过数控程序补偿,采用内径千分尺多点测量直径尺寸,根据长度计算出内锥角度与口部直径尺寸单边留量进行抛光从而达到工件粗糙度要求。具体加工工艺如下:
半精加工时将工件内孔直径车至835mm,在精加工时装夹工件外圆,找正内孔后,采用刀具圆角半径0.48mm,机床线速度102m/min,单边切削深度0.3mm,编程时刀具每向Z轴方向进给100mm工件直径即X值增大3.491mm,根据此程序工件内孔试切削一刀后用内径千分尺准确测量内孔直径,测量时测量工件内孔距离内孔小端直径孔口距离分别L1、L2处的直径尺寸,记录为D1,D2,则工件内孔锥度α=(D2-D1)/(L2-L1);如果此时计算出的锥度值α比1.8°大或小,则计算X轴增变量x=∣1.8*100*<tan(α/2)-tan1°>∣,然后在编程时根据刀具每向Z轴方向进给100mm工件直径即X值增大(3.491-x)或(3.491+x)mm进行比例编程,然后再试车削一刀,然后同样方法测量计算调整,直到内孔锥度符合要求1.8°,利用现有的数控卧式车床,车削工件内孔,每次车削单边切削深度为0.1mm,直至内孔直径尺寸单边余量0.02mm;采用内孔锥度程序程序砂带抛光方式加工内孔粗糙度至图纸尺寸Ra0.7。

Claims (1)

1.一种高精度与粗糙度圆锥内孔车削加工工艺,其特征是,具体加工工艺包括:
半精加工时将工件内孔直径车至小于图纸所标注直径2-5mm,在精加工时装夹工件外圆,找正内孔后,采用刀具圆角半径0.3-0.5mm,机床线速度100-110m/min,单边切削深度0.15-0.3mm,编程时刀具每向Z轴方向进给100mm工件直径即X值增大3.491mm,根据此程序工件内孔试切削一刀后用内径千分尺准确测量内孔直径,测量时测量工件内孔距离内孔小端直径孔口距离分别L1、L2处的直径尺寸,记录为D1,D2,则工件内孔锥度α=(D2-D1)/(L2-L1);此时计算出的锥度值α比工件要求锥度值大或小,则计算X轴增变量x=∣工件要求锥度值*100*<tan(α/工件要求锥度值)-tan1°>∣,然后在编程时根据刀具每向Z轴方向进给100mm工件直径即X值增大(3.491-x)或(3.491+x)mm进行比例编程;然后再试车削一刀,然后同样方法测量计算调整,直到内孔锥度符合要求;利用现有的数控卧式车床,车削工件内孔,每次车削单边切削深度为0.05-0.1mm,直至内孔直径尺寸单边余量0.02-0.03mm;采用内孔锥度程序,砂带抛光方式加工内孔粗糙度至图纸尺寸。
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CN105666250B (zh) * 2016-03-25 2018-03-30 哈尔滨理工大学 一种车削加工精度一致性的检测方法
CN106312573B (zh) * 2016-10-21 2018-09-28 湖北三江航天万峰科技发展有限公司 一种倒内锥孔加工装置以及加工检测方法
CN108620819A (zh) * 2018-04-19 2018-10-09 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 一种加工扩散管类产品内孔的方法
CN108527739B (zh) * 2018-04-19 2024-01-23 贵州鸿兴时代动力新能源科技有限公司 一种电池削披峰装置
CN110986853A (zh) * 2019-11-22 2020-04-10 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 一种多点测量发动机尾喷口尺寸的设备

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EP1183122A1 (en) * 1999-06-04 2002-03-06 Unova U.K. Limited Hard turning
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