CN1034785A - 改善内燃机燃烧的方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960002163 hydrogen peroxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
- F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
一种改进内燃机燃烧的方法，借助向燃烧室中输
送含过氧化物的液体组合物以减少废气中的有害成
分量。当内燃机从排气冲程向进气冲程转变时，通过
排气阀(17)使一部分上述液体组合物喷入，从而使废
气管(16)和可能设置的催化设备中的后燃都得到改
善。
Description
本发明涉及改善内燃机燃烧的方法，把含有过氧化物的一种液体组合物送入燃烧室从而减少废气中的有害成分量。
汽车数目的增加，尤其是在城区，正在引起废气增加而带来的健康和环境问题。引起主要问题的有害成分主要是碳的氧化物，碳氢化合物和氮的氧化物。产生不洁废气的根源是不完全燃烧。已有不同的技术来减少有害成分量，最常见的是著名的催化技术，该技术使废气在实际的燃烧过程之外燃烧。
关于柴油机废气，许多问题有待解决。其中之一是烟垢的形成，另一个是燃烧过程中形成的氮的氧化物。使用催化设备有可能减少碳的氧化物和碳氢化合物的排出，这样做所产生的问题在于，除了使CO和HC氧化成CO2和水之外，还把一定量的氮气氧化成氮的氧化物（NOX）。其原因在于，柴油发动机不可避免地要在过量空气的条件下工作。另一个问题是工作一定时期后形成的烟垢会妨碍催化剂的作用。例如，使用乙醇代替柴油可以部分地或全部地消除烟垢的形成。但是形成氮的氧化物的问题依然存在。
本发明的目的是改善内燃机的燃烧，从而减少内燃机废气中有害成分的排放，即使内燃机是柴油机，在内燃机和催化设备中都会减少烟垢和氮的氧化物的形成。这一点是靠下述方法实现的，即，把上述液体组合物喷入内燃机的每一气缸，当内燃机从排气冲程向进气冲程转变时使该液体组合物通过排气阀，因而改善废气管和可能设置的催化设备中的后燃。
现结合以下附图所示实施例，对本发明做详细描述。
图1是通过柴油机气缸盖的垂直剖面图，图中画出了进气阀;
图2是沿图1中Ⅱ-Ⅱ线的剖面图。
图示的柴油机具有一个气缸盖11，一个通向柴油机燃烧室13的进气管12，以及一个与阀座15配合工作的进气阀14。废气管的编号是16;排气阀的编号是17。喷油咀的编号是18。在该实施例中，燃油被喷入预燃室19，预燃室设有加热塞20以利于冷启动。另一种作法是把燃油直接喷入燃烧室13。
输送管21设置在进气管21之中，用来输送含有过氧化物，水，可能还有其它添加剂的液体组合物，这一点下面还将详述，输送管21设置在另一根管22中并与其留有间隙，其中的介质的压力不同于输送管21出口件23处的压力。出口件临近于进气阀，出口件23也可以设置在发动机的燃烧室内，介质可以是气态的，由大气组成，此时，管22与内燃机之外的大气相连通。介质也可以是内燃机的废气，内燃机的废气在压力下通过管22输送。介质也可以是加压气体，例如，从涡轮增加器或从专用气泵提供的少量空气。
由于这种结构，所输送的液体组合物可实现雾化。管21和22的端部如瑞典专利8604448-4（相应于PCT/SE87/0047）所述，以不同的方式设置。这样，输送管21的出口件23可以轴向地相对于管22的出口件移动，因此，出口件23可以在管22的出口件之内或之外定位，因此液体或液滴可在来自管22的介质流中雾化。
另一种结构是使管21和22具有一个共用出口，其直径小于管22的端部23，这个共用出口可以加大以便在液体和介质有效混合的窄通道之后输导气流。
如果另加燃料，如可通过输送管21之外而在介质管22之内设置的一输送管来供应乙醇。液体组合物的输送和调节是靠输送装置（未画出）来进行的。由于液体是在几乎没有压力下输送的，而且在某些情况下输送量很小，所以气流量对液体的雾化是至关重要的。显然，每个气缸可设置一根以上环绕有管22的输送管21。另一种做法是把燃油（例如乙醇）混合在所输送的液体组合物中。
液体组合物的成分可以变化，但是应含有0.001-80%，最好含有0.1-30%过氧化物，最好是过氧化氢。它也可含有高达5%的一种具有抗腐蚀添加剂的油。液体组合物的其余部分是水和/或具有1至8个碳原子的脂族醇，最好是乙醇。醇最好占液体组合物的10-95%。
当设置过氧化物的输送系统时，要避免长距离输送和常见的金属，这是很重要的。由于制造一高压系统又不用金属是很困难的，所以在输送系统中也要避免高压，这也是因为高压会使不稳定的成分分解。
另一重要因素是，液体要以陡角喷入燃烧室13，越靠近中心越好，以便避免与缸壁24接触 
如果液体与缸避接触，液体就会有失去其性质的危险，也会向下透入曲轴箱的油中，液体也会冲净气缸壁，导致气缸的加速磨损并增加润滑油的消耗。
如上所述连续的液体喷射，其结果是一部分液体由于重叠期向外进入废气管16，这有一定好处，因为一定量的液体组合物会改善在废气管中的后燃。如果具有催化设备，那么在催化设备中的后燃也会大大改善，从而提高催化设备的效率。调整进、排气阀14和17之间的重叠期的长度，可以增加或减少由于重叠期流出的液体量。这一点也可以用新的结构;或用新凸轮轴代替原有凸轮轴来实现。这一点还可以用改变出口件23至排气阀门的距离来实现，该距离越大，透入废气管的液体量越小。
在本说明书的开始，提到了当在柴油机车辆上使用催化设备而出现的问题，这就是烟垢和氮的氧化物（NOx）的生成。这些问题同样可以采用如上所述输送过氧化物的方法加以解决。挪威的“Statens技术研究所”在Volro.Penta MD1型柴油机上进行过试验。在无催化剂无液体组合物的条件下进行了第一项试验，在有催化剂同时喷入含有某种含过氧化物的液体的条件下进行了第二项试验。在该项试验中液体组合物的成分是7%的过氧化氢溶液占10%，乙醇占90%。在这种情况下，大部分柴油由这种液体组合物代替。
以下是取得的试验结果：
| COppm | CO2% | HCPPm | NOXppm | 烟垢勃赤(Bosch) | |
| 第一项试验 | 2600 | 8.5 | 200 | 1400 | 4.2 |
| 第二项试验 | 15 | 10.4 | 150 | 400 | 0.25 |
必须注意，柴油机是在大量过量空气和高的燃烧温度下工作的。尽管如此，NOX的排放量还是有所减少。发动机的效率并没有改变。
液体组合物对普通燃油的比率的变化范围可以在百分之几十到几乎100%。当液体成分接近100%时，其主要成分最好是醇，醇将象在奥图发动机（Otto-engine）中那样燃烧而无烟垢生成。
本发明不只局限于柴油发动机，也适用于包括汽油发动机在内的各类内燃机。
Claims (10)
1、改善内燃机燃烧的方法，其中借助向燃烧室中输送含过氧化物的液体组合物来减少废气中有害成分含量，其特征在于：当内燃机从排气冲程向进气冲程转变时，通过排气阀(17)喷入一部分所述液体组合物，从而使废气管(16)和可能设置的催化设置中的后燃都得到改善。
2、改善内燃机燃烧的方法，其中借助向燃烧室中输送含过氧化物液体组合物来减少废气中有害成分含量，其特征在于：所述液体组合物是通过一输送管（21）提供的，输送管（21）的出口件位于内燃机燃烧室（13）之内或附近，输送管（21）设置在一条介质管（22）内，介质管内的压力不同于输送管（21）的出口件处的压力，因而使输送的液体被雾化并带走。
3、按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：所述液体组合物被雾化，其喷射的方向使其分布到燃烧室和紧靠排气阀（17）处，排气阀（17）由于重叠期至少在部分进气阶段中是打开的。
4、按照前述权利要求之中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：所述液体组合物含有至少0.001%的过氧化物。
5、按照权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：所述液体组合物含有0.1-35%的过氧化物。
6、按照权利要求4或5所述的方法，其特征在于：所述液体组合物含有高达99%的具有1-8个碳原子的脂肪醇。
7、按照权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于：所述液体组合物含有10-95%的醇。
8、按照权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于：所述醇是乙醇。
9、按照前述权利要求之中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：普通燃油完全或部分被所述液体组合物代替。
10、按照权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：所述液体组合物的主要部分是一种醇，最好是乙醇。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8800291-0 | 1988-01-29 | ||
| SE8800291A SE462810B (sv) | 1988-01-29 | 1988-01-29 | Saett att foerbaettra foerbraenningen i foerbraenningsmotorer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1034785A true CN1034785A (zh) | 1989-08-16 |
| CN1025232C CN1025232C (zh) | 1994-06-29 |
Family
ID=20371215
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89100537A Expired - Fee Related CN1025232C (zh) | 1988-01-29 | 1989-01-30 | 改善内燃机燃烧及后燃的方法 |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5105772A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0397759B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2875318B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR960015459B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1025232C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE112363T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU634957B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR8907212A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA1323259C (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ280479B6 (zh) |
| DD (1) | DD283445A5 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE68918582T2 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK178290A (zh) |
| FI (1) | FI903710A0 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HU205794B (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL159888B1 (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT89552B (zh) |
| SE (1) | SE462810B (zh) |
| SK (1) | SK278825B6 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1989007196A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5331924A (en) * | 1992-03-12 | 1994-07-26 | Kraus Gregory A | Catalytic liquid injection system for emission control |
| SE501594C2 (sv) * | 1993-05-22 | 1995-03-20 | Jeff Burke | Metod att rena avgaserna vid en förbränningsprocess |
| DE19617885A1 (de) * | 1996-05-04 | 1997-12-11 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Verringerung des Rußgehaltes im Abgas eines Dieselmotors und Einrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens |
| US7174861B2 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2007-02-13 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for fueling an internal combustion engine |
| CN100362227C (zh) * | 2006-03-27 | 2008-01-16 | 寇承平 | 改善内燃机燃烧的方法 |
| US8883865B2 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2014-11-11 | Cerion Technology, Inc. | Cerium-containing nanoparticles |
| JP2010502820A (ja) | 2006-09-05 | 2010-01-28 | セリオン テクノロジー， インコーポレーテッド | 二酸化セリウムナノ粒子含有燃料添加剤 |
| US10435639B2 (en) | 2006-09-05 | 2019-10-08 | Cerion, Llc | Fuel additive containing lattice engineered cerium dioxide nanoparticles |
| WO2015058037A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2015-04-23 | Cerion, Llc | Malic acid stabilized nanoceria particles |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2024972A1 (de) * | 1970-05-22 | 1971-12-02 | Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg | Ventilbetätigung für Brennkraftmaschinen |
| JPS4868922A (zh) * | 1971-12-24 | 1973-09-19 | ||
| US4182278A (en) * | 1977-08-29 | 1980-01-08 | Coakwell Charles A | Combustion system for internal combustion engines |
| US4359969A (en) * | 1978-05-22 | 1982-11-23 | Allan Mellovist | Method of improving the combustion of fuel containing hydrocarbon compounds in the combustion chamber or chambers of internal combustion engines, and a liquid composition for carrying the method into effect |
| US4398505A (en) * | 1981-10-22 | 1983-08-16 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Diesel fuel composition |
| US4406254A (en) * | 1982-02-10 | 1983-09-27 | General Motors Corporation | Method for lean operation of spark-ignited gasoline-fueled reciprocating engine |
-
1988
- 1988-01-29 SE SE8800291A patent/SE462810B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-01-27 EP EP89902090A patent/EP0397759B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-01-27 HU HU891050A patent/HU205794B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-01-27 KR KR1019890701793A patent/KR960015459B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-01-27 AU AU30359/89A patent/AU634957B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-01-27 PT PT89552A patent/PT89552B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-01-27 WO PCT/SE1989/000022 patent/WO1989007196A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-01-27 CA CA000589377A patent/CA1323259C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-01-27 DE DE68918582T patent/DE68918582T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-01-27 BR BR898907212A patent/BR8907212A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-01-27 JP JP1501918A patent/JP2875318B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-01-27 US US07/548,956 patent/US5105772A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-01-27 AT AT89902090T patent/ATE112363T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-01-30 SK SK564-89A patent/SK278825B6/sk unknown
- 1989-01-30 DD DD89325338A patent/DD283445A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-01-30 PL PL1989277467A patent/PL159888B1/pl unknown
- 1989-01-30 CZ CS89564A patent/CZ280479B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-01-30 CN CN89100537A patent/CN1025232C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-07-24 FI FI903710A patent/FI903710A0/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-26 DK DK178290A patent/DK178290A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL277467A1 (en) | 1989-10-16 |
| SK56489A3 (en) | 1998-03-04 |
| ATE112363T1 (de) | 1994-10-15 |
| SE8800291D0 (sv) | 1988-01-29 |
| DK178290D0 (da) | 1990-07-26 |
| SE8800291L (sv) | 1989-07-30 |
| EP0397759B1 (en) | 1994-09-28 |
| HU891050D0 (en) | 1991-02-28 |
| PT89552A (pt) | 1989-10-04 |
| FI903710A0 (fi) | 1990-07-24 |
| BR8907212A (pt) | 1991-03-05 |
| PL159888B1 (pl) | 1993-01-29 |
| US5105772A (en) | 1992-04-21 |
| DD283445A5 (de) | 1990-10-10 |
| AU3035989A (en) | 1989-08-25 |
| CZ280479B6 (cs) | 1996-01-17 |
| JP2875318B2 (ja) | 1999-03-31 |
| AU634957B2 (en) | 1993-03-11 |
| DE68918582T2 (de) | 1995-05-18 |
| DE68918582D1 (de) | 1994-11-03 |
| KR960015459B1 (ko) | 1996-11-14 |
| KR900700751A (ko) | 1990-08-16 |
| CA1323259C (en) | 1993-10-19 |
| JPH03503434A (ja) | 1991-08-01 |
| SE462810B (sv) | 1990-09-03 |
| SK278825B6 (sk) | 1998-03-04 |
| HU205794B (en) | 1992-06-29 |
| EP0397759A1 (en) | 1990-11-22 |
| HUT54772A (en) | 1991-03-28 |
| CZ56489A3 (en) | 1995-09-13 |
| PT89552B (pt) | 1994-03-31 |
| CN1025232C (zh) | 1994-06-29 |
| DK178290A (da) | 1990-07-26 |
| WO1989007196A1 (en) | 1989-08-10 |
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