IE43447B1 - Process and arrangement for reducing pollution of the atmosphere by exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Process and arrangement for reducing pollution of the atmosphere by exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number
IE43447B1
IE43447B1 IE2522/75A IE252275A IE43447B1 IE 43447 B1 IE43447 B1 IE 43447B1 IE 2522/75 A IE2522/75 A IE 2522/75A IE 252275 A IE252275 A IE 252275A IE 43447 B1 IE43447 B1 IE 43447B1
Authority
IE
Ireland
Prior art keywords
steam
engine
intake manifold
air intake
air
Prior art date
Application number
IE2522/75A
Other versions
IE43447L (en
Original Assignee
Manassa Ets
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from BE150628A external-priority patent/BE822337A/en
Priority claimed from BE153203A external-priority patent/BE825353R/en
Priority claimed from BE161770A external-priority patent/BE835467R/en
Application filed by Manassa Ets filed Critical Manassa Ets
Publication of IE43447L publication Critical patent/IE43447L/en
Publication of IE43447B1 publication Critical patent/IE43447B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
    • B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
    • F02B47/02—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being water or steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B51/00—Other methods of operating engines involving pretreating of, or adding substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines
    • F02B51/02—Other methods of operating engines involving pretreating of, or adding substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines involving catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/032—Producing and adding steam
    • F02M25/035—Producing and adding steam into the charge intakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)

Abstract

Discharge of harmful gases, eg. unburned hydrocarbons, CO, oxides of N and SO2 into the atmos., is prevented by treatment with steam in presence of a body contg. Ge or Ce. The harmful gases are esp. exhaust gases from an i.c. engine. The process can also be applied to turbine engines, turbo-reactors, domestic heating appliances and industrial flues. The engine power and fuel consumption are improved. The amts. of CO, unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of N and SO2 discharged are nil, compared with 4-5.5% CO and 1-3% of the other gases for an untreated engine. The engine operates easily on a lean combustion mixt., in contrast to an untreated engine. Treatment is esp. over an alloy or cpd. of Ge or Ge with a metal, e.g. Fe, contg. 0.5-100 (36-40)% Ce or 45-80% Ge.

Description

The present invention relates essentially to a method and apparatus for reducing the pollution of the atmosphere by noxious gases such as nitrogen oxides ana carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.
This problem assumes particular importance nowadays and a great number of attempts have been made to reduce or eliminate such noxious gases which are present in the gases, smoke or fumes rejected to the atmosphere by the exhaust systems of internal combustion engines of automotive vehicles and so forth.
A great number of methods and devices are already known which are intended to purify or cleanse the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. However, these means are not entirely satisfactory, for on the one hand they are often complex, expensive and insufficiently reliable and, on the other hand, they do not allow the nitrogen oxides and the carbon monoxide to be largely eliminated from the exhaust gases.
Moreover, most of these known means are intended to eliminate or decompose the noxious gases, but not to prevent their formation.
The purpose of the present invention is precisely -24 3 14 7 to alleviate the drawbacks to the known means, by a method and apparatus which are relatively simple, inexpensive and reliable.
Accordingly, the invention provides a method for 5 reducing the pollution of the atmosphere by noxious gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, comprising introducing steam into an air intake manifold of the engine and feeding a combustion chamber of the engine with fuel admixed with the resulting mixture of air and steam, the steam being brought into contact with an element composed of cerium or comprising cerium just before or after the introduction of said steam into the air intake manifold.
It has been surprisingly found that the introduction of steam into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine results in almost complete absence of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases rejected to the atmosphere.
Thus, the greatest risks of pollution of the atmosphere by noxious gases are substantially eliminated in an extremely simple manner and with inexpensive means. -343447 A corollary advantage of the invention is that the combustion of a fuel-air mixture takes place more efficiently, that a small but real reduction in fuel consumption is observed and that simultaneously the formation of carbon deposits or soot is substantially reduced or eliminated.
The invention also relates to apparatus comprising part of an internal combustion engine, for carrying out the method according to the invention as hereinbefore defined, and comprising an air intake manifold of’the engine, a fuel source connected to supply fuel to the air intake manifold, a steam source, a steam introduction conduit from the steam source for introducing steam into the air intake manifold, and an element composed of cerium or comprising cerium positioned in the path which the steam must take through the passageway, leading from an air intake point, through the air intake manifold to the location where fuel combustion will Occur.
The invention will be better understood and other purposes, details, features and advantages of the latter will appear more clearly as the following explanatory description proceeds with reference to the appended diagrammatic drawings given by -4way of example illustrating an embodiment of the invention and wherein;Figure 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of an i nternal-conibusti on-engi ne intake manifold provided with apparatus according to the invention; and Figure 2 is a more detailed view of the means for introduction of steam shown in the apparatus of Figure 1.
In Figure 1 is therefore illustrated the application of the method and apparatus according to the invention to the intake system of an internal combustion engine, e.g. for an automotive vehicle.
The intake system comprises, in a manner known per se, a conduit 1, the internal wall of which is provided with a venturi 2 and which forms the inlet to the intake manifold 3 of an internal combustion engine. The inlet of the conduit 1 is provided at its top with an air filter 4, and the engine supply air therefore penetrates through this air filter into the conduit 1 and flows in the direction indicated by arrow 5. -543447 Liquid fuel such as gasoline is supplied from a unit 6, arranged in immediate proximity to the conduit 1 and which sends into the venturi 2 thereof liquid fuel atomized into fine droplets by means of a jet (not shown). The arrow 7 indicates the intake of the atomized fuel into the venturi 2 of the conduit 1.
The intake system also comprises a throttle valve 8 arranged downstream of the venturi 2 and allowing the flow of the mixture of air and atomized fuel towards the cylinder to be adjusted.
The intake system also comprises means 9 for the introduction of steam into the venturi 2, as indicated by arrow 10. A screen 11 of cerium or of a compound comprising cerium is arranged downstream of the venturi 2, close to the inlet of the intake manifold 3, so that the mixture of supply air, of atomized fuel and of steam sucked into the conduit 1 passes through the screen 11.
The rate of introduction of steam into the venturi 2 depends upon the running speed of the engine, for example in the same manner as the unit 6 allows the fuel intake into the venturi 2 to be adjusted. -64 3 4 4 7 In Figure 2 is shown a forra of embodiment of the means of steam supply into the venturi 2.
These means comprise essentially a sealingly closed water-tank 13 connected through a diptube 14 provided with a cock 15 with the internal space of a heat exchanger 16 through which extends the exhaust pipe (or pipes) 17 of the engine. The heat exchanger 16 is provided with an air inlet 18 and a steam outlet pipe 19 which opens into the internal space of the air intake conduit through a nozzle 21 extending within the conduit lengthwise and in the air flow direction 5.
This means operates as follows: The arrangement of the closed tank 13 above the heat exchanger 16 ensures a substantially constant level of the water in the exchanger 16 and an automatic replacement of the amount of water converted into steam through heat exchange with the exhaust gases passing in the pipe 17. The lengthwise arrangement of the nozzle 21 in the air intake conduit 1 ensures that the rate of flow of the steam admitted into the conduit as a result of suction by the flow of air shall depend upon the rate of flow of the air admitted into the cylinders, thus resulting in automatic control and regulation of the amount of steam admitted into the conduit according to the various running speeds of the engine The steam flow can be originally adjusted by suitably selecting the dimensions of the pipe 19 and the nozzle 21, or by means of a valve 20 mounted on the pipe 19 upstream of the air intake conduit 1.
The supply air, the atomized fuel and the steam introduced into the venturi 2 are sucked into the intake manifold 3 of the engine and thus flow through the screen 11 of cerium or of a compound comprising cerium. This mixture is thereafter distributed into the various engine cylinders in order to be burned therein in the conventional manner, and the combustion gases are rejected to the atmosphere by the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine.
It is then surprisingly found that the exhaust gases contain virtually no traces of carbon monoxide or nitrogen oxides. Moreover, it is also found that the fuel consumption of an engine provided with the apparatus according to the invention is slightly less than that of an identical engine of a conventional type.
Also, it is observed that the combustion of the -S43447 fuel, air and steam mixture in the engine cylinder does not produce carbon deposits or soot.
The causes of this surprising result are still not known. It may be assumed that the screen 11 arranged immediately upstream of the inlet of the engine intake manifold 3 produces a decomposition of the steam and that the hydrogen thus obtained comprises nascent or atomic hydrogen. The surprising result of the production of hydrogen is that it prevents the formation and/or it produces the decomposition of the nitrogen oxides and the carbon monoxide in the combustion gases which will thereafter be rejected to the atmosphere.
In addition to the afore-mentioned advantages, it is found that the exhaust fumes are purified. Also, the engine is more flexible and more silent in operation.
It should be noted that the introduction of steam, together with its passage on a cerium screen, may also be advantageously performed exactly at the location where the formation of the polluting compounds during the combustion process takes place, or immediately upstream of the said location. -g.
It should also be noted that the cerium screen may be replaced by a coating or a layer of cerium or of a compound comprising cerium on the walls of the conduit 1, and such a coating will be construed as an element for the purposes of this speci fi cation.

Claims (9)

1. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:1. Method for reducing the pollution of the atmosphere by noxious gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases 5 of an internal combustion engine, comprising introducing steam into an air intake manifold of the engine and feeding a combustion chamber of the engine with fuel admixed with the resulting mixture of air and steam, the steam being 10 brought into contact with an element composed of cerium or comprising cerium just before or after the introduction of said steam into the air intake manifold. lb
2. method according to Claim 1, wherein the rate of flow of the steam admitted in the air intake manifold depends upon the rate of flow of air admitted into the cylinders of the engine.
3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the steam is produced from water by way of heat exchange with the engine exhaust gases. 25
4. Apparatus comprising part of an internal combustion engine for carrying out the method -1143447 according to any one of the foregoing claims, comprising an air intake manifold of the engine, a fuel source connected to supply fuel to the air intake manifold, a steam source, a steam introduction conduit from the steam source for introducing steam into the air intake manifold, and an element composed of cerium or comprising cerium positioned in the path which the steam must take through the passageway, leading from an air intake point, through the air intake manifold to the location where the fuel combustion will occur.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the said element is a screen arranged transversely at the inlet of the air intake manifold or a coating covering the internal wall of a conduit leading to the intake manifold.
6. Apparatus according to Claim 4 or 5, wherein the steam source comprises a heat exchanger arranged to be supplied with water and through which extends an exhaust pipe of the engine.
7. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 4 to 6, wherein the steam introduction conduit opens into a conduit leading to the air intake manifold through a nozzle directed in the same direction -1243347 as that of the direction of flow of air through the manifold.
8. Method substantially as described and represented in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings.
9. Apparatus substantially as described and represented in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings.
IE2522/75A 1974-11-19 1975-11-19 Process and arrangement for reducing pollution of the atmosphere by exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine IE43447B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE150628A BE822337A (en) 1974-11-19 1974-11-19 Exhaust pollution reduction method - produces hydrogen by action of cerium on water vapour
BE153203A BE825353R (en) 1974-11-19 1975-02-10 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR AVOIDING POLLUTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE BY HARMFUL GASES SUCH AS NITROGEN OXIDES AND CARBON MONOXIDE
BE161770A BE835467R (en) 1974-11-19 1975-11-12 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR AVOIDING POLLUTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE BY HARMFUL GASES SUCH AS NITROGEN OXIDES AND CARBON MONOXIDE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
IE43447L IE43447L (en) 1976-05-19
IE43447B1 true IE43447B1 (en) 1981-02-25

Family

ID=27158541

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IE2522/75A IE43447B1 (en) 1974-11-19 1975-11-19 Process and arrangement for reducing pollution of the atmosphere by exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine

Country Status (15)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS51101782A (en)
AR (1) AR208571A1 (en)
AT (1) AT362621B (en)
CA (1) CA1054468A (en)
DD (1) DD122032A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2551350A1 (en)
DK (1) DK148555C (en)
EG (1) EG12030A (en)
IE (1) IE43447B1 (en)
IL (1) IL48500A (en)
LU (1) LU73821A1 (en)
MC (1) MC1081A1 (en)
NL (1) NL7513507A (en)
NO (1) NO141698C (en)
PL (1) PL105710B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0101434A1 (en) * 1982-02-16 1984-02-29 Advanced Motion Limited Device for supplying water vapour to an internal combustion engine
JP2560067B2 (en) * 1988-03-01 1996-12-04 第一稀元素化学工業株式会社 Deodorant
JPH02180639A (en) * 1989-01-06 1990-07-13 N E Chemcat Corp Exhaust gas purifying catalyst for reducing generation of hydrogen sulfide and its manufacture
DE3926817A1 (en) * 1989-08-14 1991-02-21 Miltiathis Markou Lubricant contg. lubricating oil and rare earth element esp. cerium - used in internal combustion engines for reducing pollutant content in exhaust gases

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE466478C (en) * 1923-07-22 1928-10-08 Brevets Catalex Soc D Process for the treatment of hydrocarbons by means of catalysis for use in explosion engines
DE618661C (en) * 1932-07-19 1935-09-13 Degea Akt Ges Auergesellschaft Process for detoxifying and rendering the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines odorless
FR1271173A (en) * 1960-07-27 1961-09-08 Device for cleaning hydrocarbon combustion residues and other products
US3717129A (en) * 1970-09-28 1973-02-20 Phillips Petroleum Co Method and apparatus for reducing engine exhaust pollutants
DE2210365C3 (en) * 1972-03-03 1975-07-03 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Catalyst for the conversion of higher hydrocarbons
IT989276B (en) * 1972-06-21 1975-05-20 Alterton T INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
US4341184A (en) * 1974-11-19 1982-07-27 Maria Temmerman Method and device avoiding the pollution of the atmosphere by noxious gases

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO141698B (en) 1980-01-14
ATA876075A (en) 1980-10-15
LU73821A1 (en) 1976-06-11
NL7513507A (en) 1976-05-21
NO753872L (en) 1976-05-20
NO141698C (en) 1980-04-23
IE43447L (en) 1976-05-19
AR208571A1 (en) 1977-02-15
DE2551350A1 (en) 1976-05-20
AU8673875A (en) 1977-05-26
IL48500A (en) 1979-07-25
CA1054468A (en) 1979-05-15
EG12030A (en) 1978-12-31
IL48500A0 (en) 1976-01-30
DE2551350C2 (en) 1991-07-25
DD122032A5 (en) 1976-09-12
MC1081A1 (en) 1976-08-06
DK520675A (en) 1976-05-20
JPS51101782A (en) 1976-09-08
DK148555B (en) 1985-08-05
AT362621B (en) 1981-06-10
PL105710B1 (en) 1979-10-31
DK148555C (en) 1986-07-28

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