WO2018178995A1

WO2018178995A1 - Vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology

Info

Publication number: WO2018178995A1
Application number: PCT/IN2017/050183
Authority: WO
Inventors: Parsottam Premjibhai PIPALIYA
Original assignee: Pipaliya Parsottam Premjibhai
Priority date: 2017-03-30
Filing date: 2017-05-17
Publication date: 2018-10-04

Abstract

The present invention relates to a vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology which is a modification that can be done in fuel pumps of diesel engines used on land, in water and in air throughout the world. This modification in fuel pumps increases the efficiency of the fuel pumps and controls pollution caused by these pumps by 25% ± 5%. It also reduces harmful emissions caused by the burning of fuel in these fuel pumps. Moreover the modification of the fuel pumps using this system is economical and highly effective.

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION:

Vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology

FIELD OF THE INVENTION:

The present invention relates to a pollution control system which controls vehicular pollution by using late and advanced diesel fuel technology which can be applied to all kinds of diesel engines available throughout the world.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:

Fuel injection is the injection of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automobile engines, by the means of an injector. All diesel engines use fuel injection by design. Diesel engines are very important in all kinds of vehicles including those moving on road, in air or on water. These engines have a good record of reliability, high fuel efficiency, high torque output, ease of repairing, inexpensive operation and extreme durability. Diesel engines commonly last for 15-20 years and can achieve a one million mile life. Moreover diesel has inherent fuel economy as compared to conventional spark-ignited, gasoline engines. Diesel powered vehicles show a 30-40 percent fuel economy advantage over their gasoline counterparts translating to about 20% reduction in C0₂ emissions. However, the major disadvantage of diesel engines is that they emit significant amounts of particulate matter and oxides of nitrogen into the atmosphere along with toxic air pollutants which adversely affect human health and contribute to acid rain, ground level ozone and reduced visibility. These emission cause lung damage, respiratory problems and may even cause cancer in human beings. Many companies have taken up the challenge to reduce air pollution from diesel engines and have developed many cost effective clean diesel technologies, to reduce harmful emissions. These technologies focus on advanced common rail fuel injection, electronic engine controls, combustion chamber modifications, air boosting, improved air/fuel mixing and reduced oil consumption. Moreover engine manufacturers are focusing on ways to control engine operation to reduce engine-out emissions as low as possible and reduce the burden on exhaust emission control systems. Few approaches are also aimed at cold-start emissions which involve retarding the ignition timing to allow some hydrocarbons to pass through in the exhaust and light off the catalyst sooner. Variable valve timing is also being used to introduce some fraction of exhaust gas into the combustion process and reduce HC and ΝΟχ emissions.

US Patent 5904042 describes a diesel exhaust conditioning system which removes harmful gaseous and particulate pollutants from the exhaust of a diesel engine, and also lowers the temperature of the emitted exhaust and of the shroud surrounding the pollution control components of the device. The system includes at least one combination catalytic converter and particulate filter, structured to operate at a sufficiently high temperature as to convert potentially harmful gaseous pollutants to innocuous substances, and which also collects and oxidizes carbon and hydrocarbon particles in the diesel exhaust to convert them to innocuous substances as well. The catalytic converter(s) is contained in an insulated canister for containing the heat generated by the catalytic reactions, with the insulation also serving to lower the outside temperature of the canister. A shroud is placed around the canister and other components, with an axial fan blowing ambient air between the canister and shroud to reduce the exterior temperature of the shroud to an acceptable level. The ambient air is mixed with the exhaust at the downstream end of the system, to lower the temperature of the exhaust gases to an acceptable level. The system is particularly well suited for use with diesel engines used in enclosed environments, such as the underground mining industry, but may be structured for use with diesel engines operating in other environments as well. A seamless, explosion proof shroud may also be used in environments where potential explosion hazards may exist, such as potentially explosive gases and dust in an underground mining environment.

US Patent Application 2005274104 discusses a pollution control apparatus in which an exhaust after treatment unit is fitted to the exhaust of an internal combustion engine and a fuel reformer provides hydrogen rich gas in an optimal way to the after treatment unit to regenerate the after treatment unit. It is preferred that the hydrogen rich gas be provided only to a portion of the after treatment unit at any time to regenerate that portion. Stored hydrogen may be used.

US Patent Application 2008314024 concerns a system for assisting regeneration of pollution management means (1) associated with oxidation catalyst forming means implementing an oxygen storage capacity (OSC) function, and integrated in an exhaust line (3) of a motor vehicle diesel engine (4), wherein the engine is associated with common ramp means (7) supplying fuel to the cylinders thereof ; The invention is characterized in that it comprises means (8) for determining the number of incomplete regeneration processes of the pollution management means and for comparing same to predetermined threshold values (10) to control the engine (4) in a first lean mixture regeneration operating mode (11) for a number less than the threshold values or in a second regeneration operating mode of engine operation sequences alternating rich mixture and lean mixture operating phases (12) for a number greater than the threshold values. US Patent Application 2009263296 refers to a catalyst with bioreactor for combustion engines which is a damper or muffler collector for the exhaust of Diesel, gas, alcohol, natural gas vehicles' engines, and any other liquid fuel or fuel gas which may be used in internal combustion engines; it may be used for vehicle or stationary engines. Dampers or mufflers are currently used for engine exhaust of conventional construction, for the reduction of noise levels within parameters predefined by the legislation. Further, conventional catalysts are also used to hold back some pollutants. The former have an effect on noise pollution only and the latter partially reduce environmental pollution levels. It comprises a box (1) with an inlet opening (4) and an outlet opening (6) for the combustion gases, inner divisions (8), (10) and (11) and admission holes (9) which direct the gases into the operating chambers (13) and (14), with electrodes (15) and (16) where chemical reactions and filtering of pollution elements occur, therefore reducing Carbon Dioxide emissions. This system shows efficiency in reducing the exhaust noise levels and is a multifunctional device for pollution control, offering a variety of applications, constituting the adequate medium to create solutions in water, with different chemical products, providing the development of products, reagents and formulas to neutralize pollution and its effects, using water as a major element.

WO 2005069801 relates to a fuel saving and pollution emission reduction system (10) that utilizes an air ionizer (58) that is easily attached inline between a vehicle air-intake hose (106) and a fuel infection throttle body ( 108) or a carburetor air-intake structure (110), The air ionizer, which functions with either gasoline or diesel fuel engines is operated by an electronic ionizer control unit (12). The unit (12) is located within the confines of the vehicle's engine compartment and, is operated by a 12-volt d-c power source (104) derived from the vehicle's battery (102). When air from the vehicle air-intake hose (106) passes through the air ionizer (12) the air is ionised and is mixed with the non-ionised air to produce an oxygen-enriched fuel-air mixture. The oxygen-enriched mixture allows a fuel saving and produces a cleaner burning fuel which reduces hydro-carbon exhaust emission levels.

WO 2017019112 provides a diesel pollution control system which includes a PCV valve and an oil filter positioned together in a canister. An open/closed state of the PCV is regulated by a controller, preferably wirelessly, responsive to sensed blow-by conditions, including pressure, temperature, composition, and/or flow rate. The controller also wirelessly receives measurements from an in-line blow-by gas sensor for regulating the PCV valve. The oil filter cleans particulate matter out of the blow-by gas, and condenses oil to return to the engine. The controller regulates the amount of blow-by gas vented through the system

CA 2785984 relates to an auto engine effective unit which is a special designed apparatus that generating hydrogen-oxygen from pure water and guide said hydrogen-oxygen into the Auto Engine for combustion and explosion together with injected gasoline and achieve the results of saving 27% of energy( gas, or diesel)and reducing pollution ( 80% of harmful carbon monoxide and others) from the exhaust. This apparatus includes a Reactor that generating hydrogen-oxygen using pure water, and a water reservoir and a electrical control circuit, and through plastic hose system guiding said hydrogen-oxygen into the engine. Auto Engine Effective Unit can be used in every kind of engines of the vehicles (vessel, even airplane), and no need any change on the engine.

EP 2642105 gives a method for operating a diesel engine including pollution-control systems which involves modifying adjustment of operation of an internal combustion engine i.e. diesel engine, in a periodic manner according to a compromise resulting from a combination of three modes of operation. A respective weight is calculated with regard to a predetermined target evolution. Another respective weight is calculated according to information on electricity consumption by a carburizing engine. An adjustment operation is performed for the engine with regard to a barycenter (2) of respective weights.

FR 2981983 describes a device for controlling pollution of exhaust gas to exhaust line of diesel engine of vehicle, has recirculation pipe extending from inlet to output upstream to pollution control unit for heating exhaust gas passing via pollution control unit wherein the device (10) has a particle filter (20) connected to a heating device ( 18) to regenerate the particle filter. A control device (48) controls the heating device for heating exhaust gas. A recirculation pipe (40) extends from an inlet (42) to an output (44) that is connected to an exhaust line (14) upstream to a pollution control unit (16) for heating the exhaust gas passing through the pollution control unit. An oxidation catalyst type pollution control unit (22) is arranged on the exhaust line for reducing carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons of the exhaust gas.

JP 2010133337 gives a dual fuel diesel engine capable of, by electrically controlling supply amounts of a light oil and a natural gas, controlling the supply amount of the natural gas to an arbitrary amount, reducing pollution by achieving reduction in graphite in an exhaust gas, and traveling fuel efficiently. The dual fuel diesel engine 1 including a liquid fuel supply line 30 for supplying the light oil to a diesel engine 2 and a natural gas supply line 10 for supplying the natural gas to the diesel engine 2, includes an engine control unit 40 for electrically controlling the supply amounts of the light oil and the natural gas in the engine.

JP 2013011265 provides a combined injection nozzle technique and control ignition combustion procedure for combustion injection type internal combustion engine which solves problems with the heat efficiency of a gas engine and gasoline engine, the reduction of pollution caused by an exhaust gas, and soot and dust discharged from a direct injection diesel engine, by improving a mixing and vaporizing condition in which fuel and air are mixed and a control ignition condition in an internal combustion engine. A fuel premixing gas group for accelerating the mixing and vaporizing action of a fuel group is structured by the directivity of the fuel injection direction of the internal combustion engine and the consistency of a combined nozzle injection group with a combustion volume part to suppress the end gas knocking phenomenon and thereby to increase a compression ratio and reduce the pollution. A combustion technique capable of solving the problems with the saving of more energy in the internal combustion engine, and PM carbonized soot and dust, and NOx related to the direct injection diesel engine is provided to improve the heat efficiency of the gas engine or gasoline engine and reduce the pollution caused by the exhaust gas with a high compression ratio combustion means by constructing the ignition condition in which the center region of the combustion volume part is controlled to be a start point of the combustion reaction by using a means for capable of being controlled to be ignited at the center region of a piston surface to uniform and reduce the combustion reaction period.

JP 2016079968 relates to EFI internal combustion engine fuel fine formation injection nozzle technology which clarifies characteristics and disadvantages of an internal combustion engine fuel hole nozzle required for performing a combustion of EFI jump spark ignition type internal combustion engine, diminish them and to develop the internal combustion engine capable of using various kinds of fuel through energy saving low pollution combustion technology based on a new fuel fine formation clearance nozzle. This invention aims at a formation of complete combustion technology for EFI internal combustion engine or a direct injection Diesel engine, at first eliminates a hole nozzle injection system, employs jump spark ignition system, accomplishes a complete combustion under a configuration of a fine clearance multi-stage nozzle, also eliminates fine hole injection flow injection system with the prior art EFI to constitute combustion condition with a mixing condition between fuel injection and air at the fine clearance injection nozzle. An effect of this multi-stage fine clearance injection nozzle is tremendous, its manufacturing cost is less-expensive and a problem of fuel injection timing or volume distribution problem found in an electronic fuel control technology can be easily resolve by the existing technology. It becomes possible to perform treatment of catching of C02 through complete combustion technology of this internal combustion engine.

RU 2372501 discloses a diesel engine with air activator which includes cylinder block with pistons, crank-and-rod mechanism located in the casing and connected by means of rods to pistons, drive mechanism of auxiliaries, and feeding, air treatment, cooling, lubricating, start and control systems. Air path of the engine includes activation chamber the inlet connection whereof is pneumatically connected to outlet connection of air filter. Outlet connection of the above chamber is pneumatically connected to inlet connection of air pump, the outlet connection whereof is connected to scavenging ports of cylinders. Activation chamber is a cylindrical housing closed with upper and lower covers, and inside which an insulating sleeve is installed. Inside that sleeve there installed is the second insulating sleeve with side holes in which metal pins located in several rows in vertical and horizontal planes are installed perpendicular to longitudinal axis of cylindrical housing. High-voltage device housing is bolted to cylindrical housing of activation chamber. Inside that device there arranged is dc-to-ac current converter with voltage increase, inlet terminals of which are connected through the switch to storage battery; high-voltage cascade generator the inlet of which is electrically connected to outlet terminals of dc-to-ac current converter, and outlet of high- voltage cascade generator is connected through high-voltage terminals of activation chamber to pins so that a pin with an opposite charge sign is opposed to each pin with one charge sign in longitudinal and cross directions. The effect is achieved by preventing, under influence of continuous electrical discharges in activation chamber, atomic oxygen of air to ozone (03) and molecular oxygen (02), which considerably increases its chemical activity and interaction with fuel. Thus more complete fuel combustion, fuel economy, power increase and decrease of air pollution is achieved.

TWM 529617 relates to a high efficiency transmission structure of a low hybrid power system, which includes: a transmission shaft unit which includes a first transmission shaft and a second transmission shaft which can be engaged with or disengaged from each other; a gearbox disposed between the first and second transmission shafts to control the connection or disconnection of the first and second transmission shafts; a diesel/gasoline engine connected to the gearbox to produce a power for rotating the transmission shaft unit; and an electric motor of 12-60 volts which is connected to the second transmission shaft to generate a power for rotating the second transmission shaft. By such arrangements, the torque or speed of the low power system can be increased, while fuel consumption and exhaust pollution are reduced.

CN 103759778 provides a fuel-efficient and environment-friendly fuel consumption meter comprising a flow measurement instrument and a closed fuel storage tank. A fuel inlet, a fuel return port and a fuel outlet are arranged on the wall of the fuel storage tank, the outlet of the flow measurement instrument is connected with the fuel inlet, and multiple sets of fuel-efficient chips are arranged inside the fuel storage tank. The fuel- efficient and environment-friendly fuel consumption meter has the advantages that combustion efficiency of diesel can be improved, and fuel consumption of an engine is further lowered; fuel oil can be fully combusted, performance of the engine can be improved, deposited carbon of the engine can be cleaned up, the engine can be protected, and power of the engine can be improved; exhaust emissions of the engine can be reduced, and environmental pollution can be reduced; the fuel-efficient and environment-friendly fuel consumption meter is simple in structure, convenient to maintain, low in processing cost, high in fuel efficiency and the like.

CN 105201662 discloses an intelligent start/stop control device for a diesel engine for a commercial vehicle. The device comprises an intelligent start/stop controller, a human-machine interface for enabling an intelligent start/stop function and displaying start/stop states, a driver signal input module for inputting vehicle signals related to driver operation to the intelligent start/stop controller, a vehicle state signal input module for inputting vehicle running state signals to the intelligent start/stop controller and an automatic start/stop executing mechanism for starting/stopping the diesel engine according to control signals output by the intelligent start/stop controller. The intelligent start/stop controller outputs start/stop control signals according to signals input by the human-machine interface, the driver signal input module and the vehicle state signal input module so as to control the automatic start/stop executing mechanism to start/stop the diesel engine. The device is simple in structure and low in cost, does not change the commercial vehicle greatly, has the obvious diesel saving effect, can be easily popularized in the field of commercial vehicles in a short term, and can save diesel and reduce vehicle pollution discharge under urban working conditions.

CN 204419420 provides an engine servo device mixing two kinds of fuel oil in a forced mode. The engine servo device comprises a diesel oil filter, an oil pump assembly, a large oil delivery pump, a small oil delivery pump and an oil cylinder. The oil cylinder is provided with a first fuel oil input port and a second fuel oil input port which penetrate through the oil cylinder. The oil cylinder is provided with a first oil input port, a second oil input port, a third oil input port, a fourth oil input port, a first oil output port, a second oil output port, a third oil output port and a fourth oil output port. A shaft valve is arranged in the oil cylinder and provided with a first oil delivery tank, a second oil delivery tank, a third oil delivery tank and a fourth oil delivery tank. A shaft valve control system is arranged in the oil cylinder and used for controlling rotation of the shaft valve so that the different oil delivery tanks can be opened. By opening the different oil delivery tanks, the flowing direction of oil in the oil cylinder can be changed, so that diesel oil and gasoline are mixed for use; input of the two kinds of the oil can be controlled according to the oil quantity in the oil cylinder. The engine servo device is simple in structure, the two kinds of the fuel oil can be mixed for use, the fuel efficiency is improved, pollution is reduced, and the cost is reduced; the servo service can be directly connected with an engine through bolts, and maintenance is convenient.

CN 205089462 discloses a diesel engine oil measures control system based on automatically controlled monoblock pump, which includes the signal input device, input device and control module are connected, and control module and feedback module are connected, and control module and actuating mechanism are connected, and input device includes initial oil spout signal input module and oil spout signal input module, the utility model provides the high economic nature of diesel engine has reduced the emission, has reduced the pollution, has improved the reliability of engine, realize carrying out the high accuracy control of reality to the diesel engine operating condition, the utility model discloses still has stronger suitability and adaptability.

Although a number of pollution control technologies for diesel engines are available in the prior art, according to them many modifications need to be done in the existing engines which is a huge task and proves to be costly. Most of these technologies show poor efficiency in controlling pollution and emissions. Moreover, modifications done to the engine aren't always successful and cause failure of the engine once the fuel is completely exhausted. So a new system for controlling vehicular pollution, which can be used for modification of all kinds of fuel injection pumps, reduces pollution and emission considerably and is economical, is the need of the day. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION:

The main object of the invention is to provide for a vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology which causes increased fuel efficiency and reduces pollution by 25% + 5%.

Another object of the invention is to provide for a vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology which modifies the plunger element to reduce the environmental pollution.

Still another object of the invention is to provide for a vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology which can be used in all kinds of diesel engines used on land, air or water throughout the world.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide for a vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology which is economical.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:

The present invention is a vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology which increases the fuel efficiency and controls the vehicular pollution by 25% + 5%. This system decreases the emission of brie gases using the principle of accurate fuel supply and complete combustion mechanism. This is achieved by modifying the plunger element present in all kinds of available diesel engines throughout the world. Due to this modification, the excess fuel supplied to the engine, returns to the fuel tank by the auxiliary passage circuit, thereby saving fuel and reducing pollution along with reduction of carbon monoxide and COx emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 gives the design of the presently available fuel injection pump.

Fig. 2 gives the design of the modified fuel injection pump.

Fig. 3 gives design of the plunger positions at different speeds and loads DETAILED DESCRIPTION:

The nature of the invention and the manner in which it is performed is clearly described in the specification. The invention has various components and they are clearly described in the detailed description.

The performance of diesel engines is heavily influenced by their injection system design due to which superior fuel injection system designs have been developed. The main purpose of such system designs is to deliver fuel to the cylinders of diesel engine providing optimum engine performance, minimal emissions and noise. Diesel fuel injection system delivers fuel under extremely high injection pressures. So the component designs and materials of such systems are selected to withstand higher stresses in order to perform for extended durations that match the engine's durability targets. Moreover greater manufacturing precision and tight tolerances are required for the system to function efficiently. Such diesel engines are very costly due to the expensive materials and manufacturing costs. The main purpose of fuel injection systems is to deliver fuel into the cylinders of an engine such that it is used effectively. For that, injection timing must be controlled and injection metering (amount of fuel) must be controlled. Other critical aspects which ensure proper fuel injection system performance include fuel atomization, bulk mixing, air utilization. Fuel injection systems are mainly of one among the following two component types:

• Low pressure side components: which reliably and safely deliver fuel from the tank to the fuel injection system and mainly include the fuel tank, fuel supply pump and the fuel filter.

• High pressure side components: which create high pressures, meter and deliver the fuel to the combustion chamber and mainly include high pressure pump, fuel injector, fuel injector nozzle and sometimes an accumulator.

Jerk pumps are fuel injection pumps in an engine which impulsively supplies an accurately metered amount of fuel to the nozzle at the time of the opening of the inlet valve. It is an important part of the fuel feed system and is commonly used in all kinds of diesel engines worldwide like in Layland, Mercedes, Perkins etc. These jerk pumps are identified on the basis of their company's names like C.A.V. jerk pump (American), BOCH (Bosch jerk pump), MICO jerk pump (India), MOTOR PAL jerk pump (India) etc. These pumps achieve speed through the engines' extra drive. This speed is achieved by Idle gear or chain drive of the engine's timing gear cover and also by the valve shaft of the engine. Jerk pumps are of two types:

· P.F. Type jerk pump: These type of pumps are made by mounting the pump's flange on the engine's body and are mainly used in engines having a single cylinder. The engine's valve shaft is used for the working of these pumps. • P.E. Type jerk pump: These pumps are used in multi-cylinder engines. In such pumps, a small camshaft is provided which is known as pump shaft. On this pump shaft, depending on the number of cylinders in the engine and the firing order, cam lobes are made. This pump does the following work in the engine:

1. Due to high pressure, it creates pressure in the fuel oil and then sends it to the engine.

2. It sends the fuel oil in every cylinder at proper time according to the firing order.

3. At every speed and load of the engine, i.e. on demand of the engine, it measures the quantity of fuel oil and sends it to the engine. A governor is fitted with the pump for procuring the required quantity of fuel oil at every speed and load.

This fuel technology is used in the following fuel pumps:

• In-line fuel injection pump

• Individual fuel injection pump

• Jerk type fuel pump

The working of the above mentioned pumps is similar. These pumps consist of two parts namely injector nozzle and injector pump. To provide the required quantity of fuel at high pressure at regular time intervals in the combustion area, this pump needs to build pressure very fast. It seems that every time the pump is providing fuel with a jerk. So it is known as jerk type fuel pump. As this is a fixed stroke pump, the quantity of oil coming from the gallery over the plunger is sprayed in the combustion area and the plunger moves up accordingly. Helicals are present in the plunger to maintain the required amount of diesel oil depending on the increasing and decreasing speed of the engine.

Figure 1 shows the currently available design of the fuel injection pump used in the diesel engines manufactured by all companies. The components include plunger element of variable sizes having different length, breadth, height and inner-outer diameter, measured in mm or any other unit. They work according to the currently available principles and technologies. This kind of plunger is used in all single cylinder and multi cylinder fuel pumps.

The present invention is a vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology which increases the fuel efficiency of the vehicle and controls the pollution caused by the vehicle by 25% + 5%. This pollution control system can be used in all kinds of diesel engines used on land, in air or in water vehicles, throughout the world. The technology used in the system decreases the emission of brie gases by the principle of accurate fuel supply and complete combustion mechanism. This technology is applicable over each and every crude oil fuel pump like gasoline, petrol, diesel, kerosene etc. The output of this technology is high efficiency with pollution decrement.

In this system, the critical part of the fuel pump, namely the plunger element, is modified to reduce the pollution. Fig. 2 gives the design of the modified fuel injection pump of the present invention. As shown in the figure, there are two parts of the fuel pump namely barrel (B) and plunger (C).

Barrel (B): Generally the barrel is a cylindrical or top shaped body which has 1 or 2 inlet ports. It is made from the good quality seal by hardening the material. Barrel is provided with a bore (hole) in which the plunger can be fitted. The plunger's and barrel's in between clearance is maximum 0.0005 inches and 12.7 micron + 0.5 micron.

Plunger (C): It is made by hardening the material and grinding it with high accuracy. It can be tempered after hardening. At the top of the plunger and in the side of the plunger there is a hole, which is a vertical slot. The (E) part depicted in the figure is the helix. It is also known as helical or control edge. There is a hole in the plunger which is the moving or reciprocating surface. This is known as Annular Groove (H).

In both figures, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the different parts of the fuel injection pump are as follows:

A - Fuel inlet passage

B - Barrel

C - Plunger

D - Right and Helical type plunger vertical slot

E - Right and Helical type Plunger Helical Edge or Control Edge

F - Left and Helical type plunger vertical slot

G - Left and Helical type Plunger Helical Edge or Control Edge

H - Plunger Annular Groove or Lubricant cavity

Fig.2 shows the design of the modified fuel injection pump of the present invention which displays an extra part, the Auxiliary Passage Circuit (O).

Auxiliary Passage (Circuit) (O): This is the most important part of the modified fuel injection pump of the present invention. When plunger is in downward stroke, then its suction occurs from inlet port. The barrel gets completely filled with fuel and it gives pressure during upward stroke as it rises. So, maximum pressure can be obtained when the inlet port is completely closed. When the injector pressure is comparatively less as compared with Barrel pressure, the fuel reaches the combustion chamber by Automizer spray. It continuous spraying until the Control Edge is in front of Barrel. At this time, it passes 25% + 5% of diesel back to Helical passage by the Vertical Slot and the Control Edge which finally goes back to the fuel tank. The return of this excess fuel by the Auxiliary passage, saves fuel and reduces emissions of carbon monoxide and COx.

The hydrocarbon in diesel contains 14% to 20% of carbon. Diesel has specific Calorific Value of 45000 Joules. The cycle of saving work is 1/12000 per second rate. 14 - 20% of carbon in diesel is responsible for pollution causing emissions like COx, SOx, ΝΟχ etc. So as the fuel requirement decreases, it decreases the diesel consumption and simultaneously decreases the pollution caused by the same.

The Auxiliary Circuit can work at Idle speed, Medium speed as well as High speed. The dimensions of the element including the plunger and barrel are applicable over 1mm to 50 mm, 100 mm, 500 mm 1000 mm mm (0.0394 inch to inch). Auxiliary circuit means for

0 to 1 mm dimension, the tolerance will be 0.0254 mm + 0.0127 mm (0.001 inch ^0.0005 inch). This is the Auxiliary Circuit dimension per unit scale.

Fig. 3 gives the design of the plunger positions at different speeds and loads i.e. it shows the plunger projections. In any 4 stroke diesel engine, the fuel supplied is according to speed and load. The plunger element controls the fuel supply rate. The different positions of the plunger are shown in Fig. 3 and labeled from 1 to 6 positions. The description of these positions is given below:

Position 1: Bottom of the stroke: As shown in the Position 1 of Fig. 3, when the plunger is in Bottom dead centre, the Barrel is completely filled with the fuel.

Position 2: Spill cut of port closure: As shown in Position 2 of Fig. 3, the barrel is filled with fuel in downward stroke. So during the upward stroke, it releases the fuel from inlet port until it gets closed by Plunger metal. At this time the plunger port closes completely. This position is known as Spill cut of port closure or Commencement of Injection. Position 3: Cut-off Injection Stop: As shown in Position 3 of Fig. 3, the plunger is moving towards TDC, while the Control Edge comes adjacent with Inlet port. At this time only, the pressure drops due to the Plunger Cut off position.

Position 4: High speed Full load: As shown in Position 4 of Fig. 3, at high speed, with the help of Governor connected with plunger, it comes to that position where the Control Edge becomes adjacent with Inlet port timing delay. Therefore it prolongs the Injection timing.

Position 5: Medium speed position: As shown in Position 5 of Fig. 3, the medium speed position is similar to the high speed full load position. The difference is in Control Edge and Inlet port adjacent position timing. This position is between cut off and high speed positions.

Position 6: Stop position: As shown in Position 6 of Fig. 3, the Vertical Slot becomes purely adjacent with the Control Edge. It drops the pressure to far extend and so it is known as Stop position.

The inline fuel pumps presently used in all kinds of diesel vehicles cause alarming levels of pollution and harmful emissions. Strict guidelines have been issued by the Government to reduce these harmful levels of pollution and emissions according to which the currently used engines would become non-usable in a couple of years time. Modification of these engines to control pollution and reduce emissions is a costly affair and the reliability of such modified engines is also very low.

The system of the present invention is highly advantageous as it controls pollution and decreases emissions caused by fuel injection systems of four stroke engines of all kinds of vehicles moving on land, water or air throughout the world. This system can be applied to the currently used fuel pumps in all kinds of vehicles. The plunger element of the inline fuel pumps currently used is modified such that it controls the vehicular pollution by 25% + 5% and reduces the emissions of brie gases. It also displays highest efficiency in fuel utilization. Apart from the Inline fuel pumps, the Rotary distribution fuel pump requires large initial cost. Such pumps can be replaced by the modified fuel injection pumps of the present invention. This modified Inline fuel pump technology can be used in all kinds of vehicles like tractor, bus, truck, submarine, luxury vehicles, generators and various diesel engines utilized over different applications. The initial cost of modifying the presently available inline fuel pumps using the system of the present invention is very low and highly efficient as compared to other fuel injection technologies. Moreover the modified inline injection type fuel pump using the system of the present invention overcomes the problem of failure of the fuel pump once the diesel is completely exhausted, which is common in fuel pumps modified by the currently available technologies. This makes the invention very advantageous.

Although the preferred embodiment as well as the construction and use have been specifically described, it should be understood that variations in the preferred embodiment could be achieved by a person skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. The invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments which are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

Claims

I claim,

1. Vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology which has a modified plunger in the fuel injection pump in which an auxiliary passage circuit is present which passes the excess fuel back to the fuel tank thereby saving fuel, controlling pollution and reducing harmful emissions.

2. The vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology as claimed in claim 1 wherein the steps of working of the modified fuel injection pump are as follows:

(i) suction of the fuel occurs from the inlet port when the plunger is in downward stroke;

(ii) complete filling of the barrel with the fuel produces pressure during upward stroke;

(iii) maximum pressure is obtained when the inlet port is completely closed;

(iv) injector pressure being less than the barrel pressure, the fuel reaches the combustion chamber by automizer spray;

(v) spraying of fuel is continuous until the control edge is in front of the barrel;

(vi) 25% + 5% fuel, which is in excess, is passed back to the helical passage through the vertical slot and the control edge, which forms the auxiliary passage circuit; and

(vii) excess fuel reaches back into the fuel tank.

3. The vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology as claimed in claim 2 wherein the auxiliary passage circuit can work at idle speed, medium speed as well as high speed effectively.

4. The vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology as claimed in claim 2 wherein no excess fuel remains in the combustion chamber which are

1 the major causes of pollution and harmful emissions thereby reducing pollution and emission by 25% + 5%.

5. The vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology as claimed in claim 1 wherein the main parts of the fuel injection system namely the plunger and barrel are made from good quality seal by hardening the material and grinding it with high accuracy.

6. The vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology as claimed in claim 1 wherein the modification made in the plunger can be done in all fuel injection systems of each and every fuel injection pump used on land, in water or in air, throughout the world.

7. The vehicular pollution control system using late and advanced diesel fuel technology substantially herein described with reference to the foregoing description and drawings.