CN103460445A - 包含离子交换器的电化学电池 - Google Patents
包含离子交换器的电化学电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103460445A CN103460445A CN2012800149195A CN201280014919A CN103460445A CN 103460445 A CN103460445 A CN 103460445A CN 2012800149195 A CN2012800149195 A CN 2012800149195A CN 201280014919 A CN201280014919 A CN 201280014919A CN 103460445 A CN103460445 A CN 103460445A
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- electrochemical cell
- transition metal
- anode
- manganese
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电化学电池,其包含:(A)至少一个阴极,其包含至少一种包含锰作为过渡金属的含锂离子的过渡金属氧化物;(B)至少一个阳极;和(C)至少一个层,其包含:(a)至少一种呈颗粒形式的离子交换器;(b)至少一种粘合剂。
Description
本发明涉及电化学电池,其包含:
(A)至少一个阴极,其包含至少一种包含锰作为过渡金属的含锂离子的过渡金属氧化物;
(B)至少一个阳极;和
(C)至少一个层,其包含:
(a)至少一种呈颗粒形式的离子交换器;
(b)至少一种粘合剂。
本发明还涉及本发明电化学电池的用途。
长久以来,能量储存已成为日益受关注的主题。电化学电池(例如电池组或蓄电池)可用于储存电能。近来,所谓的锂离子电池组已引起特定关注。其在若干技术方面上均优于已知电池组。例如,其可用于产生无法利用基于水性电解质的电池组获得的电压。
用于制备电极的材料,尤其是用于制备阴极的材料在这种情况下发挥重要作用。
在许多情况下,使用含锂的混合过渡金属氧化物,尤其是具有层结构的含锂的镍-钴-锰氧化物或可经一种或多种过渡金属掺杂的含锰尖晶石。然而,许多电池组依然存在循环稳定性问题,这仍然需要改进。具体而言,在那些包含相当高比例的锰的电池组的情况下,例如在具有含锰尖晶石电极和石墨阳极的电化学电池的情况下,在相对短的时间内经常观察到容量的严重损失。此外,在选择石墨阳极作为对电极的情况下,可在该阳极上检测到元素锰的沉积。
WO2009/033627公开一种可用作锂离子电池组的隔离物的层。其包含无纺布和嵌入该无纺布内的颗粒,由有机聚合物组成,且可通过压延变平。这些隔离物可避免由金属树枝状晶体所形成的短路。然而,WO2009/033627并未公开长期循环实验。
因此,本发明目的为提供具有改进寿命且即使在若干次循环之后仍在其中观察不到元素锰的沉积的电池。
因此,已发现在开头所定义的电化学电池。
本发明的电化学电池包含:
(A)至少一个阴极(还简称为阴极(A)),其包含至少一种包含锰作为过渡金属的含锂离子的过渡金属氧化物。
就本发明而言,含锂离子的过渡金属氧化物应理解为不仅意指那些具有至少一种呈阳离子形式的过渡金属的氧化物,而且还意指那些具有至少两种呈阳离子形式的过渡金属的氧化物。此外,就本发明而言,术语“含锂离子的过渡金属氧化物”还包括除锂以外还包含至少一种呈阳离子形式的非过渡金属(例如铝或钙)的那些化合物。
锰可以+4的形式氧化态(formalen oxidation stufe)存在于阴极(A)中。阴极(A)中的锰优选以+3.5至+4的形式氧化态存在。
许多元素普遍存在。例如,在基本所有无机材料中均可检测出某些非常小的比例的钠、钾和氯化物。就本发明而言,忽略比例小于0.1重量%的阳离子或阴离子。因此,就本发明而言,包含小于0.1重量%钠的任何含锂离子的混合过渡金属氧化物被认为不含钠。相应地,就本发明而言,包含小于0.1重量%硫酸根离子的任何含锂离子的混合过渡金属氧化物被认为不含硫酸根。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,含锂离子的过渡金属氧化物为不仅包含锰而且还包含至少一种其他过渡金属的混合过渡金属氧化物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,含锂的过渡金属氧化物选自含锰的锂离子磷酸盐,优选选自含锰尖晶石和具有层结构的含锰的混合过渡金属氧化物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,含锂的过渡金属氧化物选自具有超化学计量比例的锂的那些混合氧化物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,含锰尖晶石选自通式(I)的那些:
LiaM1 bMn3-a-bO4-d (I)
其中各变量如下所定义:
0.9≤a≤1.3,优选为0.95≤a≤1.15;
0≤b≤0.6,例如0.0或0.5,其中若所选择的M1=Ni,则优选0.4≤b≤0.55;
-0.1≤d≤0.4,优选0≤d≤0.1。
M1选自一种或多种元素,其选自Al、Mg、Ca、Na、B、Mo、W和元素周期表的第一周期(ersten periode)的过渡金属。M1优选选自Ni、Co、Cr、Zn、Al,M1最优选为Ni。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,含锰尖晶石选自式LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-d和LiMn2O4的那些。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,具有层结构的含锰的过渡金属氧化物选自式(II)的那些:
Li1+tM2 1-tO2
其中各变量如下所定义:
0≤t≤0.3;和
M2选自Al、Mg、B、Mo、W、Na、Ca和元素周期表的第一周期的过渡金属,其中至少一种过渡金属为锰。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于M2总含量为至少30摩尔%(优选至少35摩尔%)的M2选自锰。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,M2选自Ni、Co和Mn的组合,其不包含显著量的任何其他元素。
在另一实施方案中,M2选自Ni、Co和Mn的组合,其包含至少一种显著量的其他元素,例如1-10摩尔%的Al、Ca或Na。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,具有层结构的含锰的过渡金属氧化物选自其中M2选自Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33、Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3、Ni0.4Co0.3Mn0.4、Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4和Ni0.45Co0.10Mn0.45的那些。
在一个实施方案中,含锂的过渡金属氧化物呈聚结成球形二级颗粒的初级颗粒形式,其中初级颗粒的平均粒径(D50)为50nm至2μm,且二级颗粒的平均粒径(D50)为2μm至50μm。
阴极(A)可包含一种或多种其他组分。例如,阴极(A)可包含导电性多晶型碳,其选自(例如)石墨、碳黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯或至少两种上述物质的混合物。
此外,阴极(A)可包含一种或多种粘合剂,例如一种或多种有机聚合物。合适的粘合剂为(例如)有机(共)聚合物。合适的(共)聚合物(即均聚物或共聚物)可选自(例如)可通过阴离子、催化或自由基(共)聚合获得的(共)聚合物,尤其是选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚丁二烯、聚苯乙烯,和至少两种选自乙烯、丙烯、苯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯腈和1,3-丁二烯的共聚单体的共聚物(尤其是苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物)。合适的还有聚丙烯。此外,聚异戊二烯和聚丙烯酸酯是合适的。特别优选聚丙烯腈。
就本发明而言,聚丙烯腈应理解为不仅意指聚丙烯腈均聚物,而且还意指丙烯腈与1,3-丁二烯或苯乙烯的共聚物。优选聚丙烯腈均聚物。
就本发明而言,聚乙烯应理解为不仅意指均聚乙烯,而且还意指包含至少50摩尔%呈共聚形式的乙烯和至多50摩尔%的至少一种其他共聚单体的乙烯共聚物,该共聚单体为(例如)α-烯烃(例如丙烯、丁烯(1-丁烯)、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯、1-戊烯以及异丁烯)、乙烯基芳族化合物(例如苯乙烯)和(甲基)丙烯酸、乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸的C1-C10烷基酯(尤其为丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯)以及马来酸、马来酸酐和衣康酸酐。聚乙烯可为HDPE或LDPE。
就本发明而言,聚丙烯应理解为不仅意指均聚丙烯,而且还意指包含至少50摩尔%呈共聚形式的丙烯和至多50摩尔%的至少一种其他共聚单体的丙烯共聚物,该共聚单体为(例如)乙烯和α-烯烃如丁烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯和1-戊烯。聚丙烯优选等规立构或基本等规立构聚丙烯。
在本发明的上下文中,聚苯乙烯应理解为不仅意指苯乙烯均聚物,而且还意指苯乙烯与丙烯腈、1,3-丁二烯、(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸的C1-C10烷基酯、二乙烯基苯(尤其为1,3-二乙烯基苯)、1,2-二苯基乙烯和α-甲基苯乙烯的共聚物。
另一优选的粘合剂为聚丁二烯。
其他合适的粘合剂选自聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、聚酰亚胺和聚乙烯醇。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,粘合剂选自具有50 000至1 000 000g/mol(优选至500 000g/mol)的平均分子量Mw的那些(共)聚合物。
粘合剂可为交联或未交联(共)聚合物。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案中,粘合剂选自卤化(共)聚合物,尤其是氟化(共)聚合物。卤化或氟化(共)聚合物应理解为意指那些包含呈共聚形式的至少一种每分子具有至少一个卤原子或至少一个氟原子(优选每分子具有至少两个卤原子或至少两个氟原子)的(共)单体的(共)聚合物。
实例为聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVdF)、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(PVdF-HFP)、偏二氟乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、偏二氟乙烯-一氯三氟乙烯共聚物和乙烯-氯氟乙烯共聚物。
合适的粘合剂尤其是聚乙烯醇和卤化(共)聚合物,例如聚氯乙烯或聚偏二氯乙烯,尤其是氟化(共)聚合物,如聚氟乙烯和尤其聚偏二氟乙烯和聚四氟乙烯。
此外,阴极(A)可包括其他本身常规的组分,例如可构造成金属线、金属栅、金属网、网形铁、金属片或金属箔形式的输出导体。合适的金属箔尤其是铝箔。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,阴极(A)基于无输出导体时的厚度具有25-200μm,优选30-100μm的厚度。
本发明电化学电池此外包含至少一个阳极(B)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,阳极(B)可选自由碳组成的阳极和包含Sn或Si的阳极。由碳组成的阳极可选自(例如)硬碳、软碳、石墨烯、石墨,尤其是石墨、插层石墨和两种或更多种上述碳的混合物。包含Sn或Si的阳极可选自(例如)纳米颗粒状Si或Sn粉末、Si或Sn纤维、碳-Si或碳-Sn复合材料、和Si-金属或Sn-金属合金。
阳极(B)可具有一种或多种粘合剂。该粘合剂可选自上述粘合剂中的一种或多种。
此外,阳极(B)可具有其他本身常规的组分,例如可构造成金属线、金属栅、金属网、网形铁、或金属箔或金属片形式的输出导体。合适的金属箔尤其是铜箔。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,阳极(B)基于无输出导体时的厚度具有15-200μm,优选30-100μm的厚度。
本发明的电化学电池此外包含:
(C)至少一个层,其还简称为层(C),且包含:
(a)至少一种呈颗粒形式的离子交换器,其还简称为离子交换器(a);和
(b)至少一种粘合剂,其还简称为粘合剂(b)。
离子交换器(a)本身是已知的。就本发明而言,离子交换器可具有0.1-50μm,优选1-10μm的平均粒径。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,呈颗粒形式的离子交换器选自活性基团为阴离子基团(例如磺酸基或羧酸基)的阳离子合成树脂离子交换器(例如聚苯乙烯合成树脂或聚丙烯酸酯),而且还选自分子筛、沸石和含锂分子筛。
可以成型体形式(例如珠粒或杆形式,或粉末形式)使用离子交换器。优选呈成型体(例如特别是粉末)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,使用阳离子交换器。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,离子交换器选自至少部分锂化的离子交换器或至少部分锂化的分子筛。至少部分锂化的离子交换器或至少部分锂化的分子筛应理解为意指以Li+非常充分地置换H+和/或Na+或K+的那些阳离子交换器。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,粘合剂(b)选自如对用于阴极(A)的粘合剂所描述的那些粘合剂。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,粘合剂(b)选自聚乙烯醇、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、聚丙烯腈、羧甲基纤维素和氟化(共)聚合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,粘合剂(b)和用于阳极和阴极的粘合剂(若存在)各自相同。
在另一实施方案中,粘合剂(b)与用于阴极(A)的粘合剂和/或用于阳极(B)的粘合剂不同,或用于阳极(B)的粘合剂与用于阴极(A)的粘合剂不同。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,层(C)用作隔离物。该隔离物可包含(例如)在本质上可为无机或有机的无纺布,或多孔聚合物层,例如聚烯烃膜(尤其为聚乙烯或聚丙烯膜)。优选地,层(C)包含两个多孔聚合物层,其间嵌入离子交换器(a)。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,已将离子交换器(a)嵌插(例如压印)至阴极(A)或阳极(B)上的粘合剂层内。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,层(C)可此外包含无纺布(c)。无纺布(c)在本质上可为有机或优选无机的。有机无纺布(c)的实例为聚酯无纺布,尤其是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯无纺布(PET无纺布)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯无纺布(PBT无纺布)、聚酰亚胺无纺布、聚乙烯和聚丙烯无纺布、PVdF无纺布和PTFE无纺布。
无机无纺布(c)的实例为玻璃纤维无纺布和陶瓷纤维无纺布。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,层(C)具有0.1μm至250μm,优选1μm至50μm,更优选至少9μm的厚度。
本发明电池还可具有本身常规的组分,例如导电性盐、非水性溶剂、和电缆连接和外壳。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明电池包含至少一种在室温下可为液体或固体的非水性溶剂,其优选选自聚合物、环状或非环状醚、环状和非环状缩醛和环状或非环状有机碳酸酯。
合适的聚合物的实例尤其为聚亚烷基二醇,优选聚C1-C4亚烷基二醇,尤其是聚乙二醇。聚乙二醇可包含至多20摩尔%的呈共聚形式的一种或多种C1-C4亚烷基二醇。聚亚烷基二醇优选为经二甲基或二乙基封端的聚亚烷基二醇。
合适的聚亚烷基二醇,尤其是合适的聚乙二醇的分子量Mw可为至少400g/mol。
合适的聚亚烷基二醇,尤其是合适的聚乙二醇的分子量Mw可为至多5 000 000g/mol,优选至多2 000 000g/mol。
合适的非环状醚的实例为(例如)二异丙基醚、二正丁基醚、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷,其中优选1,2-二甲氧基乙烷。
合适的环状醚的实例为四氢呋喃和1,4-二烷。
合适的非环状缩醛的实例为(例如)二甲氧基甲烷、二乙氧基甲烷、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷和1,1-二乙氧基乙烷。
合适的非环状有机碳酸酯的实例为碳酸二甲酯、碳酸乙基甲基酯和碳酸二乙酯。
合适的环状有机碳酸酯的实例为通式(X)和(XI)的化合物:
其中R1、R2和R3可相同或不同,且各自选自氢和C1-C4烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基,其中R2和R3优选不同时为叔丁基。
在特别优选的实施方案中,R1为甲基且R2和R3各自为氢,或R1、R2和R3各自为氢。
另一优选的环状有机碳酸酯为式(XII)碳酸亚乙烯基酯:
优选使用呈所谓的无水状态(即具有可通过(例如)卡尔费歇尔滴定法测定的1ppm至0.1重量%的水含量)的溶剂。
本发明的电化学电池此外包含至少一种导电性盐。合适的导电性盐尤其是锂盐。合适锂盐的实例为LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO3、LiC(CnF2n+1SO2)3、锂酰亚胺(lithium imide)(如LiN(CnF2n+1SO2)2,其中n为1至20的整数)、LiN(SO2F)2、Li2SiF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4和通式(CnF2n+1SO2)mXLi的盐,其中m如下所定义:
当X选自氧和硫时,m=1;
当X选自氮和磷时,m=2,和
当X选自碳和硅时,m=3。
优选的导电性盐选自LiC(CF3SO2)3、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4,特别优选LiPF6和LiN(CF3SO2)2。
本发明电化学电池此外包含可具有任何形状(例如立方形或圆柱形)的外壳。在另一实施方案中,本发明电化学电池具有棱柱体形状。在一个变体中,所使用的外壳为加工成袋的金属-塑料复合薄膜。
本发明电化学电池提供高电压,且特征在于高能量密度和良好的稳定性。更特别地,本发明电化学电池的特征在于在长时间使用和重复循环的过程中仅具有非常小的容量损失。
本发明此外提供本发明电化学电池在锂离子电池组中的用途。本发明此外提供包含至少一个本发明电化学电池的锂离子电池组。本发明电化学电池可以(例如)串联或并联方式在本发明锂离子电池组内相互组合。优选串联。
本发明此外提供本发明锂离子电池组在设备(尤其是移动设备)中的用途。移动设备的实例为交通工具,例如汽车、自行车、飞机或水上交通工具如小船或轮船。移动设备的其他实例为可携式的那些,例如计算机(尤其是笔记本电脑)、电话或来自(例如)建筑领域的电力工具(尤其是钻头、电池组驱动型螺丝刀或电池组驱动型敲钉器)。
本发明锂离子电池组在设备中的用途的优点为在再充电之前运行时间长,且在长时间运行过程中容量损失较小。若本发明要使用具有较低能量密度的电化学电池来实现相等的运行时间,则将必须接受更大重量的电化学电池。
通过工作实施例来阐述本发明。
除非另有明确说明,否则呈%形式的数值各自基于重量%。
I可用作隔离物的本发明层(C)的生产
I.1本发明隔离物(C.1)的生产
由玻璃纤维无纺布(Whatman,厚度260μm)冲压出直径为13mm的圆片,然后在干燥箱内于120℃下干燥若干小时。之后,将这些玻璃纤维无纺布圆片转移至充氩手套箱内。将各玻璃纤维无纺布圆片分成两部分,以使一个玻璃纤维无纺布圆片提供两个厚度各为约130μm的玻璃纤维无纺布圆片(c.1)。
使锂化分子筛(a.1)G5000,Ceca)在真空干燥箱内于200℃下干燥16小时。之后,使用研钵和研杵研磨由此干燥的锂化分子筛,以获得细粉,并通过网目尺寸为32μm的筛来筛选。然后,将该经筛选的细粉以9:1的重量比与聚偏二氟乙烯(可以FLEX2801购自Arkema)(b.1)混合,且接着滴加N-甲基吡咯烷酮直至获得粘稠糊。搅拌由此获得的粘稠糊16小时。
将由此获得的糊均匀地刮刀涂覆于该两个玻璃纤维无纺布圆片(c.1)的顶面上,以在每种情况下实现15mg/cm2的覆盖度。以夹层方式组合该两个经分子筛覆盖的玻璃纤维无纺布圆片,以提供隔离物/分子筛/隔离物复合材料。获得本发明层(C.1)。
I.2本发明隔离物(C.2)的生产
重复实验I.1,不同的是使用两个20μm厚的PET无纺布圆片(c.2)(可购自APODIS Filtertechnik OHG的“PES20”无纺布)代替两个圆片(c.1)。获得发明层(C.2)。
I.3对比例
在相同条件下重复实施例I.1的实验,不同的是省略锂化分子筛(a.1)。获得对比层(V-C.3)。
II.本发明电化学电池的生产和测试
始终使用以下电极:
阴极(A.1):使用按照如下生产的锂-镍-锰尖晶石电极。使以下物质在螺旋盖型容器内相互混合:
85%LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4;
6%碳黑,其BET表面积为62m2/g,可以“Super P Li”购自Timcal;
3%石墨,其可以KS6购自Timcal。
在搅拌下添加足量的N-甲基吡咯烷酮以获得不含团块的粘稠糊。搅拌该混合物16小时。
然后,将可由此获得的糊刮刀涂覆至20μm厚的铝箔上,且在真空干燥箱内于120℃下干燥16小时。干燥后的涂层厚度为30μm。随后,冲压出直径为12mm的圆片形部分。
阳极(B.1):使以下物质在螺旋盖型容器内相互混合:
91%石墨,ConocoPhillips C5;
6%PVdF,其可以Kynar2801购自Arkema Group;
3%碳黑,其BET表面为62m2/g,可以“Super P Li”购自Timcal。
在搅拌下添加足量的N-甲基吡咯烷酮以获得不含团块的粘稠糊。搅拌该混合物16小时。
然后,将可由此获得的糊刮刀涂覆至20μm厚的铜箔上,且在真空干燥箱内于120℃下干燥16小时。干燥之后,该涂层的厚度为35μm。随后,冲压出直径为12mm的圆片形部分。
II.1本发明电化学电池EZ.1的生产和测试
始终使用以下电解质:
1M无水碳酸亚乙酯-碳酸乙基甲基酯混合物(1:1重量比)中的LiPF6溶液。
使用根据I.1生产的本发明层(C.1)作为隔离物,且就此目的而言,在充氩手套箱内将电解质滴至其上,且将其置于阴极(A.1)与阳极(B.1)之间,以使该阳极和阴极均直接接触该隔离物。添加该电解质以获得本发明电化学电池EZ.1。在三电极Swagelok电池内,在4.25V与4.8V之间进行电化学分析。
就形成的目的而言,在0.2C的速率下进行前两次循环;在1C的速率下进行第3次循环至第50次循环。在室温下,借助“MACCOR电池组测试仪”进行该电池的充电和放电。
已发现,电池组容量在重复充电和放电期间保持稳定且接近100%的理论值。
II.2本发明电化学电池EZ.2的生产和测试
该程序如II.1中所述,不同的是使用层(C.2)代替层(C.1)。获得本发明电化学电池EZ.2,其类似于II.1测试。
II.3非本发明电化学电池V-EZ.3的生产和测试
该程序如II.1中所述,不同的是使用层(V-C.3)代替层(C.1)。获得电化学电池V-EZ.3,其类似于II.1测试。
结果:
EZ.1和EZ.2可充电和放电50次而具有良好的稳定性。这些容量几乎未减小(参见显示实施例EZ.2的图2)。已发现,经50次循环之后,电池组容量从最初的96mAh/g下降7mAh/g至89mAh/g,这对应于7.7%的容量损失。该充电/放电效率达到大于99%的值。
虽然电化学电池V-EZ.3同样可充电和放电若干循环,但容量比EZ.1更大程度下降。已发现,经50次循环之后,电池组容量从最初的95mAh/g下降22mAh/g至73mAh/g,这对应于23.2%的容量损失。该充电/放电效率达到约98%的值。
图1显示本发明电池EZ.2的充电/放电容量(左侧轴,实线)和充电/放电效率(右侧轴,虚线)。
Claims (14)
1.一种电化学电池,包含:
(A)至少一个阴极,其包含至少一种包含锰作为过渡金属的含锂离子的过渡金属氧化物;
(B)至少一个阳极;和
(C)至少一个层,其包含:
(a)至少一种呈颗粒形式的离子交换器;
(b)至少一种粘合剂。
2.根据权利要求1的电化学电池,其中含锂离子的过渡金属氧化物选自含锰尖晶石和具有层结构的含锰的过渡金属氧化物。
3.根据权利要求1或2的电化学电池,其中含锰尖晶石选自式(I)的那些:
LiaM1 bMn3-a-bO4-d (I)
其中各变量如下所定义:
0.9≤a≤1.3;
0≤b≤0.6;
-0.1≤d≤0.4;且
M1选自一种或多种元素,这些元素选自Al、Mg、Ca、Na、B、Mo、W和元素周期表中第一周期的过渡金属。
4.根据权利要求1或2的电化学电池,其中具有层结构的含锰的过渡金属氧化物选自式(II)的那些:
Li1+tM2 1-tO2
其中各变量如下所定义:
0≤t≤0.3且
M2选自Al、Mg、B、Mo、W、Na、Ca和元素周期表中第一周期的过渡金属,其中至少一种过渡金属为锰。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的电化学电池,其中阳极(B)选自由碳组成的阳极和包含Sn或Si的阳极。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的电化学电池,其中呈颗粒形式的离子交换器选自分子筛、沸石和含锂分子筛。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的电化学电池,其中层(C)具有0.1μm至250μm的厚度。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的电化学电池,其中层(C)为隔离物。
9.根据权利要求8的电化学电池,其中层(C)额外包含无纺布(c)。
10.根据权利要求8或9的电化学电池,其中层(C)具有9-50μm的平均厚度。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的电化学电池,其中层(C)覆盖阴极(A)或隔离物或阳极(B)的至少一侧。
12.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的电化学电池,其中粘合剂(b)选自聚乙烯醇、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、聚丙烯腈、羧甲基纤维素和氟化(共)聚合物。
13.根据权利要求1-12中任一项的电化学电池在锂离子电池中的用途。
14.一种锂离子电池组,包含至少一个根据权利要求1-12中任一项的电化学电池。
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PCT/IB2012/051587 WO2012137119A2 (de) | 2011-04-04 | 2012-04-02 | Elektrochemische zellen, die ionenaustauscher enthalten |
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JP (1) | JP2014513395A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20140031250A (zh) |
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KR102492457B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-04 | 2023-01-30 | 덴카 주식회사 | 전극용 도전성 조성물, 비수계 전지용 전극 및 비수계 전지 |
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CN1355940A (zh) * | 1999-04-09 | 2002-06-26 | Basf公司 | 适合作化学电池隔膜的复合材料 |
CN101218695A (zh) * | 2005-12-08 | 2008-07-09 | 日立麦克赛尔株式会社 | 电化学元件用隔板及其制造方法以及电化学元件及其制造方法 |
JP2009064656A (ja) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-26 | Minebea Co Ltd | 面状照明装置 |
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US5728489A (en) | 1996-12-12 | 1998-03-17 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Polymer electrolytes containing lithiated zeolite |
US20020122986A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-05 | Labarge William J. | Lithium battery with separator stored lithium |
DE10347566A1 (de) * | 2003-10-14 | 2005-05-12 | Degussa | Keramischer Separator für elektrochemische Zellen mit verbesserter Leitfähigkeit |
CN101276895B (zh) * | 2007-03-27 | 2013-05-29 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 锂离子二次电池多孔隔膜层用组合物及锂离子二次电池 |
CN101281961A (zh) * | 2007-04-06 | 2008-10-08 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 锂离子电池隔膜用的涂层组合物及该隔膜的制造方法 |
JP2009064566A (ja) * | 2007-09-04 | 2009-03-26 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 電池用セパレータおよび非水電解質電池 |
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CN101814590B (zh) * | 2010-04-23 | 2011-12-14 | 湖南业翔晶科新能源有限公司 | 锂离子电池用多孔固态隔膜及其制备方法 |
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JP2014513395A (ja) | 2014-05-29 |
KR20140031250A (ko) | 2014-03-12 |
EP2695222A4 (de) | 2014-09-17 |
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