CN103438097B - 双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承 - Google Patents

双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承 Download PDF

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CN103438097B
CN103438097B CN201310388754.4A CN201310388754A CN103438097B CN 103438097 B CN103438097 B CN 103438097B CN 201310388754 A CN201310388754 A CN 201310388754A CN 103438097 B CN103438097 B CN 103438097B
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static pressure
thrust bearing
active
way hybrid
lubricating pad
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CN103438097A (zh
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于晓东
王志强
周启慧
谭力
李欢欢
付旭
刘丹
张艳芹
邵俊鹏
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/06Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
    • F16C32/0681Construction or mounting aspects of hydrostatic bearings, for exclusively rotary movement, related to the direction of load
    • F16C32/0692Construction or mounting aspects of hydrostatic bearings, for exclusively rotary movement, related to the direction of load for axial load only
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/04Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only
    • F16C17/06Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only with tiltably-supported segments, e.g. Michell bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/06Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
    • F16C32/0603Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a gas cushion, e.g. an air cushion
    • F16C32/0614Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a gas cushion, e.g. an air cushion the gas being supplied under pressure, e.g. aerostatic bearings
    • F16C32/0622Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a gas cushion, e.g. an air cushion the gas being supplied under pressure, e.g. aerostatic bearings via nozzles, restrictors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/06Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
    • F16C32/0662Details of hydrostatic bearings independent of fluid supply or direction of load
    • F16C32/0666Details of hydrostatic bearings independent of fluid supply or direction of load of bearing pads

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承,本发明涉及双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承。本发明是要解决现今高速重载极端工况精度低和运行稳定性差的难题,而提供了双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承。双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承,包括动静压油垫、圆形机床底座与旋转工作台;所述动静压油垫正上方设有旋转工作台,所述动静压油垫正下方设有圆形机床底座;双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承的动静压油垫上还包括有楔形;所述楔形设置在封油边的周向两边的内侧。本发明应用于高速重载机床工作台领域。

Description

双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承。
背景技术
随着高速重载切削技术的出现,静压支承的实际作用也是越来越明显,然而国内的静压支承技术还很不完善,静压支承经常出现边界润滑和摩擦学失效的现象,润滑失效不仅会使工作效率降低、加工精度下降、运行稳定性差、能耗加大、材料磨损增加,而且会产生零件破坏,造成机器损坏,甚至带来人员伤亡,给国家带来经济损失。为了充分利用动压效应,提高静压的支承能力,保证其高精度稳定运行,从动静压混合润滑入手,改变现有结构,使其充分满足动压形成的条件,加强动压的实际效果,合理匹配动压效应和静压损失的关系,以达到运行过程中整体承载能力的稳定。
对静压推力轴承润滑性能研究,国内主要是对静压支承温度场、压力场、速度场和变形场进行理论计算,模拟仿真和工厂实验,不断改变油垫结构(如:腔型、腔深、封油边尺寸、入油口位置等),通过对比找出较为理想的结构,从而达到提高支承能力的目的;工厂实际操作中为达到实际需要,不断加大供油量,但效果并不是十分明显,有时适得其反。近些年来,随着重载高速切削技术的出现,开始加大动静压混合润滑研究的力度,然而主要是针对径向轴承的研究,推力轴承的开发研究还很鲜见,高速重载润滑技术还很不完善。现有的推力轴承动静压研究,也就是根据动压形成条件进行研究,大多学者潜心智力于腔深的研究,找出最佳腔深,使动压效果达到最大;工厂为实现动静压结合,经常会把封油边用刮刀随意进行处理,以提高承载力,并且只能实现单向增加动压的效果,而对能够实现双向均可存在动压效应,且能实现动压效应和静压效应合理匹配的研究至今还没有。现今已有的纯静压技术已不能满足高速重载工况高精度和高稳定性的要求,在实际生活生产中会经常出现边界润滑和摩擦学失效的现象,所以要充分利用低速依靠静压支承,高速充分发挥动压效应,本双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承正好有利结合了二者。
发明内容
本发明是要解决现今高速重载极端工况精度低和运行稳定性差的难题,而提供了双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承。
双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承,包括动静压油垫、圆形机床底座与旋转工作台;
所述动静压油垫正上方设有旋转工作台,所述动静压油垫正下方设有圆形机床底座;
所述动静压油垫的上端面设有油腔,所述油腔中间位置开有进油孔,所述油腔外周设有封油边,其特征在于双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承的动静压油垫上还包括有楔形;
所述楔形设置在封油边的周向两边的内侧。
工作原理:
动压产生的条件有三个:
1、旋转工作台下表面与动静压油垫封油边上的楔形表面之间有相对运动;
2、两表面之间有楔形间隙,润滑油从大口进入,小口流出;
3、两表面之间润滑油有一定的粘度。
要想产生动压,只差条件2无法满足,为了实现两表面之间的楔形间隙,把静压油腔封油边的周向两边内侧做成楔形,运用动压公式(公式1),以动压承载能力最大化为目标,经过理论计算优化得到楔形的斜度、宽度和长度,向油腔中供入液压油,旋转工作台旋转时,在旋转工作台下表面与油垫封油边上的楔形表面之间会出现一个楔形的间隙,此时动压形成的三个条件全部满足,从而达到动静压混合润滑的效果,其旋转速度越高静压承载力损失越大,所产生的动压效果越明显,动压支承力越大,实现了静压损失和动压效应的合理匹配,并且实现了正反转双向运行。
F = 6 μ t vL 2 B ( ln h 1 h 2 - 2 h 1 - h 2 h 1 + h 2 ) ( h 1 - h 2 ) 2 (公式1)
式中:μt—动力粘度;
v—线速度;
L—楔形的长度;
B—楔形的宽度;
h1—油腔处的油膜厚度;
h2—封油边处的油膜厚度。
发明效果:
本发明为了提高静压支承能力,将动静压混合技术融入到静压推力轴承中,使其联合作用,以达到提高静压支承的运行精度和稳定性的目的,本发明可以在原有静压承载力基础上增加推力轴承动压效应,补偿由于高速重载所引起的静压承载力的不足,实现动压效应和静压损失的合理匹配,为高速重载静压推力轴承提高旋转精度和稳定性提供技术支持,为立式数控加工装备的承载和提速提供一份技术支持;
工厂实验中发现,动静压混合润滑效果十分明显,对比同等条件下的油膜厚度,改进后的油膜厚度几乎恒定,油膜润滑性能显著提高,保证了静压推力轴承高精度稳定运行;与此同时此种结构为某厂3.5米系列和3.5米以上立式数控车床提速和承载做出了巨大贡献,由100r/min提升到200r/min。事实说明,此种结构对机床的承载和提速有重要意义,并且保证了机床高精度稳定运行,实现了正反转双向运行。
附图说明
图1是双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承结构图;
图2是动静压油垫在圆形底座上的周向分布图;
图3是动静压油垫上端面立体结构图;
图4是动静压油垫上端面立体结构剖视图;
图5是动静压油垫下端面立体结构剖视图。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式一:本实施方式的双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承,包括动静压油垫1、圆形机床底座2与旋转工作台3;
所述动静压油垫1正上方设有旋转工作台3,所述动静压油垫1正下方设有圆形机床底座2;
所述动静压油垫1的上端面设有油腔1-1,所述油腔1-1中间位置开有进油孔1-1-1,所述油腔1-1外周设有封油边1-1-2,其特征在于双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承的动静压油垫1上还包括有楔形1-1-3;
所述楔形1-1-3设置在封油边1-1-2的周向两边的内侧。
工作原理:
动压产生的条件有三个:
1、旋转工作台下表面与动静压油垫封油边上的楔形表面之间有相对运动;
2、两表面之间有楔形间隙,润滑油从大口进入,小口流出;
3、两表面之间润滑油有一定的粘度。
要想产生动压,只差条件2无法满足,为了实现两表面之间的楔形间隙,把静压油腔封油边的周向两边内侧做成楔形,运用动压公式(公式1),以动压承载能力最大化为目标,经过理论计算优化得到楔形的斜度、宽度和长度,向油腔中供入液压油,旋转工作台旋转时,在旋转工作台下表面与油垫封油边上的楔形表面之间会出现一个楔形的间隙,此时动压形成的三个条件全部满足,从而达到动静压混合润滑的效果,其旋转速度越高静压承载力损失越大,所产生的动压效果越明显,动压支承力越大,实现了静压损失和动压效应的合理匹配,并且实现了正反转双向运行。
F = 6 μ t vL 2 B ( ln h 1 h 2 - 2 h 1 - h 2 h 1 + h 2 ) ( h 1 - h 2 ) 2 (公式1)
式中:μt—动力粘度;
v—线速度;
L—楔形的长度;
B—楔形的宽度;
h1—油腔处的油膜厚度;
h2—封油边处的油膜厚度。
本实施方式效果:
本实施方式为了提高静压支承能力,将动静压混合技术融入到静压推力轴承中,使其联合作用,以达到提高静压支承的运行精度和稳定性的目的,本实施方式可以在原有静压承载力基础上增加推力轴承动压效应,补偿由于高速重载所引起的静压承载力的不足,实现动压效应和静压损失的合理匹配,为高速重载静压推力轴承提高旋转精度和稳定性提供技术支持,为立式数控加工装备的承载和提速提供一份技术支持;
工厂实验中发现,动静压混合润滑效果十分明显,对比同等条件下的油膜厚度,改进后的油膜厚度几乎恒定,油膜润滑性能显著提高,保证了静压推力轴承高精度稳定运行;与此同时此种结构为某厂3.5米系列和3.5米以上立式数控车床提速和承载做出了巨大贡献,由100r/min提升到200r/min。事实说明,此种结构对机床的承载和提速有重要意义,并且保证了机床高精度稳定运行,实现了正反转双向运行。
具体实施方式二:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是:所述动静压油垫1为12个。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式三:本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二不同的是:所述动静压油垫1为扇形,动静压油垫1在圆形机床底座2上周向均匀分布。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一或二相同。
具体实施方式四:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至三之一不同的是:所述动静压油垫1中,每两个动静压油垫1之间的间隙为回油槽1-2。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一至三之一相同。
具体实施方式五:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至四之一不同的是:所述动静压油垫1的下端面1-3为平面。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一至四之一相同。

Claims (4)

1.双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承,包括动静压油垫(1)、圆形机床底座(2)与旋转工作台(3);
所述动静压油垫(1)正上方设有旋转工作台(3),所述动静压油垫(1)正下方设有圆形机床底座(2);
所述动静压油垫(1)的上端面设有油腔(1-1),所述油腔(1-1)中间位置开有进油孔(1-1-1),所述油腔(1-1)外周设有封油边(1-1-2),其特征在于双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承的动静压油垫(1)上还包括有楔形(1-1-3);所述动静压油垫(1)为12个;
所述楔形(1-1-3)设置在封油边(1-1-2)的周向两边的内侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承,其特征在于所述动静压油垫(1)为扇形,动静压油垫(1)在圆形机床底座(2)上周向均匀分布。
3.根据权利要求2所述的双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承,其特征在于所述动静压油垫(1)中,每两个动静压油垫(1)之间的间隙为回油槽(1-2)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承,其特征在于所述动静压油垫(1)的下端面(1-3)为平面。
CN201310388754.4A 2013-08-30 2013-08-30 双向动静压混合润滑推力轴承 Expired - Fee Related CN103438097B (zh)

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