CN103435692B - 人参糖蛋白在治疗老年痴呆的药物和保健食品中的应用 - Google Patents
人参糖蛋白在治疗老年痴呆的药物和保健食品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及医药和保健食品开发技术领域,提供了一种人参水提物经大孔吸附树脂、中空纤维柱超滤分离、透析等技术,从传统中药人参中提取分离得到人参糖蛋白的方法,该糖蛋白中总糖含量为30%左右,酸性糖含量在5%左右,蛋白质含量在60%以上,重均分子量(Mw)分布在1.6×104左右,蛋白质部分由17种氨基酸组成,并通过药效学试验证明了人参糖蛋白具有治疗老年痴呆的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属医药技术领域,具体涉及一种从人参中提取分离得到的人参糖蛋白在治疗老年痴呆药物和保健食品中的应用。
背景技术
人参为五加科植物人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)的干燥根及根茎。为名贵药材,具有独特的药用价值和医疗保健作用,一直深受人们的重视。多年的研究结果表明,人参具有调节中枢神经系统、提高学习记忆能力的作用,但在公开发表的文献中表明,人参皂苷类成分具有提高学习记忆能力。
至今,有关人参糖蛋白的研究报道甚少。经文献检索,仅查到张彬等报道的人参糖蛋白的分离纯化及其性质研究(药物分析杂志2006,(26)2,272-276页),该文献报道的人参糖蛋白的制备是将人参粗多糖提取物先经Hiprep2660Sephacryl S200柱层析分离纯化得到第一个组分峰1,再经过HitrapQTM26/60柱层析梯度洗脱纯化得到组分P1,经HPGPC检测,该组分P1为一峰形对称的蛋白质-糖组分,重均分子量(Mw)分布在2.4KDa左右,该组分兑水透析,冷冻干燥,即为人参糖蛋白。张彬报道的人参糖蛋白仅是人参糖蛋白其中的一个片段(分子量在2.4KDa左右),并对该片段的理化性质进行了研究。而本权利要求书1所制得的人参糖蛋白重均分子量(Mw)分布在1.6KDa左右,所以,本权利要求书1与张彬报道的人参糖蛋白有其本质差异。
经文献检索,有关人参糖蛋白生物活性方面报道很多,主要在镇痛、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、增强免疫的活性研究,至今尚未检索到有关人参糖蛋白具有治疗老年痴呆的活性报道。
近年来,国外对肽类作为增强学习和记忆能力活性成分的研究有一定的进展。2010年Matharu B.等人(Peptides,2010,31,1866-1872页)发现一种肽(retro-invers peptides)可作为治疗由β-淀粉样蛋白引起的老年痴呆的药物。Gozes I.等人(Neurobiology of Aging,2000,21,169页)选用一种具有神经保护作用的肽的片段(NAP),通过鼻内途径给药的方式治疗AD。结果显示,用胆碱能阻断剂ethylcholine aziridium(AF64A)处理过的小鼠,经鼻吸入NAP,可显著提高空间学习记忆(水迷宫)能力。实验结果还表明,该物质可通过血脑屏障。体外实验结果表明,NAP增加cGMP和一氧化氮产物的同时具有抗氧化作用。其结果表明,NAP可以作为治疗阿尔茨海默病药物开发的先导化合物。Snow A.D.等人(Alzheimer's and Dementia,2008,4(4),463-464页)在转基因鼠模型中发现一种新型可改善阿尔茨海默病情的小肽(DP-74),这种肽具有可穿过血脑屏障降低脑淀粉样蛋白沉积以及增强APP转基因小鼠记忆的作用,揭示了新型小肽对AD和其相关异常疾病的治疗与预防方面的发展提供了新的希望。Kita Y.等人(Neuropeptides,2006,40(6),434页)发现一种新型的神经保护性肽Colivelin,它可保护神经免受AD相关损伤及Aβ引起的死亡。Windisch M.等人(Alzheimer's and Dementia,2006,2(3),643页)研究发现,β-突触核蛋白衍生的小肽在慢性的和急性的神经 退行性病变的组织培养中表现出显著地神经保护作用。此小肽同样在AD的动物模型中进行了研究,包括对认知功能的影响和同样的减少淀粉样蛋白的相关病理学改变,结果显示突触核蛋白衍生肽可能成为不同神经退行性病变有效治疗策略发展的基础。上述研究结果为我们下一步对人参中肽对治疗AD的活性研究提供了依据。
国内外对糖肽作为可增强学习记和忆能力的活性成分研究的报道极少,2004年李佐刚(生物技术,2004,14(34),34-36页)等人,对薄芝糖肽注射液进行了药理学的系统研究,结果表明,薄芝糖肽注射液能减少小鼠的自发活动性,加强利血平、氯丙嗪的中枢镇静作用,拮抗苯丙胺的中枢兴奋作用,延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间,能增强小鼠记忆力,加强小鼠抗缺氧能力。以上研究结论为我们研究人参糖蛋白治疗老年痴呆提供了科学依据。
本发明所得到的人参糖蛋白其重均分子量(Mw)分布在1.6KDa左右,其中人参糖蛋白中的总糖含量为30%左右,酸性糖含量为5%左右,蛋白质含量在60%以上。通过药效学实验数据证明了人参糖蛋白具有改善老年痴呆的作用。在本发明之前,尚未见有关人参糖蛋白治疗老年痴呆方面的研究报道。因此,本发明权利要求所保护的内容具有创新性和新颖性,为今后以人参为原料开发新药、保健食品或食品拓宽了开发空间。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是从人参中提取分离出糖蛋白类化合物,即人参糖蛋白。
取人参5kg,粉碎成粗粉,加15倍量的水,煎煮2次,每次3小时,滤过,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至5升,通过已处理好的D101大孔吸附树脂,20升水洗脱,水洗脱液通过截留分子量为30kD的中空纤维柱进行超滤,超滤液浓缩后再进行透析(采用截留分子量10kD的透析袋),透析内液按常规工艺冻干,得到人参糖蛋白。
(1)理化性质结果
总糖含量的测定采用苯酚-硫酸法,葡萄糖作为对照品,制作标准曲线,结果表明,人参糖蛋白中的总糖含量在28%。
酸性糖含量的测定采用间-羟基联苯法,半乳糖醛酸作为对照品,制作标准曲线,结果表明,人参糖蛋白中的酸性糖含量为4%,
蛋白质含量的测定采用Lowry法,牛血清蛋白作为对照品,制作标准曲线,结果表明,人参糖蛋白中的蛋白含量在68%。
(2)分子量分布采用HPLC,示差检测器,美国赛芬柱SRTSEC-100(截留分子量100-100000),以色氨酸(分子量为204.23)、蛋白酶抑制剂(分子量为6512)、VB12(分子量为1355)、细胞色素C(分子量为12327)、牛血清白蛋白(分子量为66200)作为对照品,制作标准曲线,GPC软件计算结果表明,人参糖蛋白重均分子量(Mw)分布在1.6KDa左右。
Ln(Mn)=Bo+B1×T+B2×T2+B3×T3
Bo=6.421077,B1=-0.1460711,B2=0,B3=0
R2=0.996563
(3)组成糖分析 采用PMP-柱前衍生化法,将人参糖蛋白中糖 部分制备成衍生物,以各单糖的衍生物作为对照品,HPLC结果表明,人参糖蛋白中糖部分主要为葡萄糖组成,此外还含有甘露糖、鼠李糖、岩藻糖、半乳糖醛酸、N-乙酰葡萄糖胺和N-乙酰半乳糖胺。
(4)氨基酸分析,采用HPLC,将人参糖蛋白用6mol/L盐酸水解20小时,以20种氨基酸作为对照品,分别制作标准曲线,结果表明,人参糖蛋白由天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、组氨酸、甘氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、半胱氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、酪氨酸、蛋氨酸17种氨基酸组成。
本发明的目的之二是根据中医药理论与治疗经验,结合现代药理学研究手段,表明人参糖蛋白可用作制备预防与治疗老年痴呆药物与保健食品。
本发明对人参糖蛋白进行了治疗老年痴呆的药效学评价试验。
1、实验目的:
评价人参糖蛋白对老年痴呆的治疗作用。
2、实验方法:
取Wistar大鼠30只,雄性,体重400±50g,随机分为三组:正常组、模型组与人参糖蛋白组,正常组腹腔注射生理盐水80mg/kg。
2.1Aβ25-35脑内注射造成老年痴呆模型
Wistar大鼠采用戊巴比妥钠40mg/kg腹腔注射麻醉后,将大鼠置于立体定位仪上,固定头部,剃去大鼠头顶部的毛,常规消毒,剪开头皮,暴露顶骨,参照大鼠脑立体定位图谱,在顶骨上钻两个小孔。海马CA1区的具体定位是:以前囟为零点,中线两侧由后向前距前 囟点(AP)3.0mm,两侧距中线(ML)±2.0mm,硬膜下(DV)2.8mm。即于前囟后3.0mm,中线右侧旁开2mm,为穿刺点,用牙科钻钻开颅骨,用微量注射器刺破硬膜,垂直进针达硬膜下2.8mm,即为海马CA1区。用微量注射器向海马CA1区内缓慢注射Aβ25-35,双侧海马各5μl(2μg/μl),每侧海马的注射时间5min,留针5min,防液体外溢,拔出,缝合切口。假手术组,经所有手术步骤,只是用生理盐水替换Aβ25-35。术后肌肉注射青霉素,连续三天,防止感染。
2.2给药与测定
第4天开始,模型组腹腔注射生理盐水80mg/kg,人参糖蛋白组腹腔注射人参糖蛋白80mg/kg。
给药30天后用Morris水迷宫(the Morris water maze task)评测Wistar大鼠学习记忆能力,持续4天。将大鼠面向池壁放入水中,大鼠自由游泳最长时限120s后,置于水下隐藏的平台上休息10s,使其认知水池中的水下平台为逃生点。在试验间期置于笼中。入水点的选择:假想通过水池中心的互相垂直的两条直线把水池分为4个象限,水下平台位于其中一个象限的中心。两个象限之间的线与水池壁的交点作为大鼠训练时的入水点。每一只大鼠每天的训练中每次占用4个不同的入水点,4个入水点选择的前后顺序是随机的。大鼠被从入水点放入水中后,在水中为逃避溺死寻找逃生点,发现水下平台后会爬上水下平台休息。记录每次试验中大鼠从入水点到发现并爬上水下平台的时间,为逃避潜伏期(the escape latency,EL)。大鼠120s 内未能发现平台,就将其置于平台上10s,此时的EL记为120s。一只大鼠一天4个象限的EL的平均值就是平均逃避潜伏期(the average escape latency,AEL)。AEL的长短反映了大鼠对水下平台的学习记忆能力。AEL越短说明大鼠对入水点到水下平台的路径学习认知的越快,对水下平台的空间位置的记忆越强。
空间探索试验在定位航行试验的最后一次训练后进行。经过4天的训练,此时所有大鼠对水下平台的空间位置均产生一定的认知和记忆。试验是把水下平台移走,仍从4个不同的入水点将大鼠面向池壁放入水中,每只大鼠自由游泳120s,记录其通过原水下平台位置的次数,即跨平台次数。大鼠的跨平台次数越多,说明大鼠对原水下平台位置的空间记忆越强。
3、实验结果
人参糖蛋白能明显缩短平均逃避潜伏期(见表1),且第八天能恢复到正常大鼠水平(P<0.01)。在120s内,大鼠寻找平台所游的路程和时间成正比,根据轨迹显示(如图1所示),其结果与平均逃避潜伏期一致,路程越短说明对平台的记忆能力越强。而第九天的空间探索试验结果(见表2)进一步证明人参糖蛋白具有改善大鼠老年痴呆作用,且能恢复到正常大鼠水平。
表1.大鼠水迷宫实验平均逃避潜伏期测定结果
*P<0.05与正常组相比;#P<0.05与模型组相比
附图说明
图1是大鼠水迷宫实验轨迹路线图。
其中A为正常组;B为模型组;C为人参糖蛋白组。黑色粗线标记曲线为大鼠轨迹路线。
上述药效学实验表明本发明的人参糖蛋白能够改善大鼠老年痴呆,具有治疗老年痴呆的作用。
本发明是通过下面的实施例进行详细的说明,但不意味着本发明仅限于此,具体实施方案如下:
具体实施方式
1、取人参5kg,粉碎成粗粉,加15倍量的水,煎煮2次,每次3小时,滤过,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至5升,通过已处理好的D101大孔吸附树脂,20升水洗脱,水洗脱液通过截留分子量为30kD的中空纤维柱进行超滤,超滤液浓缩后再进行透析(采用截留分子量10kD的透析袋),透析内液按常规工艺冻干,即得人参糖蛋白(50g)冻干粉,用于治疗老年痴呆疾病。
2、人参糖蛋白肠溶胶囊
取上述糖蛋白冻干粉50g,加水适量溶解,加3%羧甲基纤维素 钠溶液混合,加适量崩解剂,经流化床制成内径60μm颗粒,干燥,取进口肠溶膜材料(丙烯酸树脂L100-55),喷雾在颗粒上,不断翻动,加热干燥,即得人参糖蛋白肠溶微丸500g,装0.5g肠溶胶囊,即得1000粒。
3、人参糖蛋白肠溶片
取上述糖蛋白冻干粉50g,加水适量溶解,加3%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液混合,加适量崩解剂,经流化床制成内径60μm颗粒,干燥,取进口肠溶膜材料(丙烯酸树脂L100-55),喷雾在颗粒上,不断翻动,加热干燥,即得人参糖蛋白肠溶微丸500g,压片,每片0.5g,即得1000片。
4、人参糖蛋白注射液
取上述糖蛋白冻干粉50g,加注射用水适量溶解,过0.22μm滤膜,加注射用水定容至50L,分装,每瓶100ml,灭菌,既得500瓶。
Claims (1)
1.一种人参糖蛋白在制备治疗老年痴呆的药物中的应用,其特征在于所述的糖蛋白总糖含量为30%,酸性糖含量为5%,蛋白质含量在60%以上;重均分子量Mw分布为1.6×104;糖部分主要由葡萄糖组成,此外还含有甘露糖、鼠李糖、岩藻糖、半乳糖醛酸、N-乙酰葡萄糖胺和N-乙酰半乳糖胺;蛋白部分由天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、组氨酸、甘氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、半胱氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、酪氨酸、蛋氨酸17种氨基酸组成。
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CN102827256A (zh) * | 2012-09-25 | 2012-12-19 | 姜瑞芝 | 人参糖蛋白的制备及其用途 |
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