CN103422488B - For the fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden that arid area ecology builds - Google Patents
For the fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden that arid area ecology builds Download PDFInfo
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- CN103422488B CN103422488B CN201310351009.2A CN201310351009A CN103422488B CN 103422488 B CN103422488 B CN 103422488B CN 201310351009 A CN201310351009 A CN 201310351009A CN 103422488 B CN103422488 B CN 103422488B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden built for arid area ecology, described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden is mixed by following material: fiber, cementing agent and ecological filler, the weight portion ratio of described cementing agent and the ecological filler after removing moisture is 1 ~ 10:100, and the ratio of described cementing agent and the ecological filler total weight parts after removing moisture and fibre weight part is 5 ~ 20:1; Described ecological filler water content is 35% ~ 99%; The thickness of described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden is 2 ~ 20cm, and after natural drying, thickness is 0.5 ~ 10cm.The present invention have reduce soil water evaporation speed, gas free exchange, be beneficial to growth of microorganism, increase Shamian Island roughness, weather-proof and biodegradable, and the advantages such as massive mechanical operation can be implemented.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden built for arid area ecology.
[background technology]
The evaporated quantity of water of arid area is the key factor that restriction this area ecology builds.Effectively administer because technology restriction sand ground is still difficult to realize massive mechanicalization at present.Existing primary abatement mode has:
1, mechanical sand fixation, mechanical sand fixation is that form the flowing of windbreak or straw checkerboard barrier obstruction dust storm, this technique effectively cannot improve husky body physicochemical property in modes such as the setting of batten, soil block, stone and the material such as stalk and goods thereof or tilings.Stalk felt is typical mechanical sand fixation material, and from material structure, porosity can ensure high air penetrability but not easily trap water; From biological angle, stalk is good nutrient matrix, and microorganism can multiply, the content of husky body organic matter can be increased, reduce the soil weight, but the shortcoming such as earth's surface fast drying and easy windage loss, this advantage is not played, and not easily organic growth becomes biocoene on this basis.
Such as: Authorization Notice No. is the Chinese patent of CN2549027Y, disclose one to check winds and fix drifting sand net, net of checking winds and fixing drifting sand belongs to a kind of plastic wire, formed through compiling by plastics organizine and tram, it is characterized in that organizine and tram are inlaid thread chaining structures, every root tram and adjacent some interweave through wire coil, in chaining stringer also selectively lining as strengthened rope.Existing problems are as above analyzed.
2, chemical sand-fixing, chemical sand-fixing is based on macromolecular material that is natural or that synthesize, sprays in husky surface, one deck continuous film of being reunited by the grains of sand, prevent the generation of eroding with the form of liquid film.Chemical sand-fixing is can massive mechanicalization to implement in theory compared to the most obvious advantage of mechanical sand fixation, and some macromolecular material has the advantages such as preserve moisture and fertility.Current chemical sand fixing material is to Biodegradable polymer material future development, and the organic matter after degraded by the nutrient matrix of microbial conversion needed for plant, can avoid secondary pollution.Though but macromolecular sand-fixation material in theory can mechanization on a large scale by Shamian Island sealing, but also exist as the mechanical wear ability of resistance to dust storm, the serious aqueous vapor of husky body that hinders exchange, reduce Shamian Island roughness, the defects such as costliness and formation secondary pollution, be unfavorable for that very much biocoene builds, be therefore in fact difficult to be effective to extensive sand control.
Such as: application number is the Chinese patent of 02100357.2, disclose a kind of green sand-fixing liquid, it is made up of the component of following weight proportion part: magnesia 10-20 part, magnesium chloride liquid 5-12 part of 30%, water 250-1000 part.Existing problems: the serious salinization of soil in soil, Shamian Island smooth being difficult to reduces wind speed, and sand body aqueous vapor is difficult to exchange.
Again such as: application number is the Chinese patent of 200910218078.X, disclose a kind of sand fixation material, using calcium lignosulfonate as primary raw material, in aqueous solution state, mix reinforcing agent and tackifier equably and obtain, wherein individual component pass is by weight proportion: calcium lignosulfonate: reinforcing agent=1:0.1 ~ 0.5, calcium lignosulfonate: tackifier=1:0.001 ~ 0.003, described reinforcing agent is Lauxite, and described tackifier are polyacrylamide or polyvinyl alcohol.Existing problems: not weatherproof, urea aldehyde bio-toxicity is high, and Shamian Island smooth being difficult to reduces wind speed, and husky body aqueous vapor is difficult to exchange.
3, sand consolidation with biologic, sand consolidation with biologic is based upon the sand control technique on plant or microorganism basis.The factor that sand consolidation with biologic technique needs are considered will far away more than upper two kinds of sand control techniques, and as amount of precipitation, vegetation soil bearing capacity, microorganism, Qiao fills with and the factor such as herbal interworking ratio and disease and pest.For now, biological breadcrust sand control technique is the darker part of this area research, and biological breadcrust can provide comparatively complete Ecology Evolution, sets up the soil generting machanism of stable state, for radical cure desert provides ideal technique.Sand consolidation with biologic initiatively fixes the sand technique, and fix the sand with the interaction of husky body with biological, biological breadcrust wherein fixes the sand to be the direction that research is more at present, utilizes natural biological skinning to carry out the physicochemical characteristics fixing the sand simultaneously to improve husky body.Biological breadcrust roughness of ground surface is greater than naked Shamian Island, and therefore it can collect condensate water effectively, increases the water content of shallow sand bed.Biological breadcrust has strong distributional effects to the moisture in the husky body of 0 ~ 5cm layer, add the water-holding capacity of topsoil, but its lower anti-net radiation can impel top layer evaporation of water, affects the growth of dark root system plant; Moreover dry season, biological breadcrust dormancy was even dead, dust storm is easily taken off to damage or buries, and causes biological breadcrust to be periodically damage; Finally, biological breadcrust has the characteristic promoting soil development, but this process is extremely slow, cannot meet the foundation of the Tiny ecosystem circle of high-biomass in the short time.
But sand consolidation with biologic technology improves sand ground physicochemical property due to more difficult, therefore implement sand consolidation with biologic difficulty large, and not easily implement with mode mechanizations such as aerial seeding seeds.
Such as: application number is the Chinese patent of 200910106760.X, disclose a kind of method for greening desert and system thereof, it comprises the following steps: dig out groove on the ground; Ecological fabric is spread in degree face and groove; Ecological complex pocket is placed in described groove.This invention, by adopting the form of vertical-horizontal network ditch, is constructed the lattice-array hindering husky bank, is utilized the uvioresistant of non-woven fabrics ecology bag with ecological complex pocket; Giving full play to the function that film catchments and reduces moisture evaporation, and add suitable organic fertilizer etc., is the bedding that ecological complex pocket becomes zonule implants growth one by one.Existing problems: cost of investment is very high, and sand ground is difficult to self-recovery, and Resistance to wind Erosion is poor
In sum, above-mentioned three kinds of sand control thinkings are all difficult to massive mechanicalization and implement and follow-uply carry out ecological reconstruction, and this is also there is no the reason that method brings desertification on a large scale at present.Think that the basic function that sand fixation material should possess is herein: reduce soil water evaporation speed, gas free exchange, be beneficial to growth of microorganism, increase Shamian Island roughness to reduce wind speed and delay dust, weather-proof and biodegradable; the functions such as massive mechanical operation can be implemented; need to propose new research direction, to solve the defect that existing three kinds of sand control thinkings exist.
[summary of the invention]
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention; be to provide a kind of fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden built for arid area ecology; its have reduce soil water evaporation speed, gas free exchange, be beneficial to growth of microorganism, increase Shamian Island roughness, weather-proof and biodegradable, and the advantages such as massive mechanical operation can be implemented.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind of fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden built for arid area ecology, described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden is mixed by following material: fiber, cementing agent and ecological filler, the weight portion ratio of described cementing agent and the ecological filler after removing moisture is 1 ~ 10:100, and the ratio of described cementing agent and the ecological filler total weight parts after removing moisture and fibre weight part is 5 ~ 20:1; In described ecological filler, water content is 35% ~ 99%; The thickness of described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden is 2 ~ 20cm, and after natural drying, thickness is 0.5 ~ 10cm.
Further, in described ecological filler, water content is 70% ~ 95%.
Further, described fiber is at least one in stalk, the peat composed of rotten mosses, glass fiber and weathered plastics fiber.
Further, described cementing agent comprises at least one, polyacrylamide and the polyvinyl alcohol in black liquid or starch; In described cementing agent, the content of each component is: black liquid or starch, or at least one in viscous polysaccharide be 0 ~ 100 weight portion, polyacrylamide is 100 weight portions, polyvinyl alcohol is 0 ~ 30 weight portion.
Further, described ecological filler is at least one in mud, clay minerals and agriculture and forestry product discarded object slurry.
Further, described mud is at least one in domestic sludge, paper mill sludge.
Further, the surface sprinkling of described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden has one deck chemical sand fixing material or sand consolidation with biologic material.
Further, described chemical sand fixing material is turpentine emulsion, black liquid, polyvinyl alcohol, paraffin wax emulsions, water glass class material, vermiculite, at least one in mica sheet mineral; Described sand consolidation with biologic material is algae, lichens, at least one in liver moss.
Further, described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden spike-shaped thing or macrophyte limb are fixed and ground.
Further, a loose hypothallus is also equipped with under described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden, described hypothallus is at least one in mud, clay minerals and agriculture and forestry product discarded object slurry or stalk, and mix with sand, described hypothallus thickness is 0 ~ 1m.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention proposes controlled be full of cracks structure according to the phenomenon that the Nature soil be full of cracks place preferentially grows plant and covers and control non-irrigated method: take the way of fiber and high-moisture cementing agent and ecological filler combination drying to manufacture fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden, it is apparent for be linked together by fiber, and has the overall expanse of material of numerous through wall flaw.The non-crack surface of this overburden has the steam raising that blocks water, the function such as weather-proof, and cracks provides enrichment steam function; The careless class of greening, seed or the branch of undershrub class are sown into by cracks.
The paper mill sludge that the present invention uses discharge index qualified, domestic sludge, therefore sand control cost can be ignored, and also solves the international sludge treatment problem for many years of puzzlement, huger than conventional administering method advantage; In addition, the present invention can massive mechanicalization operation, still can not implement massive mechanical sand control in the world at present, and use material of the present invention can carry out natural, ecological alternately, can not as chemical sand-fixing welding.
[detailed description of the invention]
The present invention relates to a kind of fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden built for arid area ecology, described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden is mixed by following material: fiber, cementing agent and ecological filler, the weight portion ratio of described cementing agent and the ecological filler after removing moisture is 1 ~ 10:100, and the ratio of described cementing agent and the ecological filler total weight parts after removing moisture and fibre weight part is 5 ~ 20:1; In described ecological filler, water content is 35% ~ 99%; The thickness of described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden is 2 ~ 20cm, and after natural drying, thickness is 0.5 ~ 10cm.
Preferably, in described ecological filler, water content is 70% ~ 95%.
Described fiber is at least one in stalk, the peat composed of rotten mosses, glass fiber and weathered plastics fiber; Described cementing agent comprises at least one, polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol in black liquid or starch; In described cementing agent, the content of each component is: black liquid or starch, or at least one in viscous polysaccharide be 0 ~ 100 weight portion, polyacrylamide is 100 weight portions, polyvinyl alcohol is 0 ~ 30 weight portion; Described ecological filler is at least one in mud, clay minerals and agriculture and forestry product discarded object slurry.
Preferably, described mud is at least one in domestic sludge, paper mill sludge.
Preferably, the surface sprinkling of described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden has one deck chemical sand fixing material or sand consolidation with biologic material.
Preferably, described chemical sand fixing material is turpentine emulsion, black liquid, polyvinyl alcohol, paraffin wax emulsions, water glass class material, vermiculite, at least one in mica sheet mineral; Described sand consolidation with biologic material is algae, lichens, at least one in liver moss.
Preferably, described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden spike-shaped thing or macrophyte limb are fixed and ground.
Preferably, a loose hypothallus is also equipped with under described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden, described hypothallus is at least one in mud, clay minerals and agriculture and forestry product discarded object slurry or stalk, and mix with sand, described hypothallus thickness is 0 ~ 1m.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment one:
1 part of stalk, the paper mill sludge 99 parts (amounting to dry paper mill sludge about 5 parts) of moisture 95%, namely paper mill sludge out itself contains polyacrylamide and the microorganism viscous polysaccharide of about 5% at plant emissions, these polyacrylamides and viscous polysaccharide are cementing agent, therefore after generally not needing to add cementing agent mixing in this case, scraper plate is laid, laying depth 5cm; Hypothallus thickness 10 centimeters is the mixture of domestic sludge and sand 1:3.The aqueous solution spilling 5% polyvinyl alcohol 2499 that fills spray after drying makes it slightly moistening a little.
Experimental result: this material can reduce by the moisture evaporation rate of 78%.Simulation rain heat descends plant to germinate and to survive with 80mm annual rainfall during season, but usually can ensure to afforest successfully under 150mm amount of precipitation.Cracked material is hard and abrasion resistance is extremely strong, but can slowly biodegradation.Hypothallus storage capacity is obviously better than each contrast groups.
Contrast groups (using polyvinyl alcohol chemical sand-fixing) can reduce about 50% moisture evaporation rate, but simulation rain heat descends plant to germinate reluctantly with season 150mm annual rainfall, is difficult to survival.Cladding material abrasion resistance is poor, and not resistance to dust storm corrodes.
Because this construction materials is laid on a large scale by mechanization, plant seeds by airplane can spray biological breadcrust suspension and various seed after dry and cracked, the stagnant effect seed of wind of crackle very easily falls in crackle to germinate grows up, and therefore can implement massive mechanical sand control.Certainly, when considering that the Environmental security that improvement is regional and Resistance to wind Erosion are main for needing emphasis, not necessarily needing to carry out plant seeds by airplane and spraying biological breadcrust suspension and various seed.
Embodiment two:
Glass fiber 2 parts, the Brown crake (belonging to swelling great soil group) 90 parts of water content 40%, adhesive is polyacrylamide 0.2 part, polyvinyl alcohol 0.2 part, suitable quantity of water, makes it to be converted into flocculence walk, mixing, directly be routed to Shamian Island, thickness 5cm, soak a little close to the dry rear above sodium methyl silicate (belonging to water glass class material) that sprays.About 10 days drying times.This technique binder amount is less, but inherently possesses bonds itself ability because of clay, therefore suitably can reduce consumption of binder
Experimental result: take the method same with embodiment one to test, simulation annual rainfall 80MM.Result: form comparatively fine and close crack structtire, material is hard wear resistant very, cannot biodegradation, can reduce about 83% evaporated quantity of water, and can hold rainfall and enter sand ground below crackle; Carry out simulated experiment with sand-blasting machine and find that can tolerate long period dust storm corrodes, when after supplementary sprinkling turpentine emulsion, evaporated quantity of water also can significantly reduce.
As used the compound of paper mill sludge/polyacrylamide materials and fiber to substitute, still add cementing agent, still keep spraying sodium methyl silicate and carry out waterproof, then abrasive resistance also can significantly improve, but possesses biodegradability.
Embodiment three:
On the basis of embodiment one, terms and conditions is completely the same, but laying surface layer after and continue a small amount of vermiculite in flake or mica sheet mineral on spreading after spraying polyvinyl alcohol, make facing surface cover the comparatively hydrophobic shaped minerals of one deck thin layer, the hydrophobic overburden consumption on usual one square metre of fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structural meterials is between 0.1-2 kilogram.
Experimental result shows, this fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden can reduce 85-93% water evaporation rate, and crackle diminishes, and does not also affect plant germination and surface layer Resistance to wind Erosion, not obviously affects current interception capacity, and the performance of performance is more superior.Exceedingly odious environment is more suitable for compared with embodiment one.
The present invention proposes controlled be full of cracks structure according to the phenomenon that the Nature soil be full of cracks place preferentially grows plant and covers and control non-irrigated method: take the way of fiber and high-moisture cementing agent and ecological filler combination drying to manufacture fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden, it is apparent for be linked together by fiber, and has the overall expanse of material of numerous through wall flaw.The non-crack surface of this overburden has the steam raising that blocks water, the function such as weather-proof, and cracks provides enrichment steam function; The careless class of greening, seed or the branch of undershrub class are sown into by cracks.
The paper mill sludge that the present invention uses discharge index qualified, domestic sludge, so that be convenient to the agriculture and forestry organic waste material of gathering materials on the spot, clay etc., therefore sand control cost is very low, also solves the international sludge treatment problem for many years of puzzlement, huger than conventional administering method advantage; In addition, the present invention can massive mechanicalization operation, still can not implement the effective sand control of massive mechanicalization in the world at present, and use material of the present invention can carry out natural degradation, can not as chemical sand-fixing welding.In a word, the present invention have reduce soil water evaporation speed, gas free exchange, be beneficial to growth of microorganism, increase Shamian Island roughness, weather-proof and biodegradable, and the advantages such as massive mechanical operation can be implemented.
Although the foregoing describe the specific embodiment of the present invention; but be familiar with those skilled in the art to be to be understood that; specific embodiment described by us is illustrative; instead of for the restriction to scope of the present invention; those of ordinary skill in the art, in the modification of the equivalence done according to spirit of the present invention and change, should be encompassed in scope that claim of the present invention protects.
Claims (7)
1. the fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden built for arid area ecology, it is characterized in that: described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden is mixed by following material: fiber, cementing agent and ecological filler, the weight portion ratio of described cementing agent and the ecological filler after removing moisture is 1 ~ 10:100, and the ratio of described cementing agent and the ecological filler total weight parts after removing moisture and fibre weight part is 5 ~ 20:1; In described ecological filler, water content is 35% ~ 99%; The thickness of described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden is 2 ~ 20cm, and after natural drying, thickness is 0.5 ~ 10cm;
Described ecological filler is at least one in mud, clay minerals and agriculture and forestry product discarded object slurry;
Described mud is at least one in domestic sludge, paper mill sludge;
Described cementing agent comprises at least one, polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol in black liquid or starch or viscous polysaccharide; In described cementing agent, the content of each component is: at least one in black liquid or starch or viscous polysaccharide is 0 ~ 100 weight portion, polyacrylamide is 100 weight portions, polyvinyl alcohol is 0 ~ 30 weight portion.
2. the fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden built for arid area ecology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described ecological filler, water content is 70% ~ 95%.
3. the fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden built for arid area ecology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fiber is at least one in stalk, the peat composed of rotten mosses, glass fiber and weathered plastics fiber.
4. the fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden built for arid area ecology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the surface sprinkling of described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden has one deck chemical sand fixing material or sand consolidation with biologic material.
5. the fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden built for arid area ecology according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described chemical sand fixing material is turpentine emulsion, black liquid, polyvinyl alcohol, paraffin wax emulsions, water glass class material, vermiculite, at least one in mica sheet mineral; Described sand consolidation with biologic material is algae, lichens, at least one in liver moss.
6. the fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden built for arid area ecology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden spike-shaped thing or macrophyte limb are fixed on ground.
7. the fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden built for arid area ecology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: under described fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden, be also equipped with a loose hypothallus, described hypothallus is at least one in mud, clay minerals and agriculture and forestry product discarded object slurry or stalk, mix with sand, described hypothallus thickness is 0 ~ 1m.
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| CN106083478A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 武汉工程大学 | Municipal water processes Sludge resource utilization method |
| CN106034459A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-10-26 | 上海博大园林建设发展有限公司 | Songnen plain saline-alkali soil comprehensive improvement method |
| CN106436524B (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2018-09-25 | 泉州师范学院 | A kind of composite wood material bag and its manufacture craft for the provisional emergency disposal of road |
| CN106810360A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-06-09 | 广州市林业和园林科学研究院 | Afforesting matrix that a kind of protection against erosion is lost in and preparation method thereof and purposes |
| CN106638339B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2022-04-08 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Algae blanket and preparation method thereof |
| CN109266360B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-10-16 | 江西理工大学 | Composite sand fixing agent containing municipal sludge and method for constructing biological crust |
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