CN103422274B - A kind of compound crystal variation modification method of cotton fiber - Google Patents
A kind of compound crystal variation modification method of cotton fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN103422274B CN103422274B CN201310319443.2A CN201310319443A CN103422274B CN 103422274 B CN103422274 B CN 103422274B CN 201310319443 A CN201310319443 A CN 201310319443A CN 103422274 B CN103422274 B CN 103422274B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of compound crystal variation modification method of cotton fiber, that cotton fiber is placed in closed container, be filled with modification medium, boost to modifier pressure, then abrupt release pressure, vacuumize again, high speed centrifugation rotates drawing-off and microwave combined effect and remove modification medium, namely obtain composite crystal and become modified cotton fiber.The present invention's crystalline substance becomes that modified fiber hole increases, degree of crystallinity reduces, fiber softening, improves the DIMENSIONAL STABILITY of product, flexibility and dyeability etc.; Adopt the method for abrupt release pressure, significantly improve bulkiness and the flexibility of fiber; Employing vacuumizes, high speed centrifugation rotates drawing-off and microwave synergy, further increases the quality of fiber, and significantly improves modification efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compound crystal variation modification method of cotton fiber, a kind of by modification medium being boosted to modifier pressure, pressurize a period of time, then abrupt release pressure, then adopt vacuumize, high speed centrifugation rotation drawing-off and microwave combined effect remove the cotton fiber compound crystal variation modification method of modification medium.
Background technology
Cotton fiber elongated flexible, good hygroscopicity, resistance to highly basic, organic solvent-resistant, bleach tolerant and heat insulation heat-resisting is the most large natural fabric.But its elasticity and elastic recovery poor, easily mouldy, inflammable, dyeing energy consumption and pollute all comparatively large, dye-uptake and COLOR FASTNESS are not high yet.
In order to change above-mentioned present situation, existing a variety of method of modifying, as physical modification method, chemical modification method and biological modified method.Physical modification method mainly comprises discharge technology modification, high steam dodges quick-fried modification, ultrasonic cavitation and microwave irradiation modification, liquefied ammonia are processing modified etc.Chemical modification method mainly comprises cellulose esters modification, cellulose ethers modification, graft modification with cellulose and cellulose crosslinked modification etc.Biological modified method mainly utilizes the process such as biology enzyme comes unstuck to fiber, polishing.
The method of modifying having formed now industrialization production both at home and abroad mainly contains the processing modified and alkali mercerized modification of liquefied ammonia.Liquid ammonia modified and alkali mercerized process has similar effect, as features such as natural crimp disappearance, cross section change circle, inner chamber diminish, but the residual alkali lye of alkali mercerized modification is not easily removed and fiber also can be caused to melt erosion and inhomogeneities, and topmost difference is that liquid ammonia modified effect is better than alkali mercerized modification.The domestic liquefied ammonia that utilizes is as modification medium, in the recycled fiber of conventional boosting-pressurize in closed container-again, the method for modification medium has certain effect to cotton fiber, but the method is modification for once, swelling not thoroughly, degree of crystallinity reduce not obvious, dyeability do not have be improved significantly.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of compound crystal variation modification method of cotton fiber, a kind of by modification medium is pressurized to modifier pressure, and after pressurize a period of time, abrupt release pressure, then adopt vacuumize, high speed centrifugation rotates drawing-off and microwave combined effect and removes the cotton fiber compound crystal variation modification method of modification medium.
The compound crystal variation modification method of a kind of cotton fiber of the present invention, that cotton fiber is placed in closed container, be filled with modification medium, boost to modifier pressure, then abrupt release pressure, adopt again vacuumize, high speed centrifugation rotates drawing-off and microwave combined effect and removes modification medium, namely obtain composite crystal and become modified cotton fiber.Its principle is: cotton fiber is placed in closed container, and this closed container can movable sealing under under high pressure movable sealing and negative pressure, and zero leakage.By pressure balance topping up and non-equilibrium speed governing topping up, adjustable be filled with modification medium in closed container flow, time and temperature, thus the rate of change of the regulation and control pressure of modification, two-phase interface and above-mentioned parameter, and then the technological parameter such as the permeability of regulation and control liquid medium, infiltration rate and evaporation rate; Regulate the dwell time of modifier pressure simultaneously; Above-mentioned technique can make the diffusion coefficient of modification medium improve, modification medium penetrates in fibr tissue preferably, hydrogen bond network between reconstruct cellulosic molecule, change the microstructure of fiber, aggravation cellulose macromolecule sub-chain motion, make, between cellulosic molecule, swelling action occurs, hole increases, degree of crystallinity reduces, and achieves the once regulation and control of fibrous crystal lattice structure.Again by high speed overflow, a large amount of liquid modified medium in abrupt release closed container, huge pressure reduction is produced instantaneously with outside in fibr tissue inside, form high speed quick-fried swollen, the diffusion coefficient of modification medium significantly improved, the hydrogen bond network between Perfect Reconstruction cellulosic molecule, between cellulosic molecule, swelling action is more thorough, hole increases obviously, and degree of crystallinity significantly reduces, and achieves the secondary regulation and control of fibrous crystal lattice structure.Last employing again vacuumizes, high speed centrifugation rotates drawing-off, microwave combined effect, improve mercerization effect, degree of crystallinity also decreases, the third time achieving fibrous crystal lattice structure regulates and controls and removes the modification medium in cotton fiber simultaneously, significantly improve modification efficiency, namely complete described composite crystal and become modification.For the fiber of different-stiffness, different constituent, regulate the relevant parameter of fibrous crystal lattice structure three regulation and control, described composite crystal can be realized and become modification.Composite crystal becomes modified cotton fiber, and to have softness excellent, wrinkle resistant nonshrink, durable fluffy, significantly improves the spinning of fiber, knits, metachromia energy, becomes remarkable natural fabric and newly spin material.
As preferred technical scheme:
The compound crystal variation modification method of a kind of cotton fiber as above, the length of described cotton fiber is 10 ~ 90mm, and fineness is 0.05 ~ 0.4tex.
The compound crystal variation modification method of a kind of cotton fiber as above, by three regulation and control of fibrous crystal lattice structure, make swelling action between cellulosic molecule more thorough, hole obviously increases, degree of crystallinity obviously reduces, and dye-uptake improves, and COLOR FASTNESS improves, mercerising degree improves, and namely the finally de-liquid of employing high speed centrifugation rotation, heating using microwave and the modification medium vacuumized in parallel method of evaporating removal cotton fiber complete described composite crystal and become modification.Compound crystal variation modification method described in employing, composite crystal can be made to become the microcosmic lattice of modified cotton fiber compared with the microcosmic lattice of described cotton fiber, and hole increases 10% ~ 15%, and degree of crystallinity reduces 11% ~ 15%; Described composite crystal becomes modified cotton fiber compared with described cotton fiber, and dye-uptake improves 18% ~ 25%, and COLOR FASTNESS improves 15% ~ 20%, and modification efficiency improves 10% ~ 15%.
The compound crystal variation modification method of a kind of cotton fiber as above, modification medium is liquefied ammonia; Modification medium need possess following three point patterns: 1) have excellent diffusivity; 2) form a large amount of hydrogen bonds between energy and cellulose, the hydrogen bond network between reconstruct cellulosic molecule, improves cellulosic swelling behavior; 3) be easy to phase transformation regulation and control, be convenient to modification medium evaporation and reclaim.And liquefied ammonia has, and molecular weight is little, viscosity is little, surface tension is little, be easy to the special physical property such as phase transformation, these special natures make liquefied ammonia meet above-mentioned three features.
The compound crystal variation modification method of a kind of cotton fiber as above, modifier pressure abrupt release, produces high pressure instantaneously poor, significantly can improve the diffusion coefficient of modification medium, cotton fiber is produced fully swelling, is the critical process process that composite crystal becomes modification.To different cotton fibers, the modifier pressure of requirement is different, and the speed of earth pressure release is different, and the pressure differential produced instantaneously is different, under the prerequisite not improving modifier pressure, obtain release pressure high as far as possible poor, modifier pressure should be made to drop to negative pressure.To cotton fiber, modifier pressure needs to be more than or equal to 0.5MPa, can reach 1.2MPa.Therefore described modifier pressure should be 0.5 ~ 1.2MPa.
Poor for obtaining high as far as possible release pressure, modifier pressure should be made to drop to negative pressure, therefore the abrupt release of modifier pressure, require modifier pressure drop to instantaneously modifier pressure 1% and below.
The compound crystal variation modification method of a kind of cotton fiber as above, in order to specification technological standards, described pressure refers to absolute pressure.
The crystalline substance of a kind of cotton fiber as above becomes method of modifying, obtain excellent swelling effect, require that the time that pressure drops to 1% of modifier pressure from modifier pressure is less than or equal to 5.0 seconds, be advisable at 3 seconds ~ 5 seconds, therefore the moment of described release pressure is 3 seconds ~ 5 seconds, and the rate of pressure reduction of corresponding described release pressure is 0.1MPa/s ~ 0.5MPa/s.
The compound crystal variation modification method of a kind of cotton fiber as above, for obtaining the good diffusivity of modification medium and best modified effect, and modifying process energy ezpenditure is minimum, need to regulate and control the flow of ammoniacal liquor in filling process, time and temperature, reach the object of regulation and control pressure, and then regulation and control medium permeability, infiltration rate, evaporation rate, evaporation rate and phase transition process.And boost process is one of most important influence factor, different boost process need be adopted to different fibers, a large number of experiments show that: cotton fiber content of cellulose accounting more than 90%, structure of fibrous tissue is even, be applicable to using constant speed boosting mode, the constant speed rate of pressure rise of cotton fiber is advisable about 0.1 ~ 0.5MPa/min.
The compound crystal variation modification method of a kind of cotton fiber as above, in modifying process, after boosting, pressurize a period of time is to make modification medium penetrate in structure of fibrous tissue more fully, better completes the hydrogen bond network reconstruct between cellulosic molecule.It is all necessary that this process becomes modification to the composite crystal of all fibres.To cotton fiber, more than pressurize 1min after boosting, the dwell time is advisable at 1 ~ 10min, and therefore after described boosting, the dwell time is 1 ~ 10min.
The compound crystal variation modification method of a kind of cotton fiber as above, removes modification medium while the third time lattice regulation and control of cotton fiber.
Third time as above lattice be regulated to vacuumize, high speed centrifugation rotates drawing-off and microwave combined effect concurrent running or alternate run.Be evacuated to negative pressure and following; High speed centrifugation rotary speed to 100 ~ 150rpm, rotational time can reach 10min, radial drawing-off to 1 ~ 2mm; In heating using microwave, single modification still power is between 1kW ~ 20kW.Remove while the lattice regulation and control of described third time modification medium for vacuumizing, high speed centrifugation rotates de-liquid, heating using microwave concurrent running or alternate run.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention adopts the advantage of above technical scheme as follows:
1. the present invention reaches modification object by changing crystal structure.Modified fiber overcomes its native defect, and hole increases, degree of crystallinity reduces, fiber softening, improves the DIMENSIONAL STABILITY of product, flexibility, level-dyeing property and dyeability etc.
2. the present invention adopts the method for abrupt release pressure, makes the maximum swelling sudden strain of a muscle of modified fiber quick-fried, and softness is excellent, wrinkle resistant nonshrink, durable fluffy, significantly improves the spinning of fiber, knits, metachromia energy, becomes remarkable and newly spins material.
3. provide a kind of anhydrous, almost without dielectric loss, pollution-free, zero-emission, energy-conservation, efficient cotton fiber modification method.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, set forth the present invention further.Should be understood that these embodiments are only not used in for illustration of the present invention to limit the scope of the invention.In addition should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally after the content of having read the present invention's instruction.
Embodiment 1
A kind of compound crystal variation modification method of cotton fiber, be 10mm by length, fineness is that the cotton fiber of 0.05tex is placed in closed container, be filled with liquefied ammonia, modifier pressure 0.5Mpa is boosted to by the rate of pressure rise constant speed of 0.1MPa/min, pressurize 1min, then in 5 seconds with the rate of pressure reduction abrupt release of 0.1MPa/s to 0.005Mpa, finally adopt high speed centrifugation to rotate de-liquid, heating using microwave and vacuumize parallel method of evaporating and remove modification medium in material, namely obtain composite crystal and become modified cotton fiber.Wherein high speed centrifugation rotary speed is to 100rpm, and rotational time can reach 10min, and radial drawing-off is to 1mm; In heating using microwave, single modification still power is 1kW; Be evacuated to negative pressure and following.Described composite crystal becomes the microcosmic lattice of modified cotton fiber compared with the microcosmic lattice of described cotton fiber, and hole increases 10%, and degree of crystallinity reduces 11%; Described composite crystal becomes modified cotton fiber compared with described cotton fiber, and dye-uptake improves 18%, and COLOR FASTNESS improves 15%, and modification efficiency improves 10%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of compound crystal variation modification method of cotton fiber, be 18mm by length, fineness is that the cotton fiber of 0.18tex is placed in closed container, be filled with liquefied ammonia, modifier pressure 0.8Mpa is boosted to by the rate of pressure rise constant speed of 0.2MPa/min, pressurize 5min, then in 5 seconds with the rate of pressure reduction abrupt release of 0.2MPa/s to 0.008Mpa, finally adopt high speed centrifugation to rotate de-liquid, heating using microwave and vacuumize parallel method of evaporating and remove modification medium in material, namely obtain composite crystal and become modified cotton fiber.Wherein high speed centrifugation rotary speed is to 120rpm, and rotational time can reach 10min, and radial drawing-off is to 1.5mm; In heating using microwave, single modification still power is 5kW; Be evacuated to negative pressure and following.Described composite crystal becomes the microcosmic lattice of modified cotton fiber compared with the microcosmic lattice of described cotton fiber, and hole increases 12%, and degree of crystallinity reduces 13%; Described composite crystal becomes modified cotton fiber compared with described cotton fiber, and dye-uptake improves 20%, and COLOR FASTNESS improves 16%, and modification efficiency improves 12%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of compound crystal variation modification method of cotton fiber, be 50mm by length, fineness is that the cotton fiber of 0.22tex is placed in closed container, be filled with liquefied ammonia, modifier pressure 1Mpa is boosted to by the rate of pressure rise constant speed of 0.2MPa/min, pressurize 8min, then in 3 seconds with the rate of pressure reduction abrupt release of 0.5MPa/s to 0.001Mpa, finally adopt high speed centrifugation to rotate de-liquid, heating using microwave and vacuumize parallel method of evaporating and remove modification medium in material, namely obtain composite crystal and become modified cotton fiber.Wherein high speed centrifugation rotary speed is to 140rpm, and rotational time can reach 10min, and radial drawing-off is to 2mm; In heating using microwave, single modification still power is 15kW; Be evacuated to negative pressure and following.Described composite crystal becomes the microcosmic lattice of modified cotton fiber compared with the microcosmic lattice of described cotton fiber, and hole increases 12%, and degree of crystallinity reduces 11%; Described composite crystal becomes modified cotton fiber compared with described cotton fiber, and dye-uptake improves 14%, and COLOR FASTNESS improves 20%, and modification efficiency improves 15%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of compound crystal variation modification method of cotton fiber, be 90mm by length, fineness is that the cotton fiber of 0.4tex is placed in closed container, be filled with liquefied ammonia, modifier pressure 1.2Mpa is boosted to by the rate of pressure rise constant speed of 0.5MPa/min, pressurize 10min, then in 3 seconds with the rate of pressure reduction abrupt release of 0.5MPa/s to 0.0012Mpa, finally adopt high speed centrifugation to rotate de-liquid, heating using microwave and vacuumize parallel method of evaporating and remove modification medium in material, namely obtain composite crystal and become modified cotton fiber.Wherein high speed centrifugation rotary speed is to 150rpm, and rotational time can reach 10min, and radial drawing-off is to 2mm; In heating using microwave, single modification still power is 20kW; Be evacuated to negative pressure and following.Described composite crystal becomes the microcosmic lattice of modified cotton fiber compared with the microcosmic lattice of described cotton fiber, and hole increases 15%, and degree of crystallinity reduces 15%; Described composite crystal becomes modified cotton fiber compared with described cotton fiber, and dye-uptake improves 25%, and COLOR FASTNESS improves 20%, and modification efficiency improves 15%.
Claims (5)
1. the compound crystal variation modification method of a cotton fiber, it is characterized in that: cotton fiber is placed in closed container, be filled with modification medium, boost to modifier pressure, then abrupt release pressure, adopt again vacuumize, high speed centrifugation rotates drawing-off and microwave combined effect and removes modification medium, namely obtain composite crystal and become modified cotton fiber; The rate of pressure reduction of described release pressure is 0.1MPa/s ~ 0.5MPa/s; Described modification medium is liquefied ammonia; Described modifier pressure is 0.5 ~ 1.2MPa, described abrupt release pressure be finger pressure drop to instantaneously described modifier pressure 1% and following; Described pressure is absolute pressure; Describedly refer to 3 seconds ~ 5.0 seconds instantaneously; 1min ~ 10min is kept after boosting.
2. the compound crystal variation modification method of a kind of cotton fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the length of described cotton fiber is 10 ~ 90mm, and fineness is 0.05 ~ 0.4tex.
3. the compound crystal variation modification method of a kind of cotton fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described composite crystal becomes the microcosmic lattice of modified cotton fiber compared with the microcosmic lattice of described cotton fiber, and hole increases 10% ~ 15%, and degree of crystallinity reduces 11% ~ 15%; Described composite crystal becomes modified cotton fiber compared with described cotton fiber, and dye-uptake improves 18% ~ 25%, and COLOR FASTNESS improves 15% ~ 20%, and modification efficiency improves 10% ~ 15%.
4. the compound crystal variation modification method of a kind of cotton fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described boosting is constant speed boosting, and rate of pressure rise is 0.1MPa/min ~ 0.5MPa/min.
5. the compound crystal variation modification method of a kind of cotton fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, describedly to vacuumize, high speed centrifugation rotates drawing-off and microwave combinedly act as: vacuumize until negative pressure and following, high speed centrifugation rotary speed to 100 ~ 150rpm, radial drawing-off to 1 ~ 2mm, microwave, to vacuumize and high speed centrifugation rotates drawing-off synergy, concurrent running or alternate run, remove the modification medium in cotton fiber.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101413213A (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-22 | 上海业安纺织科技有限责任公司 | Liquid ammonia modified method of cotton fibriia and yarn |
| CN102839508A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-26 | 东华大学 | High-grade flax fabric weaving method based on crystallized and modified flax yarns |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101413213A (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-22 | 上海业安纺织科技有限责任公司 | Liquid ammonia modified method of cotton fibriia and yarn |
| CN102839508A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-26 | 东华大学 | High-grade flax fabric weaving method based on crystallized and modified flax yarns |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 棉纤维蒸汽闪爆改性及其化学反应性能;邵自强等;《火炸药学报》;20010228(第01期);第44-46页 * |
| 棉麻纤维液氨改性成套设备控制系统设计;郑慧峰等;《东华大学学报(自然科学版)》;20081215;第34卷(第06期);第724-727页 * |
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